Environmental nsogbu nke Russian Plain. Nsogbu na ò ojiji nke akụ nke Russian Plain

Iji mma ịghọta nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Russian Plain, i kwesịrị ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ihe eke ego nwere nke a obodo ebe karịa ka ọ dị ọwọrọiso.

Atụmatụ nke Russian Plain

The mbụ azịza nke ajụjụ nke ebe Russian ndagwurugwu. East European Plain-emi odude ke Chile Eurasia na nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na okwu nke ebe mgbe Amazon mbara ọzara. The abụọ aha nke East European Plain - Russian. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na a bukwanu nke Russian ala-ewe. Ọ bụ na nke a na mpaghara na-lekwasị ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na bụ kasị obodo.

Na ogologo nke ìhè site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda bụ fọrọ nke nta 2.5 puku km site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ -. About 3 puku. Km. Fọrọ nke nta dum n'ókèala nke Russian Plain nwere a ewepụghị teren na a nta mkpọda - dịghị ihe karịrị 5 degrees. Nke a bụ n'ihi tumadi eziokwu na larịị fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-ekwekọ n'àgwà nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu. Ọ na-adịghị ije nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na, dị ka a na ya pụta, ọ dịghị na-agbawa obi na-emere onwe (ala ọma jijiji).

The nkezi elu nke ndagwurugwu ahụ bụ banyere 200 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Ọ esịmde kacha elu na bugulma-belebey upland - 479 Russian larịị m nwere ike kere n'ime n'ìgwè atọ atọ :. Northern, Central na n'ebe ndịda. On ya n'ókèala e nwere ọtụtụ ugwu nta: Ụfọdụ Russian Araba, Smolensk-Moscow Upland - na larịị: ọhịa, Oka-Don Plain na ndị ọzọ.

Ịnweta akụ nke Russian Plain

Russian larịị bụ ọgaranya ego. E nwere nile di iche iche nke minerals: ore, na-abụghị dara, combustible. A pụrụ iche n'ebe a na-ji site egwupụta ígwè ore, mmanụ na gas.

1. ore

Iron ore nke Kursk magnetik anomaly. Ego: Lebedinskoye, Mikhailovskoye Stoilenskoye, Yakovlevskoye. Ore mined ego ndị a na-elu ígwè ọdịnaya - 41,5%.

2. aggregates

• Bauxite. Ego: Vislovskoe. Ọdịnaya nke alumina na nkume esịmde 70%.
• Nzu, marl, ezi-na-grained ájá. Ego: Volsk, Tashlinskoe, Dyatkovo et al.
• Brown coal. Ọdọ mmiri: Donetsk, nso Moscow, Pechora.
• Diamonds. Ego nke Arkhangelsk mpaghara.

3. Combustible

• Mmanụ na gas. Mmanụ na gas ebe: Timan-Pechora na Volga-Urals.
• Oil shale. Ego: Kashpirovskiy, Obschesyrtskoe.

Mineral mined na Russian larịị ụzọ dị iche iche, nke nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-adị clogging nke ala, mmiri na ikuku.

Mmetụta nke mmadụ eme na ọdịdị nke East European Plain

Environmental nsogbu nke Russian Plain bụ nnọọ n'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ na ọrụ: mmepe nke ịnweta ego, ndị na-ewu obodo, okporo ụzọ, na umu anwuru nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, na ojiji nke nnukwu ichekwa mmiri, nke mee nwere bụghị oge na-replenished, e wezụga ihe ma na-unyi.

N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-atụle ihe niile na gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu nke Russian Plain. The table-egosi ihe nsogbu e nwere, ebe ha na-emi odude. Ekwe Omume ụzọ nke na-alụ.

The idụhe nke Russian Plain

The idụhe nke East European Plain bụ moderately continental. Continentality enwekwu dị ka ị na-akpali n'ime obodo. The nkezi okpomọkụ na mbara ọzara n'oge coldest ọnwa (January) bụ -8 degrees na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na -12 degrees n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na ndị kacha bụrụ ezigbo ọnwa (July) nkezi okpomọkụ nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-nke 18 degrees, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke 21 degrees.

Onye kasị ukwuu ego nke ọdịda n'oge na-ekpo ọkụ oge n'afọ - banyere 60-70% nke kwa afọ ego. N'ime ugwu nta oké mmiri ozuzo dị ukwuu karịa n'ihi ndị dị larịị. Kwa Afọ mmiri ozuzo na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke 800 mm kwa afọ, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - 600 mm.

Na Russian larịị nwere ọtụtụ eke zones: steppe na ọkara desert, ọhịa, deciduous ọhịa, weere ọhịa, apịtị, tundra (mgbe akpụ akpụ site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu).

Forest n'Ọzara ego iso karịsịa nke conifers - pine na spruce ya. Na mbụ, e nwere oké ọhịa-egbutu na-arụsi ọrụ na-eji na woodworking ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ugbu a, oké ọhịa na-atụrụ ndụ, mmiri iwu na echekwa mmiri uru.

Flora na fauna nke East European Plain

N'ihi obere onodu ubochi iche na ókèala nke Russian mbara ọzara otu onye nwere ike na-edebe ihe a akpọ ala na ahịhịa zoning. Northern sod-podzolic Ona n'ebe ndịda Nye ụzọ ọzọ tụụrụ nwa ụwa, nke na-emetụta àgwà nke ahịhịa.

Flora na fauna ahụhụ nke ukwuu n'ihi na mmadụ ọrụ. Okụrede otutu umu osisi. Fauna nke kasị ukwuu mmebi e mere ka ajị anụ ụmụ anụmanụ, nke mgbe e chọsiri ike inweta ihe nke ịchụ nta. Nọ n'ihe ize ndụ mink, muskrat, akukonta nkịta, biva. Ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ebibi nnukwu ungulates dị ka tarpan, fọrọ nke nta nwuchapu ele na Bison.

Iji zọpụta ndị mmadụ ụdị anụmanụ na osisi mee e kere: Oka, Galich Mountain, Central Black Earth ha. V. V. Alehina, Forest na Vorskle et al.

Osimiri na oké osimiri nke East European Plain

Ebe bụ Russian larịị, e nwere ọtụtụ osimiri nakwa n'ọdọ mmiri. Isi osimiri na ikere òkè dị ukwuu na aku na uba na-arụ ọrụ nke mmadụ, bụ Volga, Oka na Don.

Volga - kasị akpa ke Europe. Ọ na-emi odude na Volga-Kama gidropromyshlenny mgbagwoju, nke na-agụnye a dam na hydroelectric dam. Volga ogologo bụ 3631 km. A otutu ya tributaries na-eji na ugbo ala.

Don na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na ulo oru na-eme. Ogologo-ya - 1870 km. Mkpa karịsịa bụ Volga-Don kanaal na Tsimlyansk esite.

Tụkwasị na nke a bụ isi osimiri na ndagwurugwu ime: Hopper, Voronezh, Bityug, North Dvina, Western Dvina, Onega, Kem na ndị ọzọ.

E wezụga osimiri dịịrị Russian mbara ọzara oké osimiri ahụ: na Baltic, Barents, Black, Caspian.

The Baltic Sea pipeline na-aga, "Nord Stream". Nke a na-emetụta ndị na ebe obibi ọnọdụ nke hydrological ihe. Na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ha n'oge gas pipeline aga clogged mmiri, ọtụtụ ụdị nke azụ.

Na Baltic, Barents, Caspian na White Oké Osimiri mere mmịpụta nke ụfọdụ minerals, nke n'aka nke njọ na-emetụta ndị mmiri. Ụfọdụ n'ime ulo oru mkpofu seeps na oké osimiri.

Na Barents na Black Oké Osimiri mere akụta ụfọdụ azụ na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ: okporoko, azụ asa, ndagharị, Haddock, halibut, azụ okpo, anchovies, perch, makarel na ndị ọzọ.

Na Caspian Sea mere akụta azụ, ukwuu n'ime ndị Sturgeon. N'akụkụ oké osimiri n'ihi na mma eke ọnọdụ e nwere ọtụtụ ntụrụndụ na njem nleta emmepe. Na Black Sea bụ waterways. Exports nke mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa na-emepụta si Russian ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Groundwater Russian mbara ọzara

Ke adianade elu mmiri, nwoke mee ala, n'ihi na nke enweghị isi na ọdụ were njọ na-emetụta ala - kpụrụ drawdown, wdg On ndagwurugwu e nwere atọ nnukwu artesian efere :. Caspian, Srednerussky Russian na East. Ha na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke mmiri nke ukwu ókèala.