Gịnị mere ndị pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol? The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sevastopol. Sevastopol ọnọdụ na USSR

Site Greek Sevastopol pụtara "ama obodo". Nke a na ebe mụtachara ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga. Ya mere, ọbụna narị afọ ise tupu oge Ndị Kraịst, e nwere a Grik - ama obodo nke Hersonissos. Oke nke a na ọnọdụ ahụ bụ n'ihi ndị na-esonụ ihe: na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri chọta ihe adaba n'ọnụ mmiri.

n'ihu mmepe

Otu narị na iri na abụọ afọ tupu oge ndị ji ntinye nke Chersonesus na Pontic-Bosporan ala, na mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke oké alaeze ukwu - Roman. Mgbe ọdịda nke ikpeazụ obodo wee n'okpuru nku nke Byzantium. Hersonissos-adịghị anya wee Byzantine ogidi na-anọchi anya akara center na na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ngwa ngwa o mepụtara ahia na ụlọ ọrụ. Russian isi nụrụ nke Hersonissos, azụ mgbe ọ na-akpọ Korsun (IX-nke Iri na Atọ CC.).

Nke iri na anọ-iri na ise na narị afọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sevastopol ruru a ọhụrụ mgbanwe: obodo meriri ndị Turks na ya furu ya uru, n'ihi na ọ bụ nnọọ mmasị n'ebe ọhụrụ-achị achị. Port obodo ndị ndutịm emmepe, na n'ebe ha e site na ógbè na center nke dịịrị banye na mmiri. Ya mere, Bakhchisaray natara ọnọdụ nke isi obodo nke khans, nke otu dị mkpa bụ AK-ụlọ alakụba (site na 1748 na Simferopol) na Karasubazar. All n'ime ha bụ ndị dị anya site na oké osimiri.

ihe gbanwere

Ekemende, Crimea ghọrọ akụkụ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Na 1783 Catherine II nyere iwu ewu obodo na saịtị nke Akhtiar obodo, nke dị nso ná mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Korsun (Chersonese).

Gịnị mere ndị pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol? Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ebe ọ bụ ya inception ọ keere òkè n'ihe niile isi isi nke Black Sea Fleet. The obodo mgbe nile a oké agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpa.

Afọ anọ mgbe e guzobere ọnọdụ nke Sevastopol akpatre gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ: obodo malitere na-anọchi anya a naval mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na ya na akụkụ nke ọchịchị na ngalaba e zigara Crimea. N'ihi ya, na 1767, e nwere a nkewa nke obodo nke Taurian ebe na ya kalenda ka naval ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mba dị mkpa. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sevastopol nwere ọhụrụ eziokwu: ọ kwagara zuru erubere St. Petersburg na ghọrọ a iche iche ndutịm district. The obodo na-achị naval ochichi. Kwesịrị ịdị, ọ na-ndinọ site St. Petersburg.

Iri abụọ na atọ na February 1804, Eze Ukwu Alexander m nyere iwu na a pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol dị ka isi naval n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Na nke a, a mfe ahịa mmiri ka ha ghara ịbanye ya. Wezụga nanị anabata ikpe ọdachi. Mgbe Ndozi na a chọrọ ka ozugbo ahapụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Iri nke April 1809 e akp ọnọdụ nke a obodo. Sevastopol ghọrọ nwekwara isi wusiri ike nke Black Sea. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ otu ala mkpọlite ọkọlọtọ na Viborg, Kronstadt na Sveavorg.

obi mbibi

Na 1853, ntiwapụ nke Crimea War. Iro na-precipitated Sevastopol - a obodo nke-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri - narị mmadụ atọ na iri anọ ụbọchị itoolu. N'ihi ya, ọ ghọọ mkpọmkpọ ebe, na ya - na dum Black Sea nsoro (ọ mikpuru na wakporo iwu nke Admiral Nakhimov). Na 1856, Crimea War wee njedebe. Peace nke Paris e banyere. Dị ka akwụkwọ, Russia ọzọ machibidoro hazie nsoro na Sevastopol. Ruo mgbe 1871 ọ bụ a ahịa obodo na omenala ojii. Mgbe a kagbuo n'elu nkwekorita uwa Alexander II weghachiri ọnọdụ nke Sevastopol dị ka Central naval mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Alaeze Ukwu na Black Sea. 1875 ji na-ewu ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụzọ gasị ejikọta Sevastopol si St. Petersburg na Moscow. Na 1891, ewu e dechara Vladimir Church, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị wee na nchọpụta nke Chersonesos ngosi nka. Ya mere, site na 1894, obodo kpam kpam weghachiri eweghachi ha ọnọdụ. Naval isi ke Sevastopol nwetaghachiri mbụ ya mkpa. Ebuka admiralty efu: e ewu nke warships nke dị iche iche ọmụmụ (ọbụna battleships).

iche

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na a pụrụ iche uwe nke ogwe aka e mma maka Sevastopol. Ya isi distinguishing mma bụ a doro anya mba ha uru. Ọ dịghị onye nke obodo, n'ógbè ma ọ bụ mpaghara emblem nwere ike ghara ịnya isi. Ya mere, ọ e ẹwụtde ke red ọta (dị ka na isi obodo), n'azu ya - abụọ gafere arịlịka gold agba (dị ka ihe niile nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na obodo ihe atụ, na St. Petersburg). Dị ka emblem a họọrọ Griffin - ka House of Romanov, ma ọ bụghị ọbara ọbara na a silver ubi, ma nke ahụ, na ọ na nrara a akụkọ ihe mere eme kama a ọnyà, ndu ma ọ dynastic inwe. Nke a bụ a nkwenye nke agha-akụkọ ihe mere eme ọnọdụ nke obodo.

Ya mere, gịnị na-pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol, ọbụna n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ na-atụle a ike nke klas nke atọ? Mgbe niile, ọ dị nnọọ ke ezuru chebe onwe dịkwuo gị larịị! N'agbanyeghị bụghị ọgaranya e wusiri ike oru na ngwá maka Russia Sevastopol (obodo square - iri na itoolu na puku hectare) m mgbe niile dị mkpa. Ihe niile na-kọwara nnọọ: ọ bụ nanị isi ihe e wusiri ike na dum Maritime ókè nke dị n'ebe ndịda obodo.

ọhụrụ direction

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ, ihe na ọzọ njem nleta malitere iji na-nwere mmasi na Black Sea. Sevastopol wee malite ịkpa dị ka a ga-eme. Wuru ọtụtụ hotels, ebi ebi ụlọ. Ọ na-emeghe Romanovsky Institute of ahụ ụzọ nke ọgwụgwọ na 1914. Professionals achụsiwo enyoba mmetụta nke Crimea ikuku, apịtị na oké osimiri na-asa ahụ na ụmụ mmadụ ike. Na ndu ebe nlezianya mụọ ihe fauna na osisi nke Black Sea. Mgbe e mesịrị, alụmdi ghọọ a isi nnyocha center. Na ya isi e meghere akwarium mmiri na azu. N'ihi na Russia, ọ bụ novelti.

The revolutionary spirit

Sevastopol adịghị nọgidere aloof si ihe ndị mere na mbụ Russian mgbanwe. Dị ka ị maara, na agha "Potemkin" na June 1905 ji nganga kowe uhie ọkọlọtọ, na November nke afọ a na mmiri nke na Black Sea Fleet, nsogbu edu Lieutenant Schmidt. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe nnupụisi ahụ e-ewute ya, ma ya instigators anya egbu.

n'oge agha

Russia ndidụk First World War ada itie ke 1914. Ke mbubreyo October, na German ugbo agha "Goeben" gbara na Sevastopol. Iro ọgụ na-abụrụ ugbo agha "Georgiy Pobedonosets" na n'ikpere mmiri batrị. Russian Navy, jiri obi ike na-emeri ihe isi ike, a ịga nke ọma agha na mmiri nke Oké Osimiri Ojii.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke ịkpachara anya Ngwuputa nke Bosphorus Strait iro furu efu minelayer, otu narị na iri abụọ na moto na gara schooners, nakwa dị ka iri na otu transports. The n'elu-e kwuru agha "Geben" blown site mines iri na atọ December 1914.

Na ngụkọta, n'oge mbụ World ekele mgbalị nke Black Sea Fleet bibiri Turkish mmiri iri ise na atọ na narị ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ. Na 1915, e gbakwunyere site abụọ battleships, ise squadrons nke nāpunara, isii submarines na abụọ site n'ikuku na seaplanes on board.

A nnukwu ọrụ na ịga nke ọma nke Russian nsoro kenyere ka Admiral Kolchak. O weere iwu nke nsoro na 1916. Admiral ediomi weghara Bosphorus na Istanbul ọgụ, ma echiche ya na-emepụta a mgbanwe ke 1917.

Sevastopol ọnọdụ na USSR

The remnants nke White Army na kpọpụrụ obodo na November 1920. Command usoro were General Wrangel. Ọnụ na agha ekpe Sevastopol na Black Sea Fleet mmiri ikpeazụ. Site na nke a oge na-amalite na Soviet akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo. N'otu oge ahụ gbakee Red Fleet. Ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ arụmọrụ Sevastopol Marine Plant. Ọ rụrụ iwu maka idozi na-ewu ụlọ nke ụgbọ mmiri. Mepụta ọzọ oge a ụgbọ mmiri, Noa agbachitere obodo si n'ikpere mmiri, wuru airfields na n'ikpere mmiri batrị.

Sevastopol ọnọdụ na USSR gbakee. The obodo ọzọ ghọrọ ndị kasị mkpa naval center, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ a na-ewughachi mgbe ahụ mbibi nke ọgụ. Na 1926, ndị Fine Arts Museum na Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri e meghere. Na gburugburu obodo kpụrụ wine ugbo. N'oge ahụ, ndị obodo ahụ bi banyere otu narị puku ndị mmadụ (ọ bụrụ na ị na-agụnye ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri).

Ọzọkwa, agha ...

Ugbua mma-guzobere udo ndụ nke obodo ama etre site na mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Iri abụọ na abụọ na June 1941 ndị bi na Sevastopol hụrụ anọ iro ugbo elu, na-efe efe na a jupụtara n'ọgba aghara mbara igwe. Ọ malitere na ụtụtụ na 3.15 iri na ise nkeji etiti oge. Onye ọ bụla ụgbọelu abụọ na ala magnetik mines igbochi ụzọ ọpụpụ si obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Black Sea Fleet agha zara ogbunigwe ọku nke onye iro. Otu awa tupu mgbe ahụ mmadụ Commissar nke Navy Black Sea Fleet Kuznetsov nyere iwu na-ekwusa arụmọrụ readiness nọmba otu. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ya ọhụụ nke onye iro plan ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu mined si n'ọnụ mmiri na mbibi nke ndị na-egbochi arịa bụ nkụda mmụọ. Na atọ na nke asatọ mines ama esịn egbutu na fairway.

The German iwu kpebiri ọgụ Sevastopol ọzọ. City map na-egosi na nke a nwere ike mere ọbụna si n'ikpere mmiri. Fascist agha ịga nke ọma na-agbasa site na Crimea na September iri anọ na otu. October 29 na nọchibido obodo ahụ, na-esote ụbọchị, ndị agha Germany gbalịrị weghara ya. First zutere onye iro iri-na-anọ batrị nke Black Sea Fleet. Ọ gburu nke iri na otu motorized kọlụm nyere n'iwu site General von Manstein. Fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge ahụ sonyeere Marine Corps agha ngwa ngwa kpụrụ nke-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri si ụgbọ mmiri na cadets nke Naval Academy. Ọ malitere a n'ezie ndị dike na-azara ọnụ nke obodo. Ọ were narị abụọ na iri ise na ụbọchị. Soviet agha guzogideworo mgbali nke onye iro, na-adịghị conceded ala ha.

Mgbe nke a ọdịda nke German High Command malitere atọ ọzọ mgbalị iwere obodo ahu site na November 11, na December 17 na iri anọ na mbụ na iri anọ na abụọ June 7th afọ.

Shasenem - French ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere - ka gbakọọ na na n'oge gara aga iri-na-ise ụbọchị nke 250 ụbọchị nọchibidoro Sevastopol na Germany na-ama esịn ka ukwuu bombs dị ka England na Germany n'ihi na afọ abụọ nke agha ahụ.

Mgbe mmeri nke Crimea n'ihu Nazi na-enwe ike bee niile waterways nke Caucasus na Sevastopol. N'ihi ya, nọchigide obodo ahu ekpe na-enweghị nri. Mgba maka Sevastopol nọ n'ihu Fourth nke July, na n'ebe ụfọdụ - na nke iri na abụọ, ọbụna tupu e Soviet agha abịaghị na njedebe mgbọ. About puku mmadụ iri asaa ọrụ nche, agha na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri e jidere ha n'ihi na ha enweghị ike gbapụ.

Sevastopol agbachitere nwere doro ọchịchị na agha mkpa n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Ihe e mere ka ndị siri alụso? Ha na-egbochi a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke Romanian na German agha, nsogbu n'obi atụmatụ nke onye fasizim iwu. The aha ọjọọ "spring iwe" nke ndị Germany akwusila, gụnyere ekele na obi ike nke Sevastopol. Ha ígwè ikpughe dugara eziokwu na ndị Germany na ahụhụ nnukwu mmadụ na ihe onwunwe weere (akpa ọnwa asatọ nke nnọchibido e bibiri anọ iro tankị, itoolu ugbo elu, ọtụtụ nke ọgụ egbe, puku narị atọ agha merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo). Ke adianade do, ndi-iro-meriri na ijeụkwụ na oge.

Na April, iri anọ na anọ malitere usoro ntọhapụ nke Sevastopol. April iri na ise nke elu akụkụ nke 4th Ukrainian Front jisiri na nzere edoghi nke obodo. Sapun Mountain, nke ghọrọ ebe bụ nke isi ọnọdụ nke German agbachitere, e mee nke asaa agha seaside na 51th ụsụụ ndị agha. Ninth May 1944 e mesịrị wepụtara na obodo. Na Cape Chersonese, Soviet agha were remnants nke Nazi agha.

Ebe ọ bụ na May 1965 Sevastopol - dike City. History gosiri na ọ bụghị n'ihi na ọ dịghị ka ọnọdụ nke a isi e wusiri ike nke mba ihe.

mgbake

Agha biri, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile ule na-gafere site na obodo bi. Sevastopol nwere na-weghachiri eweghachi. Nke a chọrọ iji puku ndị ọrụ. N'agha a fọrọ nke nta ebibi Sevastopol. Photos obodo n'oge ahụ na-akpali ihe egwu: ndị kasị mma ebe mkpọmkpọ ebe. Ọkachamara na-eme atụmatụ na mmebi kpatara ndị Nazi, bụ abụọ na ọkara ijeri rubles! The obodo na-kwụsịrị kpam kpam nkwukọrịta, iga, nkwurịta okwu na usoro. Ọzọkwa, ọgu anọ na iri percent nke ulo nkanka e bibiri. Ọ bụ ihe mwute anya na Sevastopol. Photos of obodo ga-anọgide ruo mgbe ebighị ebi-adị njọ ncheta agha arụrụala.

Mgbe mmeri iro malitere-adịghị ala siri ike na ogbo nke mgbake. The obodo n'oge ahụ anwụghị naanị puku atọ ndị nkịtị. N'elu ya e-atụle ihe mere na pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol. Nyere ozi a, ọ na-aghọ doro anya na mkpebi nke Soviet ọchịchị wughachi obodo nke mbụ.

Ke mbubreyo fifties, malitere ọrụ na guzobe nuclear-agha Navy. New ndị na na nọ nke agha nwalere n'ime Black Sea. Kemgbe ahụ, Black Sea Fleet na njikọ aka nke United agha nke USSR na ọma ebịne mwakpo ọ bụla, na ọ bụghị naanị site na Turkish n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ma na-na Middle East, na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.

Gịnị mere ndị pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ Sevastopol? Mgbe agha, obodo na-aghọkwa ndị kasị ibu ulo oru center. Ya mere, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ na-emepe emepe na-akụ azụ na azụ-nhazi ụlọ ọrụ. Na ndabere nke ngwá-eme "mmiri udu" The osisi na-amị a dịgasị iche iche nke redio na igodo ngwaọrụ. mmiri ọkachamara nke osisi wuru na idozi na ndi nkiti na ndị agha ụgbọ mmiri.

ozi izugbe

Ejima Ọnọdụ Sevastopol - Kronstadt, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Moscow, Kerch, Istanbul na Minsk. Nke a ndepụta a na-emelite site n'oge ruo n'oge. June na-eme ememe kwa afọ nke iri na anọ ụbọchị nke obodo. Sevastopol jupụtara music, na akwado a dịgasị iche iche nke na-eme ememme, ngosi na concerts. Ememe na-enwe maka izu abụọ.

The obodo raara ya kere eke ama na-agụ egwú Alexander Marshall. "Great Russian obodo nke Sevastopol" - na song bụ unofficial ukwe. Ọ pụrụ mgbe mgbe a nụrụ na City Day ememe.

Sevastopol - a mechiri emechi obodo malite na 1939 ruo 1959-nke afọ. N'ihi na afọ iri abụọ, n'ọnụ ụzọ si Yalta na Simferopol nwere ihe pụrụ iche commandant ozi ọnọdụ.

Na August 1991, Crimea na Sevastopol (-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri obodo) kwagara ọhụrụ kwusara onwe ha Republic - Ukraine. The Russian nsoro ike nọdunu n'obodo naanị na naval isi mgbazinye.

Na March 2014 ndị ụlọrụ nọọrọ onwe Republic of Crimea a na-akpọsa a pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ na na ọnyà nke Sevastopol. Nke a na e mere omume site na mba referendum ẹkenịmde aga na ụbọchị. Mgbe otu mkpesa na Russian Federation na accession nke Republic of Crimea Crimea MPs interstate nkwekọrịta e debara aha n'ime Russian Federation. Iri abụọ na ụbọchị nke March, na akwụkwọ e ratified site President nke Russian Federation.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ọbụna a nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sevastopol iji chọpụta ihe ndị mere eme na uru nke obodo.