Friedrich Schiller: biography, creativity, echiche

Ọrụ nke Friedrich Schiller nwere na-akpọ oge nke "Sturm und Drang" - direction na akwụkwọ nke Germany, n'ihi na nke e ji mara na ojuju nke classicism na Transition ka Romanticism. Ọ na-ekpuchi ihe iri afọ abụọ: 1760-1780 afọ. Ọ ji n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama dere dị ka Iogann Gete, Christian Schubart na ndị ọzọ.

Brief biography nke onye dere

Duchy nke Württemberg, nke a mụrụ Friedrich Schiller, e odude na ókèala nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom. The na-ede uri a mụrụ na 1759 na a na ezinụlọ nke kwabatara si na ala ọmụmụ. Nna ya bụ onye regimental ọgwụ nnyemaaka ya, na nne - na nwa nwaanyị nke a bred. Otú ọ dị, nwa nwoke ahụ a ezi muta: ọ na-amụ na Military Academy, ebe ọ na-amụ iwu na jurisprudence, na mgbe ahụ, mgbe nyefe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na Stuttgart, wee na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Mgbe staging ya mbụ acclaimed play "na-apụnara mmadụ," ndị na-eto eto dere a chụgara si ya na nwa afọ duchy, na nnukwu nke ndụ ya na Weimar. Friedrich Schiller bụ enyi Goethe na ọbụna mpi na ya na-ede ballads. Writer ụtọ nke nkà ihe ọmụma, akụkọ ihe mere eme na uri. Ọ bụ a prọfesọ nke ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum nke Jena, n'okpuru nduzi nke Immanuel Kant dere nkà ihe ọmụma ọrụ, aku ebipụta, na-amị magazin "Ora", "Almanac nke chere echiche kwuo." Ede egwuregwu akpa ke Weimar na 1805.

The play "na-apụnara mmadụ" na mbụ ọma

Na oge n'okpuru nyochaa n'etiti nwata dị nnọọ ewu ewu a ihunanya ọnọdụ, nke a na-dọọrọ na Friedrich Schiller. Isi echiche nkenke mara ọrụ ya ndị na-esonụ: na pathos nke nnwere onwe, nnyocha nke elu otu, oké ozu, ama na mmetụta ọmịiko maka ndị, n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla mere, jụrụ a ọha mmadụ.

Famous dere nwetara mgbe staging ya nkiri bụ "na-apụnara mmadụ" na 1781. Nke a play dị iche dịtụ ghọgbuo na meere okomoko ihunanya ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, ma, ọ dara na ịhụnanya na-ekiri nkọ ike ibé na okpomọkụ nke ahuhu. Ndabere nke ihe ndị mejupụtara bụ isiokwu nke esemokwu n'etiti ụmụnne abụọ, Karl na Franz moo. Ajọ Onye Franz achọ iji napụ nwanne ya ala na ụlọ, nketa, na hụrụ n'anya - Kuzinu Amaliyu.

Ndị dị otú ahụ na-ezighị ezi na-edu Charles gaa na-apụnara mmadụ, ma n'otu oge ọ na-arụcha ịnọgide na-enwe ya ùgwù, na-magburu onwe ya nsọpụrụ. The ngwaahịa bụ oké ihe ịga nke ọma, Otú ọ dị, me-ede akwụkwọ na nsogbu: n'ihi na nke na-enwetaghị ikike abịaghị, ọ nọ na-ata ahụhụ, na ekemende chụpụrụ ala nna ya duchy.

Drama 1780s

"Na-apụnara mmadụ 'ịga nke ọma kpaliri na-eto eto na-ede ike a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a maara nke ọma ọrụ na aghọwo ochie nke ụwa akwụkwọ. Na 1783, o dere na play "aghụghọ na Ịhụnanya", "Izu ọjọọ nke Fiesco na Genoa" na 1785 - "Ode ka Joy". Na usoro isiokwu a, ọ ga-kpoputara edemede "aghụghọ na Ịhụnanya", nke a na-akpọ onye mbụ "bourgeois ọdachi", dị ka o mere na nke mbụ onye dere ihe nkà oyiyi na-adịghị nsogbu magburu ma ama, na-ata ahụhụ nke ndị dị mfe girl nke umeala n'obi si malite. "Ode ka Joy" a na-ewere otu nke kasị mma ọrụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ, onye egosipụtawo onwe bụghị naanị a oké novelist, ma a na-ghar-ede uri.

Ejije nke 1790s

Friedrich Schiller ụtọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke na-achị dere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ya nkiri. Na 1796 o kere play "Wallenstein", raara ọchịagha nke Iri Afọ Atọ War (1618-1648 afọ). Na 1800, o dere ihe nkiri bụ "Maria Stuart", nke ukwuu wee si akụkọ ihe mere eme eme, na-eme ihe nka yiri nke ndị agha dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị abụọ rivals. Nke a bu eziokwu, Otú ọ dị, imebi abamuru nke akụkọ ahụ edemede ejije.

Na 1804 Friedrich Schiller dere play "William Gwa", raara nye mgba nke Swiss ndị megide Austrian-achị. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-jupụtara na pathos nke nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe nke bụ ya mere e ji mara nke creativity nnọchiteanya nke "Sturm und Drang". Na 1805 onye dere malitere ọrụ na ihe nkiri bụ "Demetrius", a ga-ebibi ihe ndị mere Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ndị play-anọgide na-ahụkarị uko.

Uru ihe e kere eke Schiller art

Na arụ orụ onye dere nwere oké mmetụta ụwa omenala. Gịnị dere Friedrich Schiller, ọ bụ isiokwu nke mmasị nke Russian na-ede uri V. Zhukovsky, Lermontov, onye sụgharịa ya ballads. Ejije ede egwuregwu na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke oké usoro ihe nkiri ndị na-eduga Italian-arọ nke XIX narị afọ. Fernandes ikpeazụ nke ya a ma ama Ninth Symphony na-etinye na "Ode ka Joy" by Schiller. Na 1829, Rossini kere opera "William Gwa", dabere na ya ejije; a na-arụ ọrụ a na-ewere otu nke kasị mma ọrụ nke onye dere.

Na 1835 G. G. Donitsetti dere opera "Mariya Styuart", bataworo a usoro nke ya egwú, raara nye ndị mere nke England XVI na narị afọ. Na 1849 G. D. Verdi kere opera "Luisa Miller" dabeere na nkiri bụ "Ịhụnanya na-akpali akpali." Opera adịghị natara ihe na-ewu ewu, kama undoubted musical n'uru. N'ihi ya, mmetụta nke Schiller na ụwa omenala bụ nnukwu, na a na-akọwa mmasị n'ọrụ ya na ụbọchị anyị.