Echiche na ụdị nke nnochianya obodo iwu

Nkwa - a ụzọ hụ mmezu nke ibu ọrụ ụfọdụ na-incumbent na eke ma ọ bụ iwu onye. Nnochianya ụdị na-ji usoro nke àgwà nke ihe onwunwe management omume nke ndị dị otú ahụ iwu mmekọahụ.

Ọ maara na alụmdi na nnochianya dịtụ ochie. Ọzọ Roman ọkàiwu kwuru banyere ya na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị. Ugbu a, ihe niile iwu na usoro n'ụzọ ọ bụla iji na-nnochianya. Na mba anyị, nke a nke a mụwo maka a ogologo oge. N'oge Institute of nnochianya na Russian Federation na ọ na-kpụrụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e guzobere nnochianya Institute

N'agbanyeghị nso anya ka ọmụmụ nke Russian jurist nnochianya Institute mbipụta ka eneni banyere nkọwa nke a echiche kpeworo. E nwere ọtụtụ nkọwa, nke bụ na mgbe ụfọdụ na-emegiderịta. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na obosara nke akporo nke ego.

Ọtụtụ nchọpụta ji ọrụ ha na nke a nke. Karịsịa, echiche na ụdị nke nnochianya mụtara ọkàiwu nke XIX na narị afọ dị ka di Meyer, IA Bazanov, N. L. Dyuvernua, L. A. Kasso, VA Udintsev. Na ise a aha metụtara ozizi mmezu nke ruuru, nke e chepụtara ná n'elu ọkà mmụta na ndị yiri ikodu ke akpa ọkara nke XX narị afọ. Ha na-egosipụta kachasi mkpa nke oge ochie nkwa. LA Casso kpoputara ka isi atụmatụ ikpeazụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe nnweta nke njide nke ihe, ma ọ bụrụ na a nwa amaala ike mezuo ya ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ. VA Udintsev siri ọnwụ ọzọ version. O kweere na ndị mbụ ukwe a mfe ibe, a ụdị nke ikike na agbazinye mmadụ ego ụgwọ iji zipu foreclose na a akpan akpan ihe.

The nsogbu nke nzukọ nke na-agbaziri agbaziri na agbazinye mmadụ ego ụgwọ mmekọrịta nwetara site ezigbo ala (mortgage) malitere itinye aka na ụbọchị tupu revolutionary Russia. Ma ndị a mmekọahụ e weere na onodu nke patrimonial ikike. Isi n'ọnụ echiche nke oge n'ihe banyere mortgaging ọrụ ekere ke draft ụkpụrụ fiefdom, dere na 1892 afọ.

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu ezu inwe obi ike na zuru ụwa ọnụ ahịa n'ihi na land- (mortgage) agbazinye. Ma kama ego na-agbaziri agbaziri na-enweta a na-akpọ mortgage nkekọ na-eme ihe dị ka onye na-ebu ala. Ha nwere ike kwụọ ụgwọ ndị e ji ụgwọ, na-ere ha na ngwaahịa mgbanwe, na n'ihi ego. N'ihi ya, agbakwunyere Ibé akwụkwọ ndị a ngụkọta oge pụtara.

Si n'elu ya nwere ike kwubiri na ụdị ụfọdụ nke nnochianya a mara ebe ọ bụ na XIX narị afọ.

The ọrụ nke nnochianya na mmezu nke ibu ọrụ

Dị ka ụzọ nke mmezu nke ọrụ, nnochianya e ji ọnụnọ nke njide nke ndị ziri ezi na afọ ojuju nke chọrọ dabeere na uru nke mortgaged property, bụrụ na ụgwọ na-emezu nke a ọrụ. Ọ na-nwere ikike na-enweta insurance ịkwụ ụgwọ bụrụ na nke ọnwụ ma ọ bụ mmebi onwunwe. Ma e wezụga na ụfọdụ mgbe ihe mere ihe ahụ merenụ metụtara uche nke kpachaara anya na-eme ma ọ bụ mortgagee.

Civil Iwu nke Russian Federation na-emeso na omume nke nnochianya metụtara na ntinye n'ime ike nke nkwekorita, nakwa dị ka na mmalite nke kpọmkwem nime ya ọnọdụ. Gosiri na nke a bụ norm n. 5, Art. 488 nke Civil Usoro. Dị ka paragraf a, na ọgwụgwụ nke nkwekọrịta nke ire n'aka ngwaahịa zuo ihe na-ekwele nkwa na shop (ere ákwà) akwụ ya zuru na-eri nke asịwo. Nke a ana achi achi na ọrụ nke asịwo iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka a akpan akpan ngwaahịa.

Ikpe ma ọ bụ na-eme ihe aka ike nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka ntoputa nke mortgage mmekọahụ. Ma na Civil Iwu nke Russian Federation na-adịghị nyere. Ma e nwere ndị yiri ihe mgbakwasị na iwu nke ọtụtụ mba na Western Europe.

The mortgagor - a onye na-enye a onwunwe. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ụgwọ ya onwe ya na onye ọzọ, ikwe ya mee ihe onwunwe maka ojiji nke onye ọzọ ibu. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ onye nwere nwe nke onwunwe ma ọ bụ onye nwere nri nke aku na uba management.

Akụkụ nke mortgage mmekọahụ

Dịkwa mkpa bụ ọdịdị nke ihe onwunwe. Karịsịa, ụdị nke onwunwe nnochianya, nke bụ ihe na-emekarị nke onye nwere ike dị iche iche. N'ọnọdụ nke ngalaba-nwe dị mkpa iji nweta ikike nke niile nwe. Ma ọ bụghị ya nyefee onwunwe dị ka ihe nnochianya bụ ekwe omume. Fractional nwe -enye maka nri nke ọ bụla na-na pụrụ nke ha n'òkè n'òkè. Tinyere nyefe nke ya ibé.

Chekwaa ekwu mere n'ime akporo nke ihe dị na-oge nke mmezu. Na nke a, chịkọtara ego nke isi, ego mmasị, liquidated emebi, nakwa dị ka ego nọrọ na akwụ ụgwọ maka losses metụtara nnwụchu ogbugbu nke ọrụ.

The isi ụdị nke nnochianya

Mgbe ụdị ihe nnochianya nyere maka na nkwekọrịta, ọ na-emetụta nkesa ikike na ọrụ n'etiti nbinye na-agbaziri agbaziri.

Total na Russia e nwere 2 isi ụdị.

1. Pawn, na-enye nyefe nke onwunwe na pledgee (mortgage).
2. Pawn, n'okpuru nke onwunwe na-anọgide na onye na-enye ya.

N'ihe banyere mortgage grantor onwunwe nwere ikike onwunwe nke na, mgbe ụfọdụ, nri iji. Ọ nwere ike isi nyochaa ọnọdụ na usoro maka ojiji. Na ụzọ nke mortgagee nwere ike ịbụ nanị site ikike nke atọ mmadụ na ihe onwunwe nke na-agbaziri agbaziri na ihe onwunwe.

A.1 1 tbsp. 338 nke Civil Code akọwaputa a nwem n'ukwu n'ukwu jeghari nke gbahapụrụ nke na-agbaziri agbaziri, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọzọ ọnọdụ na-adịghị kwuru na nkwekọrịta. Mortgage na mkwà nke ibu ke mgbasa ndabere na-agụnye gbahapụrụ nke ihe onwunwe site na-agbaziri agbaziri.

mortgage

Ụdị ezigbo ala na ụlọ nnochianya (mortgages) dabeere na ụdị nwe nke nri nke ihe onwunwe. Na nzọụkwụ 2, Art. 335 nke Civil Code na Art. 6 nke Federal Iwu "On Mortgage" e nwere abụọ ikpe ebe ụdị agbazinye kwe omume. Firstly, mgbe mortgagor nwere ikike nke nwe nke ezigbo ala na ụlọ. Na abuo, ọ bụ onye nke nri nke aku na uba management.

Otu ihe dị mkpa e ji mara ezigbo ala na ụlọ bụ ịrịba na-eri. Ke adianade do, nke a onwunwe na-ezukọ na ibiere nke connectedness na ụwa, ya bụ, wepụ ya na akara nke nkwa njide bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. na iwu ndị ọkachamara kweere na bụrụkwa qualitative dị iche, nke na-enye ohere iji ihe onwunwe dị ka a n'aka huu na nkwado nke nnyefe n'aka - bụ ọdịdị nke otu, kama a kpọmkwem uru.

Types of nnochianya metụtara ezigbo ala, amachi omume nke onye nwe metụtara na mkpofu nke ihe onwunwe. Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime ndị a mgbochi bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi na eziokwu na ọ na-ụgwọ na-ahazi tupu na pledgee metụtara ndị nkewapụ nke mortgaged onwunwe ma ọ bụ na-enye ya maka site na otu nke atọ.

The ndabere maka ntoputa nke mortgage kwesịrị ekwesị nkwekọrịta. Ọ ga-kwuru na n'ihi na ntinye n'ime iwu ike ga-notarization na ala aha. Ke adianade do, na n'otu State Register of ikike ka ezigbo ala na ụlọ na kọwara onwe ya dị ka a mortgage encumbering onwunwe ikike.

ụdị mortgages

Mortgage pụtara a iji dị ka ihe nnochianya nke dị iche iche ihe nke ezigbo ala na ụlọ. Nke a enterprise, ụlọ, ụlọ. Ọ dị mkpa na mortgage nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị bụ naanị kwere na ọnọdụ na ala na nke ya na-emi odude, bụkwa n'okpuru eri. Ọzọkwa, ndị a mmekọahụ na-achịkwa otu nkwekọrịta.

Mortgage ala, na Kama nke ahụ, apụtaghị na nri nke nkwa metụtakwara ụlọ wuru na saịtị a.

P. 2 tbsp. 340 nke Civil Code ndị na-esonụ na-achị set. Dị ka ihe ibé ike ga-eji site na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahuta ka a onwunwe mgbagwoju. N'otu oge ahụ mkpa bụ inweta ikike n'aka ndị nwe ebe obibi. Types of nnochianya na ọnọdụ a - ọ bụ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na intangible akụ nke ụlọ ọrụ, ie ụlọ, ẹdude akụrụngwa, na ngwaahịa, ngwaọrụ, na-ekwu nanị ikike. A zuru ezu ndepụta e mere naanị na ndabere nke atọ ndị yiri nkata omume. Integral akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta na-itule mpempe akwụkwọ, na auditor akụkọ, na-atụgharị uche na uru nke ihe onwunwe, otu nọọrọ onwe ha appraiser.

Nkwa nke ibu ke mgbasa

Ndị a na ụdị ihe nnochianya na obodo iwu nke Russian Federation, ka ngwongwo na mgbasa, ọ na-abụghị zigara mkpofu nke a onye, a ụgwọ. Nyochaa ha ntụgharị nnọchiteanya nke ọzọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ mmekọrịta. Ọ (na mortgagor) disposes nke ha, ya bụ, nwere ikike ịgbanwe ha, na-eme mgbanwe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na-atọ ndị yiri nkata, ngwaọrụ, okokụre ngwaahịa na na. Ọ dị mkpa ka uru anaghị ibelata, tụnyere onye kpọmkwem na nkwekọrịta.

Mgbe ibu na-ere (ie, ebe n'ime ihe-onwunwe na ojiji nke onye zụrụ), ha na-aba na isiokwu nke a nkwa. Na Anglịkan. Mgbe na-agbaziri agbaziri azụta ibu, ha na-ewere dị ka ihe nnochianya. The amalite ebe maka nke a bụ ntoputa nke ikike arịa, ma ọ bụ nke akụ na ụba-onwunwe nke ibu.

Dị ka ekwuola, dị ka ndị bụ isi nhazi ọkwa nke ụdị nnochianya dị iche n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ, nke nke Mgbakọnata ọzọ ga nwere ikike pụrụ nke ha. Ma nke a ụdị (ngwongwo ke mgbasa) bụ ihe dị oké mkpa na atụmatụ, ihe e ji mara nanị maka nke a. Mgbe ihe ibé nke ibu ke mgbasa ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe encumbrance maka nkewapụ nke onwunwe.

Na-agbaziri agbaziri ga nyochaa na soro okwu nke nkwekọrịta, idebe a ndekọ nke niile azụmahịa nke pụrụ ime ka a mgbanwe ndị mejupụtara ma ọ bụ eke ụdị nnochianya. Iji mezuo nke a, ọ dị mkpa ime ka ozi ndị dị mkpa na Book of ndekọ nke mortgages.

Mortgage na ike nkwa

Ndị a bụ ndị dị iche iche nke ihe nnochianya na obodo iwu nke Russian Federation, na nke ihe-onwunwe-agafere na nwe na ịchịkwa na-ejide ya. Ma ndị a echiche na-adịghị yiri.

Mgbe a mortgage ji gbaa ibé na-ejide ya. Ma nwere ike dị otú ahụ a atụmatụ, na nke akuku nke zụta table, ebe pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ na-setịpụrụ. Karịsịa, isiokwu nke nnyefe nwere ike n'ezie ịbụ mortgagor, ma, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, "nke si na-eji", nke ahụ bụ "n'okpuru mkpọchi ma mechie ndị na-abụghị n'akụkụ." Na nke a, anyị na-na-na siri ike nnochianya.

The ikike na ọrụ nke ọzọ n'okpuru mortgage

Ụdị nkwekọrịta nke nkwa enweghị a isiike nhazi ọkwa, ma nuances nke ọdịnaya na-adabere na ụdị ihe onwunwe omume dị ka a ụzọ arụmọrụ nke ọrụ na nke party n'ezie nwere ha

Ihe atụ, mgbe nnyefe agbazinye mmadụ ego ụgwọ isi ibu ọrụ bụ:

• The insurance nkwụnye ego maka ego nke ya zuru uru maka ego na na mmasị nke ndị na-agbaziri agbaziri.
• Ịchekwa onwunwe emebibeghị.
• Immediate ngosi nke pledgor banyere omume iyi egwu nke ọnwụ ma ọ bụ mmebi onwunwe.
• Izipu mgbe akụkọ na ojiji nke isiokwu megide na-agbaziri agbaziri (ma ọ bụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị na-nyere na nkwekọrịta).
• The ozugbo nloghachi nke mortgage ihe, mgbe ọrụ a mezuru.

The mortgagee n'okpuru a mortgage nwere ikike:

1. Jiri nke isiokwu nnochianya na otu ebe nkwekọrịta otú na-enye. The ego na-ekpuchi expenses jụrụ ọdịnaya, gaa ugwo nke mmasị na (ma ọ bụ) isi ego.
2. Early arụmọrụ nke ọrụ.

Ọdịnaya nke mortgage nkwekọrịta

Gịnị na-ẹdude ke nkwekọrịta nke nkwa:

- Information banyere isiokwu nke nkwa na ya ntule;

- ọmụma banyere ọdịdị, ego na oge nke ogbugbu nke ụgwọ ọrụ;

- ihe na-egosi nke party nwere ndị ekwele nkwa onwunwe.

The iwu na-enye mkpa ikwubi a nkwa nkwekọrịta ide. Na nke a, ọdịda ime n'ụdị nkwekọrịta na-eduga ná mmesa.

Ikpe nke ntaramahụhụ na-emetụta nanị site ikpe iji:

- ọgwụgwụ nke nkwekọrịta chọrọ nkwenye ma ọ bụ ikike nke a atọ onye ma ọ bụ ikike;

- dị ka ihe ibé na ihu ọma nke ndị dị otú ahụ a na ihe onwunwe ihe na nwere uru ọha;

- enweghị nke mortgagor na enweghi ike igosi ya ebe.

A mgbochi ụfọdụ n'ụdị nnochianya

Okwu ahụ bụ "mortgage", na mgbakwunye na ya iji na obodo iwu, na-emetụta na mpụ usoro iwu. Ọrụ a ọ bụ a mgbochi ụfọdụ nwere ike etinyere na-enyo enyo, ebubo nke a mpụ. Ihe kachasi mkpa a ụfọdụ dabeere n'eziokwu na n'oge mbido nchoputa, na-enyo enyo, na-ebo ebubo ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla (iwu) onye na-eme ka ego, ala, si otú huu bịaranụ (n'ụlọikpe, ase ma ọ bụ nchoputa ahu). Ọzọ ebumnuche nke a nwetụrụ - iji gbochie ọrụ nke mpụ ndị ọzọ site na ihe na-ebo ebubo ma ọ bụ a na-enyo enyo.

Ngwa nke a mgbochi ụfọdụ n'ụdị nnochianya a rụrụ naanị site ikpe iji. The ọkàiwu ma ọ bụ ndị detainee ozi arịrịọ, mgbe nke, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ nile dị na ọnọdụ, Ụlọikpe na-ewe a ziri ezi ma ọ a na-ezighị ezi mkpebi na okwu. Na ụdị na ego nke nnochianya emetụta isi ọdịdị nke mpụ. Ha na-mkpa na àgwà nke na-enyo enyo ma ọ bụ na-ebo ebubo, ya onwunwe ọnọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na a mpụ nke obere ma ọ bụ na-ajụ ike ndọda, ụlọikpe na ngwa nke a mgbochi ụfọdụ n'ụdị nnochianya kwesịrị ego na-erughị 50,000 rubles, na ikpe nke ili na karịsịa ili mpụ - erughị 500,000 rubles.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrụ kwuru na ụkpụrụ na-zutere, nkwụnye ego na-laghachi na onye ọ a na-ebute site ná. Ma ọ bụrụ na imebi na-ahụrụ, na kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụkpụrụ na ndabere nke a mkpebi ikpe zigara steeti.

N'ihi ya, echiche na ụdị nke nnochianya na-adabere na akporo iwu-eme nke usoro ndị a na-eji. Ma-na dị ka ọ nwere ike, na ebumnuche nke ndị dị otú ahụ mmekọahụ bụ iji hụ mmezu nke ibu ọrụ ụfọdụ. Ka ihe atụ, ụdị nke nnochianya na akụ - nnyefe, nnyefe, nnyefe ike, wdg Mgbe okwu na-etinyere iji hụ na ọmụmụ nke onye e kwuru na dara, ndị nhazi ọkwa dabeere na ogologo oge nke na ọ na-egwuri egwu, na ego nke nnochianya na usoro nke ngụkọta oge.