Krebs okirikiri - isi nkebi nke na pụtara n'ihi na ndu usoro

Otutu nke carbon chemical ume wepụtara n'okpuru aerobic ọnọdụ metụtara oxygen. The Krebs okirikiri a na-akpọ ndị citric acid okirikiri, ma ọ bụ cell respiration. Na nyopụta onye Jeremaya mere nke usoro e gara site ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị: A. Szent-Gyorgyi, A. Lehninger, X. The Krebs okirikiri bụ aha e nyere, Ghaat Severin na ndị ọzọ.

N'agbata aerobic na anaerobic mmebi nke carbohydrates e a nso correlative mmekọrịta. Mbụ niile, ọ na-kwupụtara ọnụnọ nke pyruvic acid, nke na-dechara anaerobic mgbaze nke carbohydrates na-amalite cellular respiration (Krebs okirikiri). Ma n'ụzọ na-catalyzed site n'otu enzyme. The chemical ike nke phosphorylation, Ẹnịm ka macroergs ATP. The chemical Jeremaya mere aka bụ otu coenzymes (nad, NADP) na cations. The iche iche ndị dị ka ndị: ma ọ bụrụ na anaerobic mmebi nke carbohydrates predominantly metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na hyaloplasm, na cellular respiration Jeremaya mere ime tumadi na mitochondria.

N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ e nwere ihe megide n'etiti abụọ n'ụzọ. N'ihi ya, ọnụnọ nke oxygen mmeghachi omume ọnụego nke glycolysis mbelata sharply (Pasteur mmetụta). glycolysis ngwaahịa nwere ike inhibit aerobic metabolism nke carbohydrates (Crabtree mmetụta).

The Krebs okirikiri bụ a usoro nke chemical Jeremaya mere n'ihi na omume rụrụ arụ ndị na ngwaahịa nke carbohydrates na-oxidized na carbon dioxide na mmiri, na chemical ume-akwakọba na ume-ọgaranya ogige. N'oge cellular respiration na-emepụta "ụgbọelu" - oxaloacetic acid (SCHOK). Ekemende odide na "ụgbọelu" ọrụ fọduru acetic acid. E tricarboxylic acid - citric. N'oge chemical Jeremaya mere, e nwere a "uzo" fọduru na acetic acid okirikiri. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla molekul nke pyruvic acid a kpụrụ iri na asatọ na ụmụ irighiri adenozintrifosfatnoy acid. Ná ngwụsị nke okirikiri ya a tọhapụrụ "ụgbọelu", nke mkpatụ na ọhụrụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-arụ ọrụ fọduru acetic acid.

Krebs okirikiri mmeghachi omume

Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke anaerobic mgbaze nke carbohydrates bụ lactic acid, n'okpuru nduzi nke lactate dehydrogenase na-oxidized na pyruvic acid. Part nke ụmụ irighiri nke pyruvic acid bụ njikọ nke "ụgbọelu" SCHOK mmetụta pyruvate carboxylase enzyme na ọnụnọ nke Mg2 + ion. Part pyruvic acid ụmụ irighiri bụ isi iyi nke ihe "ifịk ifịk acetate" - atsetilkoenzima A (acetyl-CoA). The mmeghachi omume a rụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA nwere ike nkekọ, nke accumulates gburugburu 5-7% nke ike. Otutu chemical ike emepụta site ọxịdashọn nke "ifịk ifịk acetate".

Mmetụta tsitratsintetazy amalite arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị Krebs okirikiri, nke na-eduga ná guzobe citrate acid. Nke a acid a na-enwe mmetụta akonitat hydratase dehydrogenated na tọghatara n'ime CIS-aconitic acid na mgbe na mgbakwunye na nke mmiri molekul na-aga n'ime isocitric. N'etiti atọ tricarboxylic asịd ike ịha na-ike.

Isocitric acid a na oxidized na oxalosuccinic, nke a na decarboxylated na ghọrọ ka Alfa-ketoglutaric acid. The mmeghachi omume na-catalyzed site enzyme isocitrate. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid n'okpuru nduzi nke enzyme 2-oxo- (Alfa-keto) -glutaratdegidrogenazy decarboxylated, dapụtara na e guzobere succinyl-CoA gụnyere ike nkekọ.

Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ succinyl-CoA site enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase Site n'ibu ike nkekọ GDF (guanozindifosfatnoy acid). GTP (guanozintrifosfatnaya acid) n'okpuru nduzi nke enzyme adenylate eziga GTP-ike nkekọ IGBOB (adenozinmonofosfatnoy acid). Krebs okirikiri: usoro - GTP + IGBOB - GDP + ADP.

Succinic acid n'okpuru ihe nke enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (LDH) na oxidized na fumaric. SDG coenzyme na-flavin ebe adenin dinucleotide. Fumarate mmetụta fumaratgidratazy enzyme converted n'ime malic acid, nke n'aka nke na-oxidized na-etolite SCHOK. Na ọnụnọ nke omume usoro acetyl-CoA SCHOK ọzọ gụnyere ke tricarboxylic acid okirikiri.

Ya mere, otu molekul nke glucose na-kpụrụ 38 ụmụ irighiri nke ATP (abụọ - ruru ka anaerobic glycolysis, isii - dị ka a n'ihi nke ọxịdashọn nke abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke nad · H + H +, nke na-guzobere n'oge glycolytic oksireduktsii na 30 - n'ihi TCA). CTLs arụmọrụ nke 0,5. The ike nke ume agamevu ka okpomọkụ. The TCA na-oxidized 16-33% lactate acid, na ike nke ya uka bụ na resynthesis nke glycogen.