Kol: guzobe ego na ya. The uru nke coal na ndị ụlọ ọrụ

Mikhail Lomonosov, ama Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị nke narị afọ nke 18, ọbụna ndị ochie, nyere a definition nke otú o bilie minerals ke uwa. Ya bụ, nke residues nke osisi, dị ka peat na coal wee ebe. Akwụkwọ, dị ka Lomonosov, bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe. Firstly, foduru nke rekasịrịla ahịhịa na-enweghị "free ikuku" (ie enweghị free oxygen). Nke abuo, o ọnọde a elu ezuru okpomọkụ. Na nke atọ, ọ na-egwuri a ọrụ, "ibu nke ụlọ", ie elu nkume nsogbu. Ọ mere na n'oge ochie, mgbe mmadu na-adị na mbara Ụwa.

Mgbe ochie

Na nke ọ bụla, ihe mere eme nke guzobere coal - ọ bụ ndị dị otú ahụ n'oge na oge a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike na-eche na echiche, na-akọwa usoro. Ma taa, ọ na-mụtara pụtara n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Na usoro nke otú e coal (guzobe ya mbido ihe), na-mara sayensị.

si peat

Waste nke elu osisi na-nwayọọ nwayọọ converted n'ime peat uka anakọtara na ala mmiri na ndị ọzọ na tojuru osisi, nke nta nke nta n'anya n'ime ogbu. Mgbe na omimi, peat bogs-agbanwe mgbe nile ha chemical mejupụtara (ihe mgbagwoju ogige na-converted n'ime mfe, ezumike). Part nke ha na-etisasịwo na mmiri saa, na akụkụ na-aga n'ime a gaseous ala. N'ihi ya na-ebilite na methane na carbon dioxide na swamps, na-enye a mara isi na ndị a ikuku gbahapụrụ ebe. Otu ihe dị mkpa ọrụ usoro a na-ebu dịkwa ka usoro ha na bacteria na-akwalite n'ihu decomposition nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ osisi anụ ahụ.

hydrocarbons

N'ime oge ahụ, usoro nke mgbanwe aa na peat akwakọba carbonized kasị mụ njikọ. Ma ebe ọ bụ niile hydrocarbon saturation nke peat uka a rụrụ fọrọ enweghị ohere oxygen, carbon amama n'ime gas na-adịghị volatilized. Nweghị emee si ohere nke ikuku na n'otu oge saturation nke amplification mmetụta nke mgbali: si peat coal emee. akwụkwọ dịruru ọtụtụ narị puku afọ, a na usoro bụghị ngwa ngwa! Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ihe nke ugbu a mee na coal seams pụtara na Paleozoic, ie ihe karịrị 300 nde afọ gara aga.

Nke a bụ na-akpali: ihe bụ di iche iche nke coal?

• The kasị friable na-ntà nile di iche iche - lignite (nke pụtara "osisi"). Ọ bụ ka anya residues akwukwo nri pụta osisi. Onwere, lignite - a Original Mix peat.
• Brown coal ụdị a kpụrụ na formations na a siri ike decomposition nke akwukwo nri residues site arọ. Ọ na-adị, na-emekarị ka a omimi nke otu kilometa. Ọ bụ ka ukwuu mmiri mmiri (40%). Ọ bụ mara nke ọma anya, kama, ọ na-enye a obere ego nke okpomọkụ.
• Iji a omimi nke atọ kilomita nke coal na-hụrụ na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa. Akwụkwọ si aja aja mmanu ndi mere onwe umu pụtara nanị n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ: mgbe n'ígwé ala miri n'ígwé, na bụ usoro nke ugwu ụlọ. E, n'okpuru elu nsogbu na-enweghị oxygen ohere, enwezu mgbanwe site onye nta ọzọ. Dị otú ahụ coal nwere ya mejupụtara ihe karịrị 75% carbon, asakde mma na-enye ohere ọzọ okpomọkụ.
• Anthracite - Kol Mining okenye nkume. Ọ na-na a omimi nke elu ise kilomita. Ọ bụ ka ọzọ ọzọ carbon na obere mmiri (fọrọ bụghị mgbe niile). Ọ amụnyewo ọma, ma okpomọkụ bụ ndị kasị elu nke nile di iche iche. The Anthracite foduru nke osisi site na nke ọ malitere, bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta. Dị otú ahụ coal a na-ewere ndị kasị ekwe na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ.

Ma, nke ahụ ọ bụghị ihe niile!

Nature na-ewekarị nke mere na Anthracite, ya onwe ya kasị oké coal na kasị elu carbon ọdịnaya (n'elu 95 percent) bụghị ikpeazụ ogbo nke mgbanwe na-ewere ọnọdụ na residues nke osisi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Shungit - a umi nke na-emepụta site na coal na ọbụna ihe siri ike ọnọdụ. Graphite pụtara na okpomọkụ si na otu ihe. Ma ọ bụrụ na anyị tinye nwekwara ibu-elu nsogbu, na diamond na-kpụrụ, ọtụtụ inogide umi nwere ma ulo oru na nkà uru mmadụ niile.

Ma anyị aghaghị icheta na n'agbanyeghị otú iju, a niile yiri dị iche iche bekee - si osisi diamonds - mere nke carbon ihe onwunwe, na na dị iche iche owuwu na molekụla larịị!

Guzobere na uru nke coal

Ọ gaghị ekwe omume overestimate mkpa nke coal maka ụlọ ọrụ na maka dum nke ụmụ mmadụ na omenala na Earth. Ma, ya akporo bụ nnọọ mbara. Ọ bụghị banyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na coal - bụ ihe magburu onwe mmanụ ụgbọala, na-eji maka anụ ụlọ kpo oku, ọkụ ite-ọku uku na ụlọ ọrụ, ike ọgbọ si coal ka na mined, na a otutu stof na ndị mmadụ mkpa. Sọlfọ na vanadium, zinc na-edu ndú, germanium - niile a na-enye umu mmadu bụ mineral.

Kol a na-eji agbazekwa metal, ígwè, igba ígwè. Ngwaahịa nke coal combustion - ke imewe nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ihe. Ọ bụrụ na pụrụ iche ọgwụgwọ mmanu ndi mere onwe benzene kwadebere na ya, nke na-eji na imewe nke varnishes na solvents, dị na-ewu ihe onwunwe dị ka linoleum. Nke pụrụ iche gasị coal teknụzụ mkpụrụ nke mmiri mmiri mmanụ ụgbọala maka ígwè. Kol bụ akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke graphite, ulo oru diamonds, ma naanị na ndabere nke a eke ihe arụpụtara karịa anọ na ngwaahịa na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ngalaba ulo oru.

Natural sayensị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ: coal guzobere

Maka ụmụaka site agafe mkpa isiokwu n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na ihe inweta ụdị ikwu okwu banyere coal guzobere ke uwa. Ọ ga-akọ otú oge ka nke a na usoro. N'ịkọwa coal guzobere mkpụmkpụ, ị kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'ihe ọ pụtara maka ulo oru mmepe na-enwe ọganihu na dịkọrọ ndụ na akụkọ ihe mere ọnọdụ, ka a plan posts, nke ga-eme ka ụmụ akwụkwọ onwe ha.