Ebe bụ Lapland Reserve. Lapland Biosphere Reserve

Ò nwetụla mgbe ị nụrụ banyere fabulous Lapland? N'ezie ee! Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara banyere ịdị adị nke Lapland Reserve. Gịnị ka ọ bụ ma ama? Olee otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ? Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-agbalị ịza ndị a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ajụjụ ndị metụtara nke a na-eju ebe.

Iji malite, chọpụta ebe Lapland Reserve. Ọ na-emi odude ke edem edere, na Murmansk mpaghara. Ọ ama fọrọ nke nta ka 100 afọ, na na mgbakwunye na nke a obibi nke Santa Claus na e nwere ọtụtụ na-akpali ihe maka nkịtị-eme njem nleta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. The Reserve n'ókèala na-emetụta ya size - ọ bụ karịa 278 435 hectare, 8574 nke nke na-ewe mmiri ebe nke ọdọ mmiri na osimiri. N'ihi na nke a size of Lapland Nature Reserve bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu Europe.

akụkọ

Nke a echekwa mpaghara e kere site na mkpebi Lenoblispolkoma na January 1930. N'oge ndị ahụ, ndị Kola Peninsula so Executive Committee nke Leningrad mpaghara. 20 afọ bụ reindeer idobere ala, ma e mechiri ihe ebighị ebi oge na 1951. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ọnọdụ a na-kpebiri dịtụ ngwa ngwa, idobere Lapland e meghere ọzọ mgbe afọ ise, aha na natara ọnọdụ nke ala.

Ọ ga-kwuru na "Lapland" ókè gbanwere oge, na ndị ọzọ na-na ntụziaka nke kpukpru usen. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmepe nke ịnweta ego na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ gara aga na Monchetundra n'ókèala. N'agbanyeghị nke a, na 1983, na idobere ọ mmasị nnọọ nnukwu ebe n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (129,577 ha). Ọ ra ka fọrọ nke nta ka 100% nke mbụ ebe. The ala ala ekenyela "Lapland" na akwụ ụgwọ maka belata umu anwuru n'ime disrepair osisi "Severonikel" ala n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke idobere.

Ke ufọt ufọt February 1985 Lapland State Biosphere Reserve ẹka n'okpuru nchebe nke UNESCO ka a Biosphere idobere. Project "Fantastic Lapland" na oru afọ iri gachara (1995). Kemgbe ahụ, idobere malitere na-anọchi anya ọ bụghị nanị na nnyocha na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma a na omenala uru.

Lapland Nature Reserve - odida obodo

Na ụbọchị nke Valdai glaciation Kola Peninsula kpuchie otu ice mpempe akwụkwọ nke na-ekpuchi Greenland taa. Ọ okụrede 10,000 afọ gara aga, na-ahapụ ndị dị larịị na ike n'usoro moraine na glasia-larịị nkume dị ike ndapụta, nke na-akpọ "mutton n'egedege ihu." Mgbe glaciation e nwere fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị sedimentary nkume. Ha na-dochie anya iferi n'ígwé Archean afọ, tumadi gneisses.

Mgbe agbaze nke kpụkọrọ buru ibu ebe nke Kola Peninsula ogologo efu. Ná mmalite, ifufe na nnụnụ me ebe a esemokwu lichens na mosses, ahịhịa osisi. Osisi mee ka onye na-adịghị mbibi nke ndị na nkume onyinyo nke Kola Peninsula na guzobe ala. Ezi ọsọ ọsọ badlands biri invertebrates, nke so mee ka mgbanwe na odida obodo.

Mgbe ahụ, ha malitere na-etolite ọhịa na tundra, emecha ewere ugbu ụdị.

Rivers na iyi

Lapland Nature Reserve (Monchegorsk) na-anọchi anya ebe nile di iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke ugwu Eurasia. N'ihi na ụzọ glaciation n'ala a, dị ka, n'ezie, maka dum nke Scandinavia, e ji zuru enweghị jupụtara ejupụta umu.

Lapland ilekota kere naanị na nso nso, ka usoro nke na-ewebata n'èzí nke dị iche iche ọhụrụ ụdị anụmanụ na osisi dị ka na-aga n'ihu. Umu anumanu na osisi di iche iche nke fauna na osisi a na-agbanwe mgbe nile, ọ bụ dịtụ obere.

Lapland idobere n'ọtụtụ jupụtara osimiri ma na ngwa ngwa ugwu iyi. N'ebe ụfọdụ, ha na-jụụ, nwere a nkputankpu nke sod. Na saịtị ndị ọzọ, ha Rapids na iju mmiri na-acha ọcha Oké mmali.

Ọtụtụ na idobere nke obere na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri, nkume, na mgbe ụfọdụ na ájá ma ọ bụ kpuchie sedge obot. River ndagwurugwu gbatịa Yagelnaya ọhịa. Cover ugwu Come spruce-zelenomoshniki. Wide ndagwurugwu na-eru na iyi, nke na-n'ókè site a warara nke siri birch osisi, interspersed na nnukwu chụsasịrị nke nkume, nke na-ekpuchi na-egbuke egbuke tụrụ nke multicolored lichen.

The kasị ibu ọdọ - Imandra, mpaghara 880 km ^2. Ọ na-emi odude na ihe karịrị 150 isuo. The kasị ibu osimiri - Strelna, Varzuga, Umba.

tundra

Lapland Nature Reserve (Murmansk mpaghara) dị iche iche ahịhịa, nke a kpebisiri ike site na ya obodo ebe - 120 km n'ebe ugwu nke Ugwu Finland - ugwu odida obodo. Mgbe agbaze nke ice elu nke ala biri lichens na mosses. Na njọ nke ugwu tundra, reindeer akpaetu nkịtị ugwu - a mmasị nri nke reindeers. N'ebe ụfọdụ, ha na-agbanwe carpets osisi, crowberry, blueberries, berry, bearberry. Ha malitere ịdị n'otu, na rhododendron bushes kuropatochey ahihia (Dryad).

N'ebe ụfọdụ, e nwere tinyekwa ma ọ bụ fom ekara saxifrage, Linnaeus ala ovsyannitsa, Dwarf birch. The okooko oge nke ebe ndị a bụ oké mara mma.

polar apịtị

Otu n'ime ndị isi akpan owo nke Lapland Reserve Forest ebe na-eto eto na ala ndị a si 3 10 puku afọ. Nkezi afọ ndụ ndị osisi na-eto eto ebe a maka afọ 300. Ụfọdụ ụdị iru a elu nke 15 mita. Active mmepe nke pola apịtị n'ihi na dịtụ nwayọọ idụhe na zuru ezu enweghị permafrost na subsoil oyi akwa.

N'oge oyi, ala a na-echebe snow, na n'ihi na ọ bụghị kwa ike freezes. Osisi na-eto eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma iru a nnọọ nnukwu size, ọ na-adịghị na-echeta na-eto eto na ngwaahịa nke ọhịa tundra nke Siberia.

The obodo pine nwere obere agịga na dịruru bụghị afọ atọ, na afọ asaa. Na-adịbeghị anya, a ghara ịdị na-ghọtara dị ka a dị iche iche ụdị - pine Vries.

Maara anyị Spruce nnọchianya na idobere Siberia spruce na e ji mara maka nke a ụdị obere cones.

Subarctic na warty birch etolite spruce ọhịa na n'ime ọhịa. Ehighị nne n'okpuru mejupụtara a ugwu ash, junipa Siberia, ewu willow na ndị ọzọ na ụdị osisi willow.

N'ala ahịhịa oyi akwa Reserve nile Evergreen osisi - crowberry, lingonberry, Linnaeus, blueberries, ọtụtụ ụdị wintergreen. E nwere ọtụtụ nke Evergreen herbaceous osisi - Luzula pilosa, ntutu ahịhịa.

N'ụba owụt akpaetu oyi akwa. Na pine ọhịa nke mosses na-emekarị jikọtara na lichens cladonia (Alpine, deerskin na juu). The elu ịgba nke oké ọhịa na-akara na a elu nke 380 m.

Animals nke Lapland Nature Reserve

The na uwa nke a mara mma ebe nwere ike-atụle pristine. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị Sami ọma aku reindeer zụọ na, ya, exterminating anụ.

Site na mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, na Lapland e nwere nnọọ ole na ole reindeer na nnukwu anụ.

reindeer

Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ndị Kola Peninsula n'oge ahụ nọgidere na banyere otu narị reindeer.

Ọ dị mkpa na-ngwa ngwa jikoro iji chebe ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a, ya mere, na 1930, ma na-haziri site na Lapland Reserve. N'oge na-adịghị echebe jikoro nyere mbụ ezi ihe.

Taa idobere bụ mgbe niile na-ebi ihe karịrị otu puku ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Mgbada ahọrọ ọhịa-belomoshniki na ugwu-tundra odida obodo. Lapland mba park ọgaranya ha mmasị nri - reindeer akpaetu. N'ihi ogologo oge nche eme nke Reserve ọhịa diya agbasa nile dịịrị banye na mmiri, na n'elu ihe nile na ugwu ugwu na oké ọhịa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ na Lapland Biosphere Reserve mgbe a ruo ogologo oge laghachi beavers na munsu. -Akpali mmasị, munsu bịara n'ebe ndị a dị n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke onwe ha, ma na-beavers na-n'ụzọ pụrụ iche mere ka si idobere nke obodo nke Voronezh. Mgbe ma umu dị ụkọ.

anụ

Lapland Nature Reserve bụ na ya n'ókèala, na nnukwu anụ. The kasị aja aja bear. Wolverines, wolves na lynxes ole na ole. E nwekwara nkịta ọhịa, ma ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nnọọ obere. Weasel, marten, ermine ime ezi mgbe. Snow nēzò winters bụ ezi ala maka ndụ nke voles na lemmings.

nnụnụ

Nnụnụ niile na-ebi Lapland Reserve, na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na a obere isiokwu bụ agaghị ekwe omume. Ya mere, taa, anyị ga-igbochi anyị onwe anyị na ndị umu ke a idobere nwere oké gburugburu ebe obibi uru.

Nesting na Mbugharị a hụrụ 20 umu Waterfowl. Ọ ga-kwuru a obere, nta na-acha ọcha-fronted ọgazị. Nso nso a, nke a na ụdị ngwa ngwa n'anya fọrọ nke nta dum n'ókèala ebe. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ n'ebe ugwu geese, fronted ọgazị akwụ dị n'ikperé ugwu osimiri na iyi.

Akpa ebe na uru nke idobere na-arụ grouse - grouse, capercaillie, nwa grouse, ptarmigan na tundra. Nke ikpeazụ umu bi na ugwu tundra, ndị ọzọ ọbịa na-ebi n'ọhịa.

Ndị dị otú ahụ na-eri anụ na obere nnụnụ dị ka osprey, ọlaedo ugo, agụ nkwọ, na-acha ọcha-tailed ugo, na idobere na-eche kpamkpam ala.

ikwiikwii

Anọchitekwa anya nke nnụnụ ndị a ga-achọ na-agwa anyị ihe. Ọ bụ ike ahụ na ụwa ọzọ dị otú ahụ ebe ahụ Lapland State Biosphere Reserve, ebe ezi nnukwu, ma naanị n'ókèala bi asatọ ụdị ikwiikwii.

The kasị ụdị - a obere egbe ikwiikwii. Ọ bụ a nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ amaala na umu nke ugwu na oke ohia. Ya enyene-ejikọta na ọma na ndabere nke na-kere site n'ebe ugwu birch.

Ya "nwanna nwaanyị" - Great Gray Ikwiikwii - bụ kasị ikwiikwii boreal ọhịa, ma hụ na ọ dị nnọọ obere. Ọ chọọkwanụ ibi n'ọhịa, nwetụ na-emeghe oghere, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na sphagnum bogs.

Boreal na pygmy ikwiikwii - kasị nta ikwiikwii na Russia. Ọ na-ahọrọ nọgidesie condensed na spruce na fir na birch ọhịa.

Marsh ikwiikwii, Ural ikwiikwii na ugo ikwiikwii - na kasị ibu n'ụwa fauna. Ole na ole, ma ọ bụ nnọọ ahụkarị Lapland Reserve ọcha ma ọ bụ pola ikwiikwii.

N'ihi na eziokwu na na Arctic n'abalị ìhè, ikwiikwii na-amanye wezuga on a ichu nta na ìhè. White ehihie na abalị oge bụ ogologo - a narị ụbọchị (site na mmalite nke May ruo mgbe nkera nke abụọ nke August). N'oge a na ikwiikwii mkpa na-eto eto na-eri nri ụmụ ha. Ya mere, na-ahụ a na-efe efe ikwiikwii n'ehihie dị mfe iji chebe.

I nwere ike ugboro ugboro hụrụ na mee ala opitoropi ikwiikwii. Ọ ijiji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emeghe oghere, na-achọ na-eri anụ. Dị ka ọtụtụ ikwiikwii, o nwere ihe ndị kasị mkpa sensory ngwa bụ ntị, ọ bụ ezie na anya ya ike na-akpọ ike.

Mgbe ìhè anyanwụ na oké ọhịa nwere ike hụrụ hawkish ikwiikwii. Abụọ ụdị ikwiikwii na-akpa àgwà dị nnọọ covertly, ha nwere ike na-izute site ohere. Ha na-eme ha "nchekwa" n'ọgba nke osisi. Ebe a ha na-eme na nkwụnye ego nke ozu nke obere òké, na mgbe ụfọdụ, obere nnụnụ.

Ọbụna ihe siri ike ịhụ na ikwiikwii na ogologo-tailed tawny ikwiikwii. Ọ a mụrụ dinta. Ke adianade obere òké, nke bụ ihe ndabere nke ha nri, ha na-egbughị oge n'ịza eri dị iche iche nnụnụ na mammals. Ikwiikwii abịakwasị grouse na squirrels, ọ bụghị uche ohere na imeri ermine.

Kachasinu ikwiikwii na Lapland idobere mgbe nāchu grouse, hares na grouse. E nwere ọnọdụ ụfọdụ mgbe ọ na-ọma-achụgharị marten. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a-agha, o nwere ike ibu a aja.

Ikwiikwii, ekele ikpe ebe na-enwe ike iji jide òké n'okpuru a oké oyi akwa nke snow, otú fọrọ nke nta niile ụdị, ma e wezụga eared Ikwiikwii, na-biri.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme

Isi ntụziaka nke na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ nke Lapland Reserve - ịnọgide na-enwe ma na-amụba bi na nke anụ ọhịa reindeer ke ofụri ókèala ndị Kola Peninsula. Ke adianade do, mkpara aga-eme na-agụnye na-aga n'ihu nlekota na-amụ nso idobere nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ha. The iche iche ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na-adọta bụghị naanị obodo mkpara na-abụkarị ndị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si mba ọzọ.

The ọmụmụ nke ndị dị ndụ na ọnọdụ na àgwà nke anụ mgbada malitere na 1929, tupu oghere nke idobere. The mbụ ndekọ nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a nwere M. Kreps ugwu oyi.

mmụta

Lapland Nature Reserve - a ọmarịcha ebe. Ke adianade pụtara ugwu mma, oge ochie ọhịa na anụ ọhịa, ị nwere ike nweta nke ịmata omenala nketa nke Sami, na oyi na-aga na a nleta na ụlọ elu nke Santa Claus.

Reserve nleta ndị nanị kwe omume site tupu ndokwa na management. Iji ndokwa a tour, ị ga-eji n'elu kọntaktị nkọwa na-edebe online.