Echichi nke formwork: technology ntụziaka

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ nkebi nke ndị na-ewu ihe owuwu maka iche iche na nzube bụ nwụnye nke formwork. Ọtụtụ mgbe, nke a na-anọgide na-enweghị kwesịrị ekwesị anya. Ma ugbua mgbe ogbo nke nkwadebe maka agbapụtara, o doro anya na ọ bụghị ihe niile dị mfe dị ka akpa echiche. Kpọkọtaram etiti aka duzie echichi nke formwork.

ụdị formwork

E nwere atọ ụdị nke owuwu:

• Kemwepu nke kagburu mgbe zuru ezu ihicha nke ngwọta. Ọ bụ ihe dị otú a formwork nke iche iche akụkụ. N'ihi bụ a collapsible Ọdịdị nke ike-kagburu na reused. N'etiti uru nke ụdị formwork ntọhapụ mfe echichi, nwere ike reused, nke budata ebelata ego na-akwụ ụgwọ nke na-ewu.

• Mbughari, karị, otu na-adịghị kagburu. Nwụnye nke formwork nke ụdị na-emepụta tumadi nke gbasaa polystyrene ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ. Ọ na-anọgide akụkụ nke wuru Ọdịdị. Na n'otu oge ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka a na-enye okpomọkụ.

• "Ese n'elu mmiri" na-ahụkarị formwork maka owuwu nke a monolithic ntọala, nke na-mikpuru n'ime ala. Ọ na-kpọkọtara si planks echebe na elu ubé n'elu chọrọ rụrụ nke ihe. Ọta na-lowered n'ime olulu na A kpọgidere mgbidi ya. Ọ akpọrepu n'elu katọn ma ọ bụ roofing ihe onwunwe.

Ego nwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị dabere na nzube:

• Wall formwork. Arịọnụ na ọ na-rụrụ maka owuwu nke vetikal owuwu na mgbidi.

• Kwụ, nke na-eji maka echichi nke ntọala na ala.

• The curved, nke-enye gị jupụta na nkọwa nke ọhụrụ shapes.

Arịọnụ na dismounting nke formwork nke ọ bụla ụdị nwere ya nke e ji mara. Mkpa ka ha mata maka àgwà nke na-arụ ọrụ.

Uru nke na-adịgide adịgide shuttering

Echichi nke na-adịgide adịgide formwork agụnye nnweta nke a njikere kit maka ọrụ. Anyị nwere ike na-anakọta imewe na-emepụta ya nwụnye. Nke a pụtara a ọtụtụ uru na ụdị formwork:

• obere turnaround oge;

• mfe echichi;

• fechaa imewe;

• iguzogide omume nke ebu na ebù;

• ọkụ nchekwa;

• ala na-eri.

Ọzọkwa, na-adịgide adịgide formwork bụ ma mkpuchi oyi akwa na bụ a ngọngọ nke ụfụfụ na ike mfe ike jikọọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Mgbe n'ime mgbidi bụ thinner karịa ná mpụta. Nke a oji a elu larịị nke kwes mkpuchi ihe.

Na-ewu na-adịgide adịgide shuttering

Nwụnye nke formwork mgbidi site ofu nkanka ukwu mfe karịa omenala usoro.

Ọrụ amalite na saịtị nkwadebe, na-ebikwasị ndị waterproofing oyi akwa. Dị tinye na ntọala nkanka na ndabere nke brickwork (na dechapụ nkwonkwo). Nke a na-enye ohere dịkwuo ike (rigidity) nke ihe owuwu.

Na-amalite na naanị otu n'usoro nke stacked blocks n'ihu mkwado (yitewere). N'ihi nke a, ndị pụrụ iche na grooves. Armature ejikọrọ n'etiti a vetikal waya. Na n'otu ụzọ ẹkenịm ndị na-esonụ usoro.

The nkanka na-n'ịnyịnya n'etiti a dị mfe njikọ pụrụ iche ohere mpere site ubé ịpị. Amalite jupụta ihe ngwa agha ugbua na nke atọ na esepu nke nkanka.

Na usoro, e nwere otu obere ihe nzuzo. The mgbidi ga na-pụrụ ịdabere na ọ bụrụ na nkwonkwo nke n'ígwé nke ihe ngwọta na-anọgide na n'etiti ngọngọ. Iji mezuo nke a, n'elu n'usoro jupụtara ruo ọkara.

Atụmatụ nke mbughari formwork

Key ihe formwork nzukọ tụlee ihe atụ nke a mbughari collapsible imewe. Nke a na ụdị esiwak rụrụ na-enweghị enyemaka nke ndị nwe akpa nkata nke ọkachamara na-ewu ụlọ.

Nwụnye nke formwork na-mere si planks, Ogwe, Ibé akwụkwọ nke plywood na ndị ọzọ na osisi. Ndị isi ihe bụ na ndị a efere bụ ire ụtọ. All ọrụ na-amalite na saịtị nkwadebe. The saịtị ga-kpamkpam n'efu nke ndị mba ọzọ ihe, irighiri na na. Ọzọ, na-enyemaka nke ruo akara nkuku nke ụlọ na-ewu. Ha ga-abụkwa ihe ndabere nke ndị fọdụrụ nke nha ga-rụrụ. Dị na nha n'etiti Ogwe-aga ọta casing.

Emechara ogwe na-ofu aka angular Ogwe iji kposara ma ọ bụ mbọ. Kpọgide kwesịrị ịtụkwasị obi. Mgbe ịgbasa ihe mgbali ga-amụba ka a na ọta, bụ nke pụrụ iduga cracking nke mbadamba. Ndị isi ihe na ọ hapụrụ mmanya si n'èzí. Ke ukem, gbakọtaranụ Ọdịdị na-aga ọzọ n'usoro na a anya nke a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu mgbidi. N'ihi ya, ị ga-a etiti gburugburu perimeta.

Na okokụre igbe jupụtara casing oyi akwa nke gravel ma ọ bụ ájá. Nke a ngwọta na-echebe site na mmiri ọnwụ nke ga-aga n'ala. Formwork arịọnụ technology na-enye maka nchedo nke osisi ọta imegide leakage nke ngwọta site ẹdude oghere. Iji mee nke a, mbadamba kpuchie foil ma ọ bụ roofing ihe onwunwe, nke na-ekekọtara na kposara ma ọ bụ staples na a stapler.

All ọrụ ga-rụrụ-ewere n'ime akaụntụ larịị. Nke a bụ nnọọ mkpa. Mgbe ọ bụla ogbo, ndị evenness kwupụtara imewe elu, ogologo na vetikal (mkpa). Ahịrị abụọ nke mbadamba ga-aga nditịm ukem ọ bụla ọzọ.

Basic ọcha nke formwork

The mbughari formwork, nke na-aga nwere, mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• Oche nke bụ a ewepụghị ọta, nke Nleta dum Herọd. Ọdịdị ga-ike iji nagide ọmụmụ nsogbu. Ya mere, ọ na-mere nke plywood ma ọ bụ gbaa n'onu mbadamba ọkpụrụkpụ nke 4-5 cm.

• Oké ọhịa, nke bụ idé Ọdịdị. Ha na-ekwu na mgbidi, ọ bụghị ikwe ka ihe ngwọta na-afanyekwa si na oche. Mee n'ọhịa si pine mbadamba ma ọ bụ Ogwe (2.5-5 cm).

• Fasteners - ihe niile dị nke niile ọcha na-gbagọrọ Ọdịdị: waya, mkpachị, agbatị, ngwaike na na.

Oche mgbe anakọtara site na 15 cm dum mbadamba na-ejikọrọ na otutu usoro eji mbọ (chụpụrụ n'ime n'ime, n'èzí curved) ma ọ bụ kposara (ha na-ahịgharị n'ime). The anya n'etiti mbadamba ga gafere 3 mm. Solid bonded ọnụ na ndị ọzọ slats.

A mfe variant Ụgha oche - eji oké waterproof plywood 1.8-2.1 cm.

wụnye formwork

The etiti ga-etinye ọtọ na larịị, ọ bụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị kwadebere tupu oge eruo ama egwuregwu. Ya labelụ eji agbatị n'etiti mkpọ udọ. Backfilled na sụkọtara ájá fom. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ndị a kwadebere olulu.

Nwụnye nke formwork emee na-esonụ usoro:

• Perimeta kwesịrị ikpo vetikal nduzi (osisi ntụhie, metal akụkụ ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ).

• Dị ka ndu na ị chọrọ ebe ahụ ọta njikere, na-eburu ndị dị mkpa anya n'etiti ha (ọ bụ hà chọrọ ọkpụrụkpụ nke ntọala).

• Ike idozi na oche. Prop ya elu n'akụkụ sloping Ogwe (1 canting oche kwa mita).

• Iji jikọọ ọta interconnected Ogwe 5x5 cm.

• The n'ime casing dina film (roofing ihe onwunwe).

Foundations na ịdị elu na 20 cm achọghị ka isi imewe. Ezuru ha chụpụrụ n'ime ala Ogwe.

Echichi nke mgbidi formwork

More siri ike bụ usoro nke-ewu mgbidi formwork. N'ihi ya dịpụrụ adịpụ na Large-obere-panel formwork.

The mbụ nhọrọ adabara maka owuwu nke obere ụlọ (cottages, ezinụlọ ụlọ) na partitions n'etiti ụlọ. Na nke a, na-eji obere size nke plywood mbadamba.

Echichi nke Large-elu shuttering ahụkarị ewu ụlọ na nnukwu elu. N'ihi na ime-eji metal mpempe akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ nnukwu Ibé akwụkwọ nke plywood.

N'ihi na echichi nke ntọala mgbidi na-akwadebe, na nke valvụ rapaara. Around ya nnata abụọ n'usoro etiti formwork. Mgbe na-eji nkịtị plywood, njikọ uwe na nrapado ma ọ bụ sealant. Ugbu a na ahịa e nwere a pụrụ iche formwork plywood. The onye Ibé akwụkwọ jikọọ ya na a "ogwu-uzo" na-adịghị achọ ọzọ akara.

ụdị yitewere

Echichi nke n'uko formwork na-adabere na ụdị n'uko. Ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke owuwu:

• On olu ọkwá. Ọ na-eji maka owuwu na nnukwu elu. N'ihi ya iji vetikal racks, jacks, ntinye, ogidi ntụhie ndị ọzọ ọcha maka na njikọ onye akụkụ.

• On klinochnyh ọhịa, nke na-eji elu ụlọ. Kama plywood ogwe arụnyere scaffolding.

• On ọhịa cup ụdị. Nke a na ụdị nke echichi-enye eku. Racks ibe efere usoro.

• Telescopic ọkwá. Adabara n'ebe ndị dị elu nke yitewere bụ ihe na-erughị 4.6 m. Ọ dabeere na a tripod na-akwado dum Ọdịdị. On top of stacked ogwe nke waterproof plywood.

slab Formwork

Ugbu a, ndị akacha eji monolithic n'uko. On ya shuttering atụ ebukọtala nzukọ usoro.

Formwork eji uprights interconnected site bolts. Ha na-arapara na nri akụkụ ka Ogwe, na-agba ọsọ transverse direction. Na ndị a transverse Ogwe stacked ogwe nke plywood, nke bụ ala nke formwork.

The ihe na-eji maka ọrụ a dị:

• Guzosie - mmanya na a cross-ngalaba nke 12-15 cm;

• deadbolt na cross doo - ihu osisi obosara 16-18 cm na ọkpụrụkpụ 5 cm;

• struts - a osisi ọkpụrụkpụ nke 3 cm;

• flooring - Waterproof (laminated) plywood nke ọkpụrụkpụ 1.8 cm.

Tupu mmalite nke ọrụ ọ dị mkpa na-ebu kpọmkwem mgbawa. Ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke posts, akpali ha na ọnọdụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ntuziaka nwụnye slab formwork

Ntuziaka nke arụ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ:

• Iji n'elu nke longitudinal struts na ofu Ogwe, a abụọ ọgwụgwụ nke bụ ofu na mgbidi.

• N'otu ụzọ ahụ a abụọ n'ahịrị anakọtara. N'ihi nke a, n'okpuru support osisi etinye 5 cm oké.

• Tụkwasa transverse osisi rụzie na a pitch nke 60 cm.

• Wụnye buckstays (ekwesị).

• Racks interconnected struts.

• Na transverse Ogwe stacked Ibé akwụkwọ nke plywood, na-ahapụ dịghị gaps.

• Na nsọtụ nke yitewere nke na-echebe masonry nkanka ma ọ bụ brik.

• Ọ bụ a kpuchie nke mkwado. Na nke a, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-ahapụ ohere maka nkwurịta okwu.

Mgbe ọrụ a na-eme, ị nwere ike jupụtara ihe. Wepu formwork mgbe 3 izu.

ọgwụgwụ

Nwụnye nke formwork nke ọ bụla umu-enye maka ojiji nke ụfọdụ ihe. Ọ bụrụ na mbadamba na-eji, ha ga-adị ọhụrụ. Rere ure agadi osisi ike n'iru nsogbu na-agbaji. Plywood ga-waterproof ma ọ bụ laminated.

All ọrụ a chọrọ ịrụ dị na mgbawa na-emepụta. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa maka echichi nke n'ala na mgbidi formwork.