Gịnị bụ zinc? Formula zinc compound. zinc

Otu nke ọla na e meghere a ogologo oge gara aga, ma a ụbọchị adịghị efu ya mkpa iji ekele ya ịrịba ama Njirimara bụ zinc. Ya na ahụ na chemical Njirimara ekwe iji ihe dị iche iche alaka nke nkà na ụzụ na-eme kwa ụbọchị. O nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na ụmụ mmadụ ike.

A Brief History of oghere mmewere

Gịnị bụ zinc, na ndị mmadụ maara tupu oge. Ọ na-ama ahụ na-amụta iji alloys nwere a metal. Ijipt mee ore nwere ọla kọpa na zinc, na ha gwakọtara kwadebere nnọọ inogide, ọxịdashọn eguzogide ihe onwunwe. ihe n'ụlọ na-hụrụ, efere mere si a ihe onwunwe.

Aha nke zinc a hụrụ na ihe odide ndị dibịa Paracelsus na XVI na narị afọ AD. N'otu oge ahụ na-metal ifịk ifịk malite iji Chinese imetụta ya mkpụrụ ego. Nke nta nke nta, ihe ọmụma nke umi na ihe ọma technical Njirimara nke a mgbanwe na Europe. Ekem ke Germany, England amụtakwala na ndị dị otú zinc na ebe ọ ga-eji.

Brass bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na kacha mara alloy, ji kemgbe oge ochie na Cyprus, na mgbe e mesịrị na Germany na mba ndị ọzọ.

The aha na-abịa site Latin zincum, ma etymology bụ edoghị. E nwere ọtụtụ nsụgharị.

1. Si German zinke, nke sụgharịta ka "The Island."
2. Site Latin zincum, nke pụtara "na-acha ọcha patches".
3. Persian "cheng", ie oké nkume.
4. Germany zinco, nke sụgharịta ka "ihe e dere ede," "ihe eyesore".

Taa aha item na-natara naanị na mmalite nke XX narị afọ. The uru nke zinc ion na ụmụ mmadụ na-na-kọrọ na nso nso (XX narị afọ). Tupu nke a, ọ dịghị ọrịa na a mmewere abụghị.

Otú ọ dị, a maara na n'oge ochie, ọtụtụ mba na-eji ofe nke anụ atụrụ dị ka a mgbake ngwá ọrụ site na onye na-arịa ọrịa nakwa maka ngwa ngwa mmeghari. Taa, anyị nwere ike ikwu na mmetụta bụ n'ihi na zinc ion, nke na efere a nwere nnọọ ọtụtụ. Ọ nweghachi ọbara, inyeaka ike ọgwụgwụ na-arụ ọrụ ụbụrụ ọrụ.

Zinc mmewere: e ji mara

Nke a mmewere dị na oge usoro na ìgwè nke abụọ, ndị na-enwe subgroup. The usoro nọmba 30, zinc ibu - 65,37. The naanị mgbe nile na ọxịdashọn ala +2. The electronic nhazi nke elu atọm oyi akwa 4s ^2.

Isiokwu Zinc, ọla kọpa, cadmium, chromium, manganese na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ - bụ mgbanwe ọla. Ndị a gụnyere ndị niile nke electrons ogide elu na predvneshny d na f ume sublevels.

Mgbanwe ọla-agụnye platinum ìgwè na (gold, iridium, palladium, platinum, osmium, na ndị ọzọ). N'ihi na ha niile ji guzobe mgbagwoju ogige, na nke ha na-eme dị ka a complexing gị n'ụlọnga na dị iche iche na nchikota nọmba. All nke a bụ ihe e ji mara nke mmewere n'okpuru echiche site anyị.

E nwere ise ndammana mụ isotopes na uka nọmba nke 64 na 70. ⁶⁵ Zn - redioaktivu, na a ọkara ndụ nke 244 ụbọchị.

Zinc dị ka a dị mfe umi

Gịnị bụ zinc ke mbụ ụdị? Ọ - metal, silver-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ngwa ngwa kpuchie a echebe oxide film na ikuku. N'ihi nke a, o yiri ka ọ bụ nnọọ amamiihe. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ ihe nkiri, dị ka zinc ngosi Njirimara nke niile ọla - mara mma e ji mara luster na-enwu.

Na ọdịdị, hụrụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ọtụtụ minerals na ores. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị kasị ndị bụ:

• zinc blende, ma ọ bụ sphalerite;
• kleyofan;
• marmatit;
• wurtzite;
• smithsonite;
• calamine;
• zinc
• willemite;
• franklenit na ndị ọzọ.

Dị ka akụkụ nke mbuaha ores Zinc na-na-hụrụ ọnụ na ya mgbe nile ibe, dị ka:

• thallium;
• Germanium;
• indium;
• gallium;
• Cadmium.

Na ngụkọta, na metal akụkọ 0,076% nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. Ọ bụ ubé ibu karịa ọla kọpa. Ọzọkwa, 0,07 mg / l nke umi dị na mmiri nke oké osimiri.

Formula dị ka a dị mfe umi nke zinc - Zn. Hexagonal crystal lattice, arọ. The ụdị chemical bonding - metal.

nkịtị Njirimara

Ọ bụ ike ikpo ọtụtụ e ji mara.

1. Agba - srebristo acha anụnụ anụnụ.
2. Njupụta - 7.13 g / cm ^3.
3. Agbaze uche - 420 ^{° C} (na-ezo aka a ìgwè nke ala-na-agbaze metal).
4. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ - kenkuwa ihe onwunwe.
5. Esi ebe - 906 Celsius ^C.
6. Mgbe ewe iwe ka 100-150 ^{° C} enwekwu ike na ductility, nwere ike arụpụtara nke waya foil Rolling.
7. N'elu 200 ^{° C} na-adị mfe ground na a na agba ntụ ntụ ntụ, adịkwa ike mgbanwe.
8. Ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe-eduzi.
9. The thermal conductivity dị mma, nakwa dị ka okpomọkụ ikike.

Ndị dị otú ahụ nkịtị kwa ekwe ojiji nke a metal na ndị ọzọ ọcha na ogige. Ka ihe atụ, a maara zinc alloy - plated ọla.

chemical Njirimara

N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ, metal mpempe kpuchie a n'elu-ntabi dull grayish-acha ọcha mkpuchi - zinc oxide. Nke a na-abịa site eziokwu na oxygen na ikuku instantaneously oxidizes ọcha umi.

Ọ bụrụ na a ogologo oge na-a dị ọcha metal na-emeghe iru mmiri ikuku, a ga-mbibi ya site n'oru nke carbon dioxide. Dị ka a dị mfe umi nke zinc mkpatụ na:

• halogens;
• chalcogens;
• oxygen;
• asịd;
• alkalis;
• amonia na ammonium (ya salts);
• ọgwụgwụ ọla.

Ọ na-adịghị eme na nitrogen. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-nnọọ na ya dị ọcha zinc, ọ na-adịghị eme ihe ọ bụla nke e depụtara bekee.

O doro anya na ndị zinc - metal amphoteric. Na Jeremaya mere na alkalis Nleta mgbagwoju ogige - gidroksotsinkaty.

ogige nke zinc

ọtụtụ isi na edemede nke nwere ike kwuru:

1. zinc silicide.
2. Ternary carbide umu - Ni ₃ ZnC.
3. zinc halides (chloride, Fluoride, iodide, bromide).
4. Sulfide, selenide, zinc arsenide.
5. Phosphide na boride.
6. Ammine okụre kpụrụ na metal imeghachi omume na amonia ngwọta.
7. Cyanides, thiocyanates na thiosulfates adị dị ka kwekọrọ ekwekọ okụre na okenye ihe ngwọta.
8. Oxide na zinc hydroxide - amphoteric ogige eji maka nkwadebe nke okụre gidroksotsinkatov.

Kasị nke ogige nke mmewere eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ (engineering, ezinụlọ syntheses, agba ụlọ ọrụ).

Zinc oxide na ọtụtụ-eji nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ọ nwere ezi mgbochi mkpali na mmetụta, ubé Dries na-egbu ndị bacteria. Ya mere, ọ na-eji na ntecha maka ọgwụgwọ nke otutu, blackheads, otutu na ndị ọzọ na akpụkpọ ọrịa.

zinc salts

Fọrọ nke nta niile salts na-adịghị okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju, ie nwere dịghị extraneous acha ion - a colorless crystalline umi. The kasị ewu ewu na usoro nke mmadụ na-eji ndị na-esonụ ndị na.

1. Zinc chloride - ZnCL _2. ọzọ aha maka njikota - jikọtara acid. Hibere na-anọchi anya na-acha ọcha kristal, amịkọrọ mmiri na ikuku. Eji maka nhicha metal ebupụta tupu soldering, amị emep uta eri, na batrị, maka impregnation nke osisi tupu ọgwụgwọ dị ka a disinfectant.
2. zinc sulfide. White ntụ ntụ, ngwa ngwa yellowing mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Ọ nwere nnukwu agbaze mgbe, n'adịghị a dị ọcha metal. Eji na mmepụta nke luminescent ogige etinyere meziri, ogwe na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ a okporo ọkụ.
3. zinc phosphide - a nkịtị nsi eji maka ịlụ Bibie gnawing ụmụ anụmanụ na (ụmụ oke, oke).
4. Smithsonite, zinc carbonate ma ọ bụ - ZnCO _3. Colorless crystalline compound, unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri. Ọ na-eji na Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka na Jeremaya mere, nke na-amị silk. Bụ a mkpali na organic njikọ, na-eji dị ka a fatịlaịza n'ihi na ala.
5. Zinc acetate - (Kra ₃ Igba) ₂ Zn. Colorless kristal, ngwa ngwa soluble niile solvents nke ụdị ọ bụla. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji ma na chemical na na ahụ ike na nri ọrụ. Iji na-emeso nozafaringita. Ọ na-eji dị ka nri mmako E650 - freshens ume, na-egbochi ọdịdị e dere ede na ezé mgbe a akụkụ nke chịngọm. Ọ na-eji na-etch dyes, na-echebekwa osisi, plastik na ndị ọzọ organic syntheses. Fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe inhibitor.
6. Zinc iodide - ọcha kristal eji na radiography, dị ka electrolyte na batrị, dị ka a ji esiji ákwà maka electronic microstudies.
7. Black ma ọ bụ ọchịchịrị-green kristal, nke na-apụghị nwetara site kpọmkwem njikọ, dị ka zinc na nitrogen anaghị eme. Ii si metal ammine. Na okpomọkụ ya erekasịchaala nyak zinc, Otú ọ dị na-eji maka ya nkwadebe.
8. zinc nitrate. Colorless hygroscopic kristal. The ojiji nke zinc n'ụdị a rụrụ na akwa na akpụkpọ anụ ụlọ ọrụ ruo etching arọ.

zinc alloys

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, e nwere ihe ndị kasị zinc alloy - ọla. Na a mara ebe ọ bụ ihe kasị ochie na na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji ndị mmadụ dị. Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Brass - bụ ọla kọpa na zinc, nke ndị kwekọrọ n'uche ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ọla, netinye ọzọ gloss, ike na refractoriness alloy. Zinc na mejupụtara dị ka ihe alloying mmewere, ọla kọpa - dị ka a isi. Ihe agba odo, nke onwunwu, ma n'èzí mmiri gburugburu ike blacken. The agbaze n'ókè nke banyere 950 ^{° C,} nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na ọdịnaya nke zinc (ibu ọ bụ, na ala okpomọkụ).

The ihe onwunwe na-ọma lakpuru Ibé akwụkwọ, akpa, welded kọntaktị usoro. Nwere ezigbo oru nkọwa, otú e si na ya mere ndị na-esonụ ọcha:.

1. Machine akụkụ dị iche iche oru ngwaọrụ.
2. Aka uwe na stampings.
3. Mkpụrụ, mkpọchi oyiyi akwa.
4. Fittings, bushings, corrosion eguzogide akụkụ dị iche iche ụdịdị nke iga.
5. Watch akụkụ.

Ọtụtụ n'ime anyị na-ewere na metal na-emepụta ụwa na-aga na dị nnọọ mmepụta nke alloy.

Ọzọ ụdị intermetallic compound - zinc antimonide. Formula ya Zn ₄ SB _3. Nke a alloy a na-eji dị ka a okporo ọkụ transistors, kwes imagers, magnetoresistive ngwaọrụ.

O doro anya na ojiji nke zinc na ya ogige bụ ebe fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile. Nke a metal-ewu ewu dị ka ọla kọpa, aluminum, silver, gold, manganese na ígwè. Ya uru karịsịa elu oru nzube dị ka anticorrosive ihe onwunwe. Mgbe niile, na-ekpuchi iche iche zinc alloys na ngwaahịa maka nchedo nke a mbibi nke ndị na eke usoro.

The ndu ọrụ

Gịnị bụ zinc na okwu nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na usoro ndu? Ma ọ nwere uru maka ndụ nke ntule na otú oké ọ bụ? Ọ na-enyo na zinc ion nanị ga-adị ugbu a dị ndụ. Ma ọ bụghị ya, na mpe ga-eduga ndị na-esonụ na ya pụta:

• anaemia;
• ebelata insulin;
• allergies;
• arọ ọnwụ na ebe nchekwa;
• ike ọgwụgwụ;
• ịda mbà n'obi;
• mkpọchị ọhụụ;
• ogwe na ndị ọzọ.

Isi ebe nke ịta nke zinc ion na ahụ mmadụ - bụ na anyịnya, imeju na-na akwara. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ metal akụkụ nke ọtụtụ ndị enzymes (eg, carbonic anhydrase). Ya mere, ọtụtụ n'ime catalysis emee na òkè nke zinc.

Gịnị kpọmkwem ime ion?

1. Itinye Aka na njikọ nke nwoke homonụ na spam.
2. Akwalite absorption nke vitamin E.
3. Itinye Aka na cleavage nke mmanya ụmụ irighiri ke idem.
4. Gbasakwara njikọ nke ọtụtụ homonụ (insulin, ibu hormone, testosterone na ndị ọzọ).
5. So na ọbara e guzobere na-agwọ ọrịa nke mebiri emebi anụ ahụ.
6. Ọ achịkwakwa ndị secretion nke sebaceous glands, na-akwado ndị nkịtị uto nke ntutu isi ma mbọ, na-akwalite regenerative Filiks ke akpụkpọ.
7. Ọ nwere ike na-ewepụ toxins si ahu ma na-ewusi dịghịzi usoro.
8. Ọ na-emetụta guzobe uto na isi.
9. Ọ na-ewe akụkụ na Filiks nke transcription, metabolism nke vitamin A, nucleic njikọ na mbibi.
10. Ọ bụ a soò na niile nkebi nke na mmepe nke mkpụrụ ndụ, nakwa dị ka soro usoro nke site n'usoro okwu.

All a otu ugboro ọzọ na-egosi otú dị mkpa bụ metal. Ya ọrụ na ndu usoro e doziri naanị na XX narị afọ. Ọtụtụ nsogbu na nsogbu n'oge gara aga gaara ezere ma ọ bụrụ ndị mmadụ maara nke ọgwụgwọ iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe dabere na zinc.

Olee otú anyị pụrụ ịnọgide na-enwe nri ego nke a mmewere ke idem? Azịza ya doro anya. Mkpa ka ị na-eri oriri na-ebu zinc. The ndepụta nwere ike ịbụ ogologo oge, n'ihi ya, anyị banyere naanị ndị na nke karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmewere na ajụjụ:

• mkpụrụ na osisi;
• agwa;
• anụ;
• Erimeri, karịsịa oysters;
• ọka na nri;
• Mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa;
• herbs, akwụkwọ nri na mkpụrụ osisi.

mmadụ were

Anyị na-ama ẹkedọhọde n'ozuzu ya, na nke ọrụ na ndi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-eji zinc. The price nke a metal na ya alloys bụ kama elu. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ọla mpempe akwụkwọ nke a size nke 0,6 x 1.5 e inyocha na odika 260 rubles. Na n'ụzọ ziri ezi otú ahụ, n'ihi na àgwà nke ihe onwunwe bụ elu nke ọma.

Ya mere, dara zinc, ya bụ, dị ka a dị mfe umi na-eji:

• mkpuchi megide corrosion na ígwè na ígwè ngwaahịa;
• na batrị;
• ebi akwụkwọ;
• dị ka a na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga na a mkpali na organic njikọ;
• na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè maka iche nke ndị ọzọ na ọla si ngwọta ya.

Zinc oxide na-eji ọ bụghị nanị n'ihi ịchọ mma na ihe mere, nke anyị ekwuola, kamakwa dị ka a dịanyā na roba, dị ka a na-acha ọcha pigmenti na ágbá.

About ebe dị iche iche na zinc salts na-eji, a gwara anyị na-atụle ihe ndị a ogige. O doro anya na n'ozuzu zinc na umi - bụ mkpa ma dị ịrịba na ụlọ ọrụ, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ndị ọzọ ọrụ mmiri, na-enweghị ọtụtụ ndị Filiks ga-ekwe omume ma ọ bụ idiọk egbochi.