Jet mmanụ ụgbọala: àgwà a chọrọ

Aviation mmanụ ụgbọala - mmanụ ngwaahịa mmepụta maka ọrụ nke Motors nke dị iche iche nke ikuku iga. Dabere na ndị mejupụtara, akporo na arụmọrụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike ịbụ nke dị iche iche. E nwere ihe abụọ bụ isi: ugboelu mmanụ ụgbọala (ọ na-akpọ ugboelu mmanụ ụgbọala) na avgas.

Onye ọ bụla engine e-ewere n'ime akaụntụ na ojiji nke a akpan akpan mmanụ ụgbọala, nke na-enye ndị dị mkpa ọsọ na pụrụ ịdabere. Ọ bụrụ na mmanụ ụgbọala ojiji, abụghị maka ụdị engine, ọ bụ ike belata ya arụ ọrụ ndụ na ikike e ji mara nke ugbo elu.

Jet mmanụ ụgbọala maka ụgbọ elu

Aviation mmanụ ụgbọala - kerosin maka ugboelu engines - eji-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị ugbo elu. Ọ bụ nke dị iche iche na ụdị. Na mba anyị, anyị na-eji isii dị iche iche, karịsịa na-ahọrọ na-adabere na ọnọdụ na àgwà nke ugbo elu. Ka ihe atụ, na subsonic ụgbọelu na ọdabara kerosin TS-1 nwere nnukwu ego nke sọlfọ na mejupụtara. A supersonic ugbo elu-arụ ọrụ na TC-8 TC-stampụ ma ọ bụ 6. Low-elu ugbo elu na-ịkpatawo na kerosin TS-2.

Kerosin - ụgbọelu ma ọ bụghị naanị

Kerosin kwuru na dị ka ìhè na ụdị mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa. Ọ a mere kpọmkwem distillation ma ọ bụ nke abụọ ejegharịrị. Esi ebe nke ngwaahịa, dabere na ndị mejupụtara, nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 150 na 250 degrees.

Lee ndị isi akporo kerosin:

• Aviation. E kerosin ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala omume dị ka a coolant na achọ engines ka a atụ n'ígwè ngwaahịa maka mmanụ ụgbọala na usoro. Ọ pụtara onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, akpan akpan, na-amụba engine anwụ ngwa ngwa na ala-na-okpomọkụ Njirimara.
• Rọketi sayensị. Iji ụbọchị, manu oku na ọtụtụ-eji dị ka rọketi mmanụ ụgbọala, albeit na ala arụmọrụ. N'ọdịnihu n'ihi nzube a na-eme atụmatụ iji mejuputa ethane ma ọ bụ propane.
• Manufacturing. Kerosin bụ ihe magburu onwe akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke polyethylene na polypropylene, na ndị ọzọ sịntetik ihe.
• Kpo oku. Ná mba ebe e nweghị Central kpo oku usoro, n'ọtụtụ ebe na kerosin. Ọ e ji elu arụmọrụ ọku, oru oma na echekwa eji.
• Ọkụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ-eji ọkụ eletrik, oriọna bụ na-na ọ dịghị eme ọsọ ọsọ na-enye elu na ọnọdụ ha.

Popular ụdị ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala na mba anyị na ná mba ọzọ

On ndị mba ọzọ na ahịa emit ọtụtụ ụdị nke manu maka ụgbọelu. Ha na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site na ịmachi esi ebe site na atụmatụ fractional mejupụtara flash mgbe (e.g., kachasi udu nwere ụgbọelu kerosin maka oké osimiri), na na.

The kasị ewu ewu na ngwaahịa bụ ụgbọelu mmanụ dizel na mma fractional mejupụtara, ọtụtụ-eji obodo ụgbọelu. Ka ihe atụ, ika "Jet A-1". Iji ya izute a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke siri ike chọrọ. Ma na mba na emepe emepe mmanụ ụgbọala chọrọ ọ nweghị usoro.

avgas

Isi akporo nke ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala - pistin ugbo elu engines na helicopters, obere olu. Si ụgbọ ala engines na-ji ndị na-amanye fuel injection usoro, na ya mere ka ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala chọrọ ga ịdịtụ iche.

The mejupụtara agụnye ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala juputara nwalere mmiri nwetara dị ka a N'ihi nke pụrụ iche na usoro. Ka ihe atụ, ekpomeekpo mmanụ ma ọ bụ catalytic ịgbazigharị. The ngwaahịa nwetara site abụọ nhazi, na ọdịnaya nke olefinic hydrocarbons, na-adịghị na ọdabara ke imewe nke ụgbọelu fuels.

Taa, tụnyere ot petrol akara ule maka akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ, ụgbọelu iche na-emepụta ndị dịtụ obere - na 2%. Site n'ụzọ, ụfọdụ ụdị nke engines na ugbo elu na-enwe ike rụọ ọrụ na a ọkọlọtọ mmanụ ụgbọala A-95. Ma, ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ndị ọzọ mụ na qualitative mejupụtara.

Quality kwa nke ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala:

• Detonation kwụsie ike. Kpebisiri mmanụ ụgbọala-air ngwakọta nke mgbanwe mejupụtara.
• The crystallization okpomọkụ - na ala na ọ bụ, na elu àgwà.
• Special fractional mejupụtara.
• Enweghị nọdu bekee ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ ha na kacha nta ego.
• Enweghị sọlfọ ogige ma asịd.
• The elu okpomọkụ nke combustion.
• High mgbochi kụrụ aka Njirimara.
• Magburu onwe nchekwa kwụsie ike.

All ndị a ji mara chọpụta àgwà nke ụgbọelu fuels, na ya mere ntụkwasị obi nke engine.

Nhazi ọkwa nke ụdị na mejupụtara

Mmanụ ụgbọala ụgbọelu engines dịgasị site ọkwa egosi. Ọ bụ nke a criterion bụ maka na ike mepụtara site na engine. Ka ihe atụ, mmanụ ụgbọala B-91/115 nke abụọ nọmba bụ nnọọ ihe na-egosi nke ọkwa, na mbụ - ọ bụ octane nọmba.

N'ụzọ dị iche, moto mmanụ ụgbọala, ụgbọelu na-adịghị kewara na oyi na okpomọkụ iche. Mgbe na-efe efe fọrọ nke nta mgbe otu okpomọkụ, nke na-nta na-emetụta mgbanwe nke oge. Ma ọ bụla ụdị mmanụ dị ụgbọelu tetraethyl mbu ma tinye ihe nditịm mezie ụkpụrụ nke sọlfọ na tar. Iji hụ na achọrọ afọ nke calorific uru na crystallization okpomọkụ nke toluene na-kwukwara, isomerate, pirobenzol na ndị ọzọ na mmiri.

Ọnụnọ nke pụrụ iche nwekwara ihe ndị mejupụtara na agba na-egosi ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ na-adịkarị na-egbuke egbuke-acha odo odo, na-egbuke egbuke green ma ọ bụ oroma.

àgwà ụkpụrụ

Na mba anyị na e nwere kpọmkwem arụmọrụ chọrọ nke ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala. Ke adianade siri nlere gburugburu ebe obibi na ụkpụrụ na nhazi ọkwa nke "Euro", e nwere a pụrụ iche oru ụkpụrụ, usoro iwu chọrọ kpọmkwem maka ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala na dizel ugboelu mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ka ihe atụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala, eji ụgbọelu, na e kwesịghị surfactant, na a chemical umi, ma ọ bụ adị ugbu a na a di ntakiri ego adịghị emetụta arụmọrụ e ji mara. Ọ ga-enweta a elu iguzogide ọxịdashọn. Na-anara ya mejupụtara ọdịnaya nke tetraethyl ndú. Na mmanụ ụgbọala arụmọrụ ọkwa nke na-erughị 130 na-ekwe ka tinye a-acha anụnụ anụnụ e ji esiji ákwà.

The ugboelu mmanụ ụgbọala kwesịrị adịghị dị ka mmiri, sọlfọ, nọdu umi. Nditịm usoro crystallization okpomọkụ na kinematic viscosity, nke nwere ike ịdị iche n'etiti engines nke ugbo elu na subsonic na supersonic gbapụrụ ọsọ.

Banyere akporo ojiji, ụgbọelu mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji naanị na ugbo elu engines. The ojiji ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ọ na-machibidoro.