Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: biography, na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ

Semenov Nikolai - mara Soviet Chemical, nke bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Chemical Physics. Ọzọkwa, anyị na dike bụ academician nke Academy nke Sciences nke USSR.

tọrọ afọ

N'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ na Russian obodo nke Saratov na April 1896. Nicholas gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Saratov ezigbo ụlọ akwụkwọ na 1913, na aha-ya ba na gold osisi. Mgbe ọzụzụ, Ihọd zutere Vladimir Karmilovym - onye nkụzi ya na enyi. Ọ bụ ya na-akwado Semenov ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ịrara ndụ ya nye sayensị. Ha na enyi, ha na-ebu site na afọ. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1913, Semenov Nikolai abịarute Petrograd University dị na Physics na Mathematics Faculty. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Semenov bụ a agha nwoke na chere na nwa-ya nwekwara ịrara onwe m nye ọrụ a. Mgbe ọ banyere mahadum, enwere a gbawara n'etiti na ndị ezinụlọ, nke e kere ọtụtụ afọ. Malite site n'afọ nke abụọ nke na-amụ, nwa okorobịa ghọrọ ndị dị oké njọ nnyocha n'okpuru nduzi nke A. Joffe. O dekwara ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ banyere atọm na ụmụ irighiri. Na 1917 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum na natara a ubre nke akpa ntaifiọk. Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich ịnọgide na ụlọ akwụkwọ, banyere professorial ibe (dịkọrọ ndụ post-gụsịrị akwụkwọ).

ụlọ ọrụ

Biography Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha na-eme ka ọhụrụ n'aka mgbe ọ na 1918 gaa Samara ileta ndị mụrụ ya. Bịarutere n'ebe ahụ, ọ na-achọpụta a nnupụisi nke Czechoslovak agha. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1918, ndị ọchịchị na Samara jide SRs. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Nicholas na-akpọ na-a ọrụ afọ ofufo soja na ndị agha nke White Nche. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-eje ozi naanị izu atọ onyeisi ogbunigwe batrị. Ndị dị otú ahụ a obere ndụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ozi ọma bịara n'oge na-adịghị na nna ya bụ oké ọrịa. The nwa okorobịa nwetara ahapụ, ma nna ya nwụrụ obere oge.

Tomsk

Mgbe ahụ, Nicholas kpebiri ịlaghachi ebe ọgụ, ma gbahapụrụ wee gaa Tomsk, nke bụ kacha nso campus. Odika afọ abụọ nke ndụ ya nọrọ ebe a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na Mahadum na Institute of Technology. Otú ọ dị, site na oge, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chịkọtara na Kolchak agha. Ọ bụ ya bụ ihe ogbunigwe battalion, ma anya, e zigara radiobatalon ekele na mkpebi siri ọrụ ibe ya. Mgbe ahụ, na ọ bụ ike ịnọgide na-amụ ihe na Institute of Technology. Na oyi 1919 obodo jide Red Army. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Semenov e chụọ n'ọrụ, mgbe nke ọ nọgidere na ya nnyocha na izi ihe.

Akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù Joffe

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1920, Nikolai Semenov, onye biography na-eme ka ọzọ na-atụghị anya ya, laghachi Petrograd na òkù nke enyi ya Joffe, onye n'oge kere Physical-ụzụ Institute nke radiological. Semenov ghọrọ isi nke ime nnyocha nke electronic phenomena, na mgbe a mgbe o jere ozi dị ka osote onye ntụzi nke Physico-ụzụ Institute. Ọnụ na P. Kapitsa anyị dike awade uwa sayensi a ụzọ ọhụrụ nke odomo ndọta nke atọm na a nonuniform ubi. Otu usoro na-arụsi ọrụ na-emepe emepe abụọ ọzọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị O. Stern na W. Gerlach. Na 1928, Nikolay Semenov natara aha nke prọfesọ nke Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, O guzobere Institute of Chemical Physics na-aghọ ya na-adịgide adịgide director ruo mgbe ikpeazụ. Nti eziokwu na n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe a tọrọ ntọala nke mahadum, ọ e bufere Moscow.

N'oge na-adịghị prọfesọ na-aghọ a òtù nke Academy nke Sciences nke USSR, na na 1932 - ya ezigbo so. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe, o bipụtara a monograph akpọ "Chemical Kinetics na Chain Jeremaya mere", ebe arụmụka gosipụta ịdị adị nke a yinye mmeghachi omume.

agha

Nikolay Semenov - a chemical na adabara ha ala, ọbụna n'oge agha. Na 1941, ọ kpọpụrụ ka Kazan, ebe ndebe ihe na mgbawa na-enwu. N'oge na-adịghị ọ laghachiri isi obodo na malitere ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi n'Ụlọ Moscow State University. University ndị ọrụ na-nnọọ nakweere oyi na ha obodo Semenova. N'otu afọ ọ haziri ngalaba chemical kinetics, nke na-gawa n'elu ọzọ 40 afọ.

Moscow Institute of Physics na Technology

Na 1946, ọ haziri na P. Kapitsa aforesaid alụmdi Semenov na n'out oge na-aghọ ya ngalaba-nchoputa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị director nke ngalaba nke Chemistry. Iri afọ nke ndụ ya (1940-1950), ọ bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike so na-arụ ọrụ nke Soviet atọm oru ngo. Na 1947, Semenov Nikolay abatakwa n'ohu ahụ CPSU. Site na 1961 ruo 1966, ọ bụ a nwa akwukwo so na CC, nakwa dị ka ugboro 3 ghọrọ a osote onye na nke Kasị Elu Council. Na 1966 ọ hoputara osote onye nke 7 nkpọkọta nke District # 512.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emegide nke agha nuklia. Iji ya na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ na-agụnye chemists na physics dị ka Ya Zel'dovich, YU Chariton, N. Emanuel. O wee lie a oké ọkà mmụta na Russian isi obodo na Novodevichy Ili Ozu. Ọ nwụrụ si eke na-akpata n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1986.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme

Nikolay Semenov, a obere biography na bụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a, mere ọtụtụ ihe bara uru sayensị. Isi nke ha gbasa thermal gbawara Ozizi, combustion gas mixtures na nchepụta nke yinye Jeremaya mere na onwu. The mbụ isi nke bụ nsogbu nke ọkà mmụta sayensị ionization, haruru. Ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ ihe na isiokwu nke dielectric mmebi, nke e mechara duru ya kee thermal mmebi nke ozizi. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka a thermal mgbanye Ozizi. All a kwere ya iji lebara ihe ndị na-agbawa agbawa detonation na-enwu.

Ọnụ na nkà mmụta sayensị na Kapitza ekenịmde nwere, nke na-ekwe ka gbakọọ ndiiche nke okporo osisi ndị na paramagnetic atọm na inhomogeneous ubi. Na YU Khariton ike ịchọpụta odide okpomọkụ na ya oké egwu njupụta.

The kasị ama ọkà mmụta sayensị ka enwetara site ozizi ya nke yinye Jeremaya mere. A obere ka e mesịrị, o gosiri na buu yinye usoro, na-ezo a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke arụmụka. Ihe ndị ahụ emeekwala meghere ọhụrụ horizons nke agụmakwụkwọ chemists. Na Shilov gosiri mmekọrịta nke ike Filiks ma na mmepe nke yinye Jeremaya mere. Na 1956, Semenov e ọdịda nke Nobel chọr'inwe na Chemistry. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ya bụ onye dere akwụkwọ bụ "The onu nke ume yinye branching na chemical Jeremaya mere."

Nikolay Semenov, bụ onye nọ na foto akwụkwọ, nụchara anụcha usoro nke na-azọrọ-anyịnya kasịnụ Bodenstein. Tupu a, usoro a bụ nanị ihe ndabere maka kinetic mgbawa na omume. Onye ọrụ nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị-ewepụtara na isiokwu nke catalytic Filiks. Ọ kọwara ozizi heterogeneous catalysis na Vol'kenshtein F. na B. Provincial.

ezinụlọ

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich toro a nnọọ ezigbo ezinụlọ. Dị ka anyị na-ama mara, nna ya na otu onye ọfịsa. Mgbe ezumike nká, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ukochukwu, ma mesịa ghọọ a steeti kansulo na natara onye ama. Nne mmiri ọgwụ Elena nwere oké ozu malite. Etete Nikolaya Semenova nne nwa Tsarskoye Selo bụ onye na-arụ.

Anyị dike lụrụ na 1921 na ọkà mmụta novelist, bụ prọfesọ nke Petrograd University na nsụgharị nke Dante Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. Ihe na-akpali eziokwu na a nwaanyị esesịn ụmụ anọ si ya nwoke mbụ na bụ ọtụtụ ihe tọrọ ibe ya. Mgbe afọ abụọ nke obi ụtọ ná ndụ ọnụ Mariya Isidorovna nwụrụ nke cancer. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, a ọkà mmụta sayensị lụọ nwunye Natale Burtsevoy - nwa nwanne ya na nwunye. Nke a na alụmdi na nwunye bụ ihe ndị ọzọ ihe ịga nke ọma, dị ka ụzọ nyere ezigbo ụmụ: Ludmilla na Yuri. Na 1971, Semenov Nikolay bred jikọọ a ndụ na otu nke ya na-enyere aka. The ikpeazụ alụmdi na nwunye, dị ka ndị mbụ ahụ, ịmụ nwa.

Chịkọta isiokwu, ọ nwere ike kwuru na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ahụmahụ Nikolaya Semenova ghọrọ ihe ndabere siri ike maka inwekwu nnyocha na mmepe nke chemical sayensị. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ji ọrụ ndị ji a ndepụta kwuo na ọ akwụ site ịrụsi ọrụ ike ha na otutu echiche.