Kizhi mbarauka. Karelia: nkiri

Gịnị Russian adịghị anụ ihe Kizhi mbarauka Kizhi? N'ezie, otu ugboro e maara na nwata mkpakọrịta: a pụrụ iche ngosi nka nke oru ugbo na omenala nke Russian North, mgbagwoju nke mbụ Russian log ụka, onye mgbidi na-rụrụ enweghị mbọ. The pụrụ iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Church nke XVIII narị afọ, wuru na agwaetiti nke osisi, a na-ewere na ihe onwunwe nke World Cultural Heritage site UNESCO ibiere. Ọ ga-kwetara na na Russia ebe ọzọ nọgidere nnọọ ịrịba ama ụlọ, ọrụ nke mpako na osisi ije (ezie na ọ ka na XIX narị afọ ha dị nnọọ ọtụtụ).

Characteristically, ndị mmadụ agụghị oké maara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Karelia, aha nke ihe ngosi nka, dị ka a na-achị, na-anya. "Olee ebe okwu mbarauka?" - jụrụ a nwa okorobịa, ya na nkwanye ùgwù na-ewere osisi arched Ọnụ ụzọ, ribbed log mgbidi, ebube scaly dome. "Ma ọ bụghị na ya!" - gwara ha, sị Zhvanetskogo. Nke a bụ ihe mbụ ochie Russian uche nke oge ochie okwu. Na Karelia na nke Iri na Atọ - XV narị afọ, dị ka mgbe a na-akpọ ka ihe ndutịm center, spontaneously, ghọrọ usoro na ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ narị gburugburu obodo. Ma ọ bụ a ọdịnaya kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ dị ka a center nke Kizhi ọtụtụ Spassky Kizhi.

Ọzọkwa, n'elu-e kwuru echiche nke mmalite nke obere na-agbanwe ya mbụ pụtara. Ọ na-"gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ" dị ka a mara na a nnukwu obodo nta (bụchaghị ndutịm center, ma na ya chọọchị ahụ na-eli ozu.) Ọ bụ naanị kemgbe njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ ọ ghọrọ a owu na-ama chọọchị na a na-eli ozu na-esote ya.

Kizhi - onu nke mba, obodo

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi, Kizhi Pogost banyere 130 n'otu gburugburu niile. Ọzọkwa, ndị kasị ibu nke ha - Velikaya Guba, Kosmozero, Sennaya Guba, Tipinitsy - na ugbu a na-arụsi ọrụ niile. Ndị dị otú ahụ mere ihe akụkọ na-obodo-ọgaranya ugbu a Karelia. Nkiri nke obodo ije - karịsịa ndị ike. Up na XVIII narị afọ na nke a ụwa e mere mkpebi na-ewu na-adịghị na-achị ọchịchị na obodo, akụkụ nke nke bụ ahịa - na isi patrons. The kacha mma omenkà e maka owuwu nke ụlọ nsọ ndị ha na-egosi obi ike na obodo nta. Ha bụ ndị, dị ka a na-achị, ndị mmadụ "na-echiche nke" na aha na-ewu na-ewu ka ọ bụrụ na na-abụ abụ a song. Naanị nzube ha na-adịghị mma site juri ma ọ bụ ọ bụla nkedo. Ọ dịghị, ha nwere ike na ndị ọzọ bara uru: nkwanye ùgwù maka ihe ndị mmadụ, unmistakable marking kasị kwesịrị ekwesị. Oge a - ogbo nke "obodo ije" - ị nwere ike na-akpọ okooko nke Russian osisi ije.

Pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke Karelia

Pụrụ iche Okirikiri ma ikpọ mma ma ama Karelia. Adọrọ Mmasị nke ebe a na-ọma mara. The obodo ọdịdị nke oku na iguzosi ike ọdọ-n'oké ọhịa. Apịtị na-etolite site na obodo nkume n'ala. Domain Karelia bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama na Europe ọdọ mmiri - Ladoga na mpaghara 17 700 km Iru ² na Onezhskoye (9900 m ^2).

Erughị 70 kilomita site isi obodo ya, ndị obodo nke Petrozavodsk, nāra miri site na miri nke Lake Onega, bụ agwaetiti nke Kizhi (ochie Russian "Kizhi" pụtara "iri oriri".) The n'obodo nta dị nso na ụzọ ndị ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngosi nka, geographically metụtara Medvezhegorsk p-ọma, - obodo Velikaya Guba.

Mmadụ Bịa na Kizhi!

Kwa ụbọchị, na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngosi nka bụ na-emeghe ka ndị niile na-achọ inwere ileta ya na okpomọkụ si na asatọ asatọ, na oyi - si 10 ⁰⁰ 16 ^00. Kemgbe ụwa, n'àgwàetiti Kizhi nwere ike na-akpọ a òtù nzuzo ebe, nke e ji mee ihe maka eziga ezumike nke Christian n'ememe. E na-aga ememe ndị nkịtị, na mgbe ahụ haziri ememe ndị ahụ.

Àgwàetiti ọdịdị nke a pụrụ iche mgbakwunye na ọrụ nke ụmụ mmadụ aka, maa mma ọbịa intricacies nke nkume agwaetiti na-acha anụnụ anụnụ gulfs n'etiti ha. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-eji nkewa ọrụ, ị pụrụ ịhụ: Kizhi na map nke Russia na-adịghị jikọọ na Chile site ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, àgwàetiti, ekele mmiri iga bụ dị ọtụtụ ebe. Ọtụtụ narị puku ndị Russian na mba ọzọ na-eme njem nleta kwa afọ nleta a magburu onwe ebe. Site n'ụzọ, na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju nke Kizhi bụ nke mbụ ghe oghe ngosi nka, mepere Russia.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi na a moto-ship nrughari si St. Petersburg ka isi obodo nke oge ochie ije, n'àgwàetiti Kizhi kaadị ị ga-enweta a onyinye. Si May ka December, na ebe a na i nwere ike inwe na "meteor" na "comets", si Petrozavodsk na Water Station.

Navigation n'etiti ndị njem nleta si n'elu egbugbere ọnụ (nke nwere ike ahụ bụ ụgbọala) ọkọnọ ụgbọ mmiri oru buu igba n'ulo. Obi ụtọ otu vnenavigatsionny n'oge oge mgbe ọdọ na-oyi kpọnwụrụ, na-aga ski, na osisi na njem - nkịta sledding.

Russian ọbịa

Na-erute na agwaetiti, ọbịa na-enwe ike ịhọrọ otu n'ime atọ abụọ-hour njem mmụta. The mbụ - na isi ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju (obere gburugburu). The echiche bụ inyocha nke abụọ Russian na Karelian ndiife osisi ije (nnukwu gburugburu). The atọ na-ewebata na obodo nta nke agwaetiti ahụ. atọ ngosi nyiwe "Pryazhinskoye Karelia", "Russian Zaonezhye", "Russian Pudozh" dozie na mpaghara na obodo nta. The akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo nta nke Fossa na Vasilyevo nwekwara nwere pụrụ iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu.

Administration nke ngosi nka hazikwara ọtụtụ ọzọ nyochaa, mmekọrịta, thematic tours maka ọbịa nke niile Kizhi. Architecture, n'ezie, bụ isi mma maka mpaghara njem na, ma ọ bụghị naanị Russian, kamakwa site ná mba ọzọ. Na mberede, ndị okpukpe oge ochie ụlọ nke agwaetiti ahụ, malite na nke 50-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, a gbakwunyere weghachiri eweghachi na reconstructed log ụlọ dị mkpa maka ilekọta. Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na nke isi ngosi, ọbịa nwere ike ịhụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke a wee ebe n'àgwàetiti ime mmụọ na ụba na ndụ ndị nkịtị. N'ihi na a miri amaba ndụ nke Russian obodo na Asaa - XVIII narị afọ, ihe ngosi nka-idobere ochichi haziri "Days of crafts, mpako na fun na egwuregwu" na-eme akụkọ ifo na-ethnographic nkiri, handicrafts ngosi, na na na njedebe nke oge okpomọkụ amalite Kizhi regatta.

Ndị mmadụ osisi ije - nketa nke Karelia

Kizhi bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu Russia ụkpụrụ ụlọ nche-ebe, bụ nnọọ mpako nke Karelia. Adọrọ Mmasị Russian ndiife ije nke na mpaghara a, Otú ọ dị, na-adịghị kpebisie ike naanị site na kwuru ikpughe; ebe a na ha na-na-na-anọchi anya n'àgwàetiti Lake Ladoga (Valaam Obibi). Ya ozugbo gara Russian eze ukwu. E gara Alexander Dumas. Ọtụtụ nke oké Russian nka (Vasiliev, Kuinzhi Shishkin), na-ede uri na ndị dere (Tiutchev, Leskov, Shmelev) hụrụ n'ike mmụọ nsọ ebe a. Na nkenke, Karelia map na nlegharị anya (ma ọ bụghị naanị ije - e nwekwara ọdịdị mee na n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba) ga-enyere ndị njem ha ịhọrọ akpali omume.

ụka ensemble

Ma azụ isi isiokwu nke a n'isiokwu a. Ịpụ iche nke Kizhi kpebisiri ike site ụwa nanị ọtụtụ-domed Nnwogha Church, wuru na omenala ụzọ Russia - enweghị otu ntu. N'akụkụ ya ịrụ ọrụ na oyi (ugwu mgbe niile) bụ ihe ọzọ mnogokupolny temple, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, - Church nke Ịrịọchite nke Virgin. The atọ kasị mkpa ụlọ nke ebube ensemble bụ belfry Kizhi. Around atọ ndị a akpọkwa Russian ndiife ije ugbu a weghachiri nsu, ma ọ bụghị mere nke ndekọ, dị ka ọ bụ na mbụ, na nke boulders.

Mere elu dị ike ngere bụ ihe dị oké mkpa mkpa nke ókè-ala na Sweden Russian eli. A otu usoro na n'elu ụlọ bụ ndị ọzọ nche ụlọ nche - ụlọ ekpere nke agwaetiti nke Kizhi, emi odude na iconic ebe gburugburu agwaetiti enyemaka.

Legend nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Nestor

Akụkọ banyere nke a dị ịtụnanya lacy ije nke osisi ka chọrọ na-amalite na a akụkọ. Mgbe Kizhi Pogost - a n'ala akụkọ na-emeghị, otu onye nke mere ka anyị a onye nke ịrịba ama talent, ike ezigbo mmadụ mere ọrụ ebube - ihe ịtụnanya 22-domed chọọchị. Anyị nwere oge ochie na-ewu ụlọ ka wulite ya, ma ọ bụ na "ebube ezinụlọ osisi", ọ dịghị obodo ọnọdụ. Eyi miri emi na narị afọ na ha biographies na aha. Ma, aha nke ihe ijuanya Russian nwe Nestor ka extant.

Dị ka na-ewu ewu akụkọ mgbe, ọ kọwara na ọnọdụ maka owuwu nke Church of nnwogha ahụ, na-eleghara na-ebu site na ya gwara ala n'etiti ogwu junipa. Ebe a prolamyvayas site ogwu (dị omimi creativity), gafere ọtụtụ Kizhi mbarauka, ọ chọpụtara akwụkwọ nsọ, na-agụ a rụrụ ehihie na abalị.

Na ụzarị nke ọwụwa anyanwụ ukwu, na-achọ si n'akwụkwọ peeji nke na n'etiti ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke igirigi n'elu ahịhịa picture hụrụ ọdịnihu nke ụka ... mgbe ahụ mara ọkwa dị ka gbajie: "Building a ga-enwe!"

Mgbe ọrụ ebube na-na chọọchị e wuru si akpan njikere mbadamba pine, spruce, Aspen, n'ejighị mbọ, enwe mmasị n'ebe Nestor mere a aru-eme ihe, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eru a akara enwetara professionalism. On na Iv nke nmeju-aka nke ha na ụmụ ha rigoro dome ya kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na-nsọ anyụike, anya Kizhi mbarauka, kegide na cross-acha uhie uhie rịbọn. Mgbe ahụ, ọ tụbara anyụike n'ime ọdọ na akpọ na Church of nnwogha - kasị mara mma temple ke ererimbot, na dị ka ọ ga-eme. N'ọdịnihu, ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọzọ n'ụlọ nsọ na-adịghị wuru, n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ arịrịọ. Ya mere, o kpebiri - na-esi pụọ ọrụ a dị nnọọ elu dee. Ọ bụghị ya ga-emezu Master?

ụka nke nnwogha

Nke a 37 mita temple, tọrọ ntọala na 1714, na nkewa dị ka a EBIONITISM octagonal chọọchị. Ọ e wuru iji dochie osisi ụka ụzọ, nsure site àmụmà. Ahịhịa nke ụlọ bụ "octagon" - asatọ-kwadoro log ụlọ na anọ onu, na-atụ niile ntụziaka. On top nke ala "octagon" na-etinye ihe abụọ ọzọ, ma nta n'obosara. The ala etiti emi odude ke oge ochie ntọala - nkume Zabirko. N'èzí nkuku e bee "na oblo" n'ime - "ubọk" nke pine. Mma ogè nakwa "gbọmgbọm" dome nke isi na-mere nke Aspen. All nke a - na obodo osisi na umu-eto eto n'àgwàetiti Kizhi. Karelia bụkwa mma pụrụ iche iconography "Northern Letters". Na nke a Usoro, a ụzọ nke mbụ oyiyi Preobrazhenskaya Church ( "Cover" na "Mgbanwe», na Asaa afọ) bụ onye mbụ mma ịchụàjà, emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ịkpụ site na-enwe a udi nke a Pentagon. Ọ - The anọ na ọgu chọrọ mma na abụọ akara ngosi.

The refectory nke a log ụlọ bụ n'akụkụ aka isi ụlọ. Bee site n'elu ụlọ na octagons mma na iri abụọ na abụọ isi. The ndekọ nke ụlọ a maara ọ bụla nwa amaala nke Republic of Karelia. Kizhi Island bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị spiritualized nke a na chọọchị, bụ dokwara mara mma si n'akụkụ niile.

Church nke Ịrịọchite nke Virgin oyi

Nke a temple e wuru na a ọkara narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, soro uwe nnwogha Church - na 1764. Echiche nke ya na-ewu - anọgide na Ọtọdọks ọrụ okirikiri na oyi oge (ụka heatable). Ya ụlọ e wuru site na-ewu ewu architects dị ka a eke ndọtị nke ije okpomọkụ chọọchị. Ọ mnogokupolna asatọ nke ya isi na-emi odude gburugburu itoolu, isi. Otú ọ dị, ya niile ụdị na-chere na chọọchị - ihe owuwu echiche nke nnwogha. Ya nnọọ aghụghọ ọcha ọ bụ nanị na nke abụọ na-emesi ịpụ iche nke na-achị ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju.

Nke a na chọọchị na Kizhi agwaetiti wuru na a ọzọ pragmatic na mfe ndozi. Ọ decorates ikekwe naanị gables belt enwe a toothed Ọdịdị.

Ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ nsọ bụ omenala dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, karị, ebe ịchụàjà - n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na-gụnyere ke akpa akụkụ, na mgbe ahụ na refectory. Nzube nke ime ụlọ a bụ a iche iche maka ebe adịghị mkparịta ụka ọgbakọ nke ịpị akụ na ụba na ihe ndị ọzọ, nwere ike ikpuchi a dị ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. Ebe e nwere ndị juri ọnwụnwa, kwughachiri eze iwu. Nke a na-soro na, n'eziokwu, na ụlọ ya a temple, raara iji mezuo ekpere ọrụ - a uka. Ọ - kasị saa mbara, sara mbara, ya olu a kpụrụ site etiti, ejikọrọ dị ka atụmatụ n'okpuru - "nkata", na top - "octagon". Ọ na-onwem na tyablovym iconostasis. Ebe ịchụàjà a kwadebere dị ka nke anọ kasị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ụlọ. Ọ bụ a pentagonal etiti, n'oge nke ịdị elu e wuru elongated Ọdịdị - a gbọmgbọm, agwụcha nke itoolu isi nke Church nke Ịrịọchite nke Virgin. All windo nke ụlọ nsọ dị n'ebe: na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ na ebe ịchụàjà - abụọ; na uka na refectory - anọ (n'ihi eke ọkụ). The ime nke site-mma propyl eri, Central mmewere nke nke - Orthodox cross.

belfry

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Kizhi na-n'otu complemented ọzọ na a atọ ụlọ - hipped mgbịrịgba elu. Na-akwọ ụgbọala ya bụ omenala maka owuwu nke osisi ije: ala "nkata" top "octagon". Atọ tiers (site yitewere) kewara ekewa site ya esịtidem Ọdịdị. "Chetverik" bee site n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda ụzọ, onye ọ bụla n'ụzọ na a owuwu ụzọ mbata. Si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, e nwere arched psevdoportaly, ugboro n'ụdị eme. The ala EBIONITISM, "nkata", a na-ekewa Itie, pyatimarshevuyu steepụ na kaboodu. N'elu "octagon" bụ mgbịrịgba elu, n'ime nke - 9 ogidi. The ụlọ a na-anyanya a cupola Ploughshare Orthodox cross on top.

Ugbu mweghachi

Kizhi mbarauka now n'ịnwụ mweghachi, raara nye tercentenary nnwogha Church, na-eme ememe na 2014. Site na nke oge a rụrụ banyere 70% nke oru ngo. Akwụsị ya na-zubere na 3-4 afọ. -Eduzi ụkpụrụ ụlọ center "Zaonezhie" na-amị ọrụ Vitaly Skopin. Ọnụ na ọrụ a na-mîdaha ọkwá nkà Center ngosi nka na St. Petersburg ụlọ ọrụ "ALEKON". N'afọ gara aga, UNESCO Commission, rutere na saịtị nke ọrụ ma too ha àgwà, na-eru eru ya dị ka mba na sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na-arụ ọrụ.

Na mbụ chọọchị sikwuo ike site a metal eku. Gịnị na, n'eziokwu, zọpụta ya n'aka mbibi. Ná mmalite, na-ewu ụlọ nwere ike ntọala na ala mpaghara, nnukwu, n'ihi na ha larịị bụ refectory. Dị ugbu a, ọrụ a rụrụ na-anọ na ise na-etoju. Builders ikekwe ejigide akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndekọ, dochie a ọhụrụ ntụpọ ka a N'ihi nke ire ere ma ọ bụ olulu. E nwere nanị 35%, nke pụtara na e weghachiri eweghachi Church of nnwogha na 65% ga-iso nke akụkọ ihe mere eme osisi.

ọgwụgwụ

The oge ochie center nke Spassky Kizhi, emi odude a pụtara kọmpat Kizhi agwaetiti, ugbu a na-aga site a na-adọ nke revival. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ na-eto eto oha nke dị mkpa na-echebekwa ndị continuity nke akụkọ ihe mere eme-nketa, na ọgwụgwụ, ya mgbọrọgwụ.

Olee otú ike Zaonezhye ime mmụọ, omume ọma nke ndị na-ebi na ya? N'ezie, na akara na okike mmepeanya na-akpata, nke e mesịrị na-akpọ oké Pushkin laconically - "Russian spirit".
Ọ bụ ya na-site na pụrụ iche na-ahụ-anya nke mpako na art, nke na-egosi ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke osisi ije, mma n'àgwàetiti Kizhi (foto mmasị).