Krymskaya usoro iwe ọrụ. Krymskaya ọrụ (1944): ike na mejupụtara n'akụkụ

The dịịrị banye na mmiri nke Crimea mgbe niile nke mbụ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu na mgbe e mesịrị USSR bụ a usoro center na Black Sea. Operation Crimea dị nnọọ mkpa maka ịka Red Army, na n'otu oge ahụ, Hitler maara na ọ bụrụ na-enye Peninsula, ida niile Black Sea. Kpụ ọkụ alụ ọgụ ihe karịrị otu ọnwa na rụpụtara na-emeri nke ndị Nazi na-agbachitere.

tupu a waa

Ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwụ nke 1942 - mmalite nke 1943 n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, e nwere a buu mgbanwe: ma ọ bụrụ na Red Army gbaghachi azụ ka a, ugbu a wee na-akpasu iwe. The Battle nke Stalingrad bụ dum ọdachi nke dum Wehrmacht. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943, e nwere a agha na ndị Kursk ntopute, na-akpọ ndị mere nke kasị tank agha nke Soviet agha putara ighe outplayed ndị Nazi weghaara ha na a pincer ije, mgbe nke atọ Reich ama idikwe. The ọchịagha kọọrọ Hitler na n'ihu nke agha edinam na-aghọ isi. Otú ọ dị, o nyere iwu na-eguzo ma jide ọnọdụ ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya.

Crimea ọrụ bụ a n'ihu nke ahụ dị ebube rụzuru nke Red Army. Mgbe Nizhnedneprovsk iwe 17 German agha ndị tọrọ Crimea peninshula, na-enweghị ohere nke replenishment na mkwado. Ke adianade do, Soviet agha jisiri ẹkemụm a ala foothold na Kerch ebe. Higher German iwu ọzọ chetaara banyere olileanya nke ọnọdụ na n'ihu. Banyere Crimea, karịsịa ndị ọchịagha kwuru na enweghị ohere nke ala reinforcements ha nọgide na-ahụ maka ụfọdụ ọnwụ na n'ihu ndị na-eguzogide. Hitler na ọ bụghị otú - e nyere ya iwu na-agbachitere ihe a dị mkpa usoro ebe. Ọ kọwara nke a site na-asị na ihe omume nke Crimea, Romania na Bulgaria ga-akwụsị ejikọ aka na Germany. The iji e nyere, ma ihe bụ àgwà nke ndị nkịtị agha a direction na n'ozuzu ya agha, mgbe ha malitere Crimea Campaign?

War theorists mgbe ikwu naanị banyere itule nke agha nke na-emegide n'akụkụ na ha azum, na-ekwu site na mmalite nke agha agha dị ka a dum, nanị na-agụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na ngwá agha na size nke alụso.

Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị na kweere na ọ bụrụ bụghị bụrụkwa, ọ na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na-alụ ọgụ spirit. Na ihe dị n'aka ya ma abụọ?

The mmụọ nke Red Army

Ọ bụrụ na mmalite nke agha ndị mmụọ nke Soviet agha bụ pụtara ala, na N'ezie nke ya na-eme, karịsịa mgbe Stalingrad, o toro incredibly. Ugbu a ọ bụ Red Army ndị agha nke mmeri. Tụkwasị na nke a, anyị agha, n'adịghị ka ndị mbụ ọnwa nke agha, e obi tara mmiri na ọgụ na iwu enwetara ndị dị mkpa na ahụmahụ. All a ọnụ nyere anyị zuru abamuru nke occupiers.

The mmụọ nke German-Romanian agha

Ná mmalite nke World War II German agha igwe na-amaghị mmeri. -Erughị afọ abụọ na Germany jisiri weghara fọrọ nke nta niile nke Europe, wee ala nke USSR. The mmụọ nke ndị agha nke Wehrmacht bụ na elu. Ha weere onwe ha bụ anwụ anwụ. Na-aga na-esote agha, na-ama anyị maara tupu oge eruo na ọ ga-emeri ha.

Otú ọ dị, ke mbubreyo 1941, ndị Nazi mbụ zutere oké njọ na-eguzogide na agha nke Moscow. N'oge kontroperatsii Red Army tụbara ha si obodo a anya nke n'elu 200 km. Ọ bụ a igbu ha ùgwù onwe onye na, ọtụtụ ihe, ha morale.

Nke a sochiri Stalingrad, Kurskaia agha itunanya mgbochi Leningrad malitere Crimea usoro iwe ọrụ. Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ a alaghachi azụ nile asakde iso ese. E wezụga eziokwu ahụ bụ na German agha e meriri otu otu, ha bụ nanị ike gwụrụ nke agha. Olee otú anyị ga-emeso ha ma, ma ha bụ ndị na kwa, ha bụ ndị ezinụlọ ya, nke na ha hụrụ na ọ chọrọ na-azụ n'ụlọ. Ha, nke a agha na-adịkwaghị mkpa. The mmụọ bụ na efu.

Agha nke ọzọ. USSR

Crimea ọrụ na-otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. The Red Army E-anọchi anya ya:

• 4th Ukrainian n'ihu, nke iwu F. I. Tolbuhin. Ọ gụnyere 51 Army n'okpuru Ya. G. Kreyzera; 2nd-eche ha nche Army n'okpuru G. F. Zaharova; 8th Air Army, nyere n'iwu site T. T. Hryukina na 19 Panzer agha, ibido bụ n'okpuru iwu I. D. Vasileva, onye e mechara dochie IA nsusu ọnụ.
• Independent Ala gbara osimiri okirikiri Army, ido onwe ya n'okpuru General Ai Eremenko, ma iwu nke 15.04.1944 ya weputa K. S. Melnika, bụ onye a onyeisi-general ndị agha.
• Black Sea Fleet, nyere n'iwu site Admiral FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-m onye radiodivizionom Sevastopol.
• Azov Flotilla, edu N'azụ Admiral Gorshkovym S. G.

Agha nke ọzọ. Germany, Romania

Defense weghaara peninshula jere ozi dị ka nke 17 Wehrmacht agha. On May 1, 1944 na ọ e kenyere ya iwu nke General agha Karl Allmendinger. The Army e ekewet nke 7 Romanian na 5 German nkewa. Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na obodo nke Simferopol.

Crimea ọrụ na akụkụ nke Wehrmacht ke ini utọ 1944 bụ nke a iji chebe onwe okike. Territorially nzere atụmatụ nke Wehrmacht nwere ike kere n'ime 4 akụkụ:

1. North. Iwu nke ndị a agha e odude ke Dzhankoy, e nwere ndọpụ ma mee. E nwere ihe abụọ guzobere e lekwasịrị anya:

• 49th Mountain agha: 50, 111, 336 nke bipu Division, na 279th Brigade nke wakpo ngwá agha;
• 3rd Romanian agha agha esịnede agha 9, 10th na 19 bipu nkewa.

2. West. The dum n'ụsọ oké osimiri si Sevastopol ka Perekopa na-ekpemede abụọ regiments usen 9 Romanian agha Division.

3. East. The mere na Kerch Peninsula. Ebe a gbachiteere:

• 5th agha (73th na 98th bipu nkewa, brigeedi 191 wakpo egbe);
• 6 ndi agha na 3rd Mountain bipu Division Romanian.

4. South. All ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri si Sevastopol ka Feodosiya agagharịkwa na gbachiteere 1st Romanian Mountain agha.

N'ihi ya, ndị agha na-lekwasị ndị na-esonụ otú: ugwu ụzọ - 5 nkewa, Kerch - 4 nkewa, n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Crimea - 3 nkewa.

Crimea ọrụ na oru kpomkwem na ndị dị otú ahụ ndokwa ọgụ ogige.

Nke itule nke agha nke na-emegide n'akụkụ

ike	USSR	Germany, Romania
ndị mmadụ	462400	195000
Ogbunigwe na ogbunigwe	5982	banyere 3600
Tankị na onwe-propelled egbe	559	215
jets	1250	148

Ke adianade do, Red Army nwere 322 n'akwụkwọ bụ ngwá ọrụ nke Navy. A na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi a dị ịrịba ama nke onuogugu kara nke Soviet Army. Nke a iwu nke Wehrmacht kọọrọ Hitler iji nweta ikike ịpụ fọdụrụ mgbochi agha.

atụmatụ nke ọzọ

Ndị Soviet hụrụ Crimea, na tumadi na Sevastopol, isi isi nke Black Sea Fleet. Na nnata nke ihe a na ya ojiji nke Soviet Navy nwere ike ịbụ ihe adaba na ndị ọzọ ọma ebu ihe nke oké osimiri, nke dị mkpa maka inwekwu ọganihu nke agha.

Germany bụkwa maara nke ọma ihe Crimea n'ozuzu itule ike. Hitler maara na Crimea na-akpasu iwe-emeri na ọrụ pụrụ iduga ọnwụ nke a dị mkpa bridgehead. Ọzọkwa, Adolf mgbe kọrọ enweghi ike ịkwụsị Red Army na mpaghara ebe a. Dịcha, ọ maara na enweghị olileanya nke ahụ, ma ọ dịghịzi nwere ihe ndị ọzọ. Hitler nyere iji chebe peninshula ikpeazụ nwoke, ọ bụla ikpe, adịghị ya na USSR. O kweere Crimea ike na-egbochi allies dị ka Romania, Bulgaria na Turkey dị nso Germany, na ọnwụ nke ihe, ga-akpaghị aka na-eduga na ọnwụ nke nkwado nke allies.

N'ihi ya, Crimea dị nnọọ mkpa maka Soviet agha. N'ihi na Germany, ọ dị oké mkpa.

Malite Crimea iwe

Red Army atụmatụ bụkwa n'otu oge oke mmetụta na ugwu (site Syvash na Perekopa) nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ (Kerch) soro akwalite usoro emmepe - Simferopol na Sebastopol. Mgbe ahụ, na onye-iro nwere na-kewaa iche iche iche iche, na-ebibi ihe, iji gbochie ekwe omume nke esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile na Romania.

April 3 ndị Soviet agha, iji ya dị arọ ogbunigwe, na-ebibi onye iro e wusiri ike. 7 April, na mgbede, nyoputa onyeiro, nke gosikwara na ọnọdụ nke onye iro agha e mere. April 8 Crimea ọrụ malitere. Ụbọchị abụọ nke Soviet agha nọ na a di ọku ọgụ. N'ihi onye-iro ihe nchebe na-n'ahụ. 11 April 19 Panzer agha n'ọnọdu na mgbalị mbụ ẹkemụm Dzhankoy - onye nke ụlọ ọrụ nke onye iro agha. German na Romanian akpụ na-atụ egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi malitere laa azụ si n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ (Kerch) na Simferopol na Sebastopol.

Na otu ụbọchị ndị Soviet agha jide Kerch, mgbe ahụ, na ebe niile nke mkpagbu nke alaghachi azụ iro na ụgbọelu. Wehrmacht agha ahụ malitere evacuating site n'oké osimiri, ma Black Sea Fleet agha wakporo evacuees arịa, dapụtara na a onye fasizim sitere agha nwere furu efu 8.100 ndị mmadụ.

April 13 e wepụtara obodo Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. N'echi - Sudak, ụbọchị mgbe na - Alushta. Crimea ime ihe na World War II wee njedebe. The okwu bụ naanị Sevastopol.

onyinye agha okpuru

A iche iche isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka bụ a okpuru na nzuzo na-eme nke Crimea. Crimea ọrụ, na obere, bụ ịdị n'otu nke ndị agha na ndị agha okpuru ke ọbọ a ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Dị ka atụmatụ, e nwere ndị a ngụkọta nke ihe 4,000 ndị mmadụ. The ebumnobi nke ọrụ ha bụ mbibi nke ndị iro n'azụ, ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru, na-emeghe nkwukọrịta na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ikpo mere n'ugwu ụzọ. The agha okpuru mebiri na-arụ ọrụ Yalta n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke ukwuu mgbagwoju anya ndị esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke German na Romanian agha. E wezụga eziokwu na ebumnuche nke na-eme ihe ndị agha okpuru na-egbochi mbibi nke ụlọ ọrụ, iga ụlọ ọrụ na municipalities.

Ebe a bụ otu ihe atụ nke na-arụsi ọrụ okpuru ọrụ. On April 11, n'oge ichighaazu nke 17 Army nke Wehrmacht na Sevastopol, ndị agha okpuru jide obodo nke Stary Krym, na n'ihi na bee ụzọ agbahapụ.

Kurt Tippelskirch - General nke Wehrmacht - ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndị agha a kọwara na-esonụ otú: ndị agha okpuru n'oge ọrụ achụsiwo ndibere na Soviet agha ahụ na inyere ha aka.

Sevastopol Sturm

Site April 15, 1944, ndị agha Soviet ruru isi isi - Sevastopol. Preparations amalitela maka mwakpo. Site na oge ọrụ e dechara Odessa, nke e nwere ihe dị ka akụkụ nke Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (na Crimea) ọrụ, n'oge nke ugwu na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Ojii a tọhapụrụ, mere a ịrịba onyinye Victory.

The mbụ na nke abụọ mgbalị weghara obodo nke 19 na nke 23 kụrụ afọ n'ala. Ọ malitere regrouping nke ndị agha, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọkọnọ nke ndokwa, mmanụ a na mgbọ.

May 7, na 10:30, na oke ikuku support, were iwe ọkụ e wusiri ike district nke Sevastopol. May 9, Red Army si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ wee banye n'ime obodo. Sevastopol a tọhapụrụ! Ndị fọdụrụ agha nke Wehrmacht malitere laghachiri azụ, ma na Cape Chersonese e mesịa 19 Panzer agha, ebe o weere agha ikpeazụ, nke rụpụtara na 17-nke agha kpamkpam agbajikwa, na 21 000 agha (gụnyere ndị ọrụ nche) e mkpọrọ erikpu na ngwá na ndị ọzọ na ngwá.

pụta

Ikpeazụ Wehrmacht foothold na Right-Bank Ukraine, emi odude ke Crimea, na ihu nke 17 Army e bibiri. Irretrievably efu bụ ihe karịrị 100,000 German na Romanian agha. The n'ozuzu weere dịrị 140 puku ndị agha na ndị isi nke Wehrmacht.

N'ihi na Red Army okụrede iyi egwu nke ndịda direction nke n'ihu. Enweela a nloghachi nke Sevastopol - isi isi nke Black Sea Fleet.

Ma ihe kacha mkpa - bụ na Soviet Union mgbe Crimea ọrụ nwetaghachiri akara na Black Sea efere. Nke a bụ eziokwu n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama maa jijiji elu-eme nke German ọnọdụ ke Bulgaria, Romania na Turkey.

The kasị egwu iru uju na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị na XX narị afọ - Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Crimea ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ niile, nwere uru ndị na mmalite na azum, ma dị ka a N'ihi nke a clashes gburu ọtụtụ narị puku na mgbe ụfọdụ ọtụtụ nde anyị ụmụ amaala. Crimea iwe bụ ihe dị mkpa usoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ setịpụrụ Soviet iwu. Germany were na 1941-1942. 250 ụbọchị nke kpọọ nke Sevastopol. Soviet agha kọrọ 35 ụbọchị nyak niile nke Crimea peninshula, 5 onye na a chọrọ ka oké ifufe Sebastopol. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ọma ọrụ kere mma ọnọdụ maka ọganihu nke Soviet agha na Balkans.