List nke nkume ya n'usoro abiidii

Rocks bụ mineral na ha ogige. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume iche na mbara ala anyị enweghị minerals n'ezie akpụ ya.

Grading usoro

Igbunye a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu udiri anumanu na-ekewa iche iche. Genetically-akwanyere ùgwù:

• sedimentary;
• metamorphic;
• magmatic.

Adịbeghị anya òkè ọzọ atọ ọmụmụ:

• plutonic;
• hypabyssal;
• mgbawa ugwu.

Subgroups nwere ike kere n'ime:

• gbara ụka;
• ajụ;
• isi;
• ultrabasic.

Fọrọ nke nta-agaghị ekwe omume ikpokọta a zuru ndepụta nke oké nkume, na-echebara ihe niile ẹdude umu n'ụwa, otú ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-eme ka mgbalị iji Structure ihe ọmụma banyere ihe ndị kasị akpali na ahụkarị ụdị.

Metamorphic nkume: ndepụta

Ndị kpụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na-ahụkarị nke endogenous Filiks. Ebe ọ bụ na akakabarede na-adị mgbe bekee ke siri ike na-adọ ha, ha na-anya unnoticeable. N'oge Transition, agbanwe Ọdịdị, udidi, mejupụtara nke mbụ nkume. Mgbanwe ndị dị otú mere, ị chọrọ a ọma Nchikota:

• kpo oku;
• mgbali;
• mmetụta, haruru, ngwọta.

E metamorphism:

• mpaghara;
• Kọntaktị;
• hydrothermal;
• pneumatolytic;
• metamorphism.

Ndị na-esonụ bụ a ndepụta nke oké nkume alphabetically maka otu a nke mineral.

amphibolites

Ndị a mineral na-guzobere site hornblende na plagioclase. The mbụ teepu na nkewa dị ka silicate. Anya amphibolites - a shale ma ọ bụ arrays nke na agba site na ọchịchịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ka nwa. Agba na-adabere na ole nke ọchịchịrị na-acha mmiri bụ ugbu a na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ịnweta. Secondary minerals nke otu a:

• grenade;
• magnetite;
• titanium;
• zoisite.

gneiss

Na ya Ọdịdị, gneiss konkiri nnọọ nso. Anya ịmata ihe dị iche ndị a abụọ minerals onye ọ bụla ọzọ ọ bụghị mgbe niile kwere omume, dị ka konkiri na gneiss mbipụta na-abịakwute ya na anụ ahụ kwa. Ma price bụ budata ala gneiss.

Gneisses bụ dị ọtụtụ ebe, ya mere, itinye na-ewu. Mineral ndị dịgasị iche iche na aesthetic. Njupụta dị elu, ka nkume nwere ike ji mee ka ihe nchịkọta. Mgbe a obere porosity na ala mmiri absorption gneiss amụbawo iguzogide oyi. Ebe ọ bụ na ozize bụkwa obere, ojiji nke minerals na-ekwe ka a eche ihu.

shales

Na-eme ka a na ndepụta nke oké nkume, n'etiti metamorphic n'aka banyere schists. Igbunye dị otú ahụ na ụdị, dị ka:

• ụrọ;
• crystal;
• talc;
• chlorite.

N'ihi na pụrụ iche Ọdịdị na aesthetics nke nkume, na-adịbeghị anya, e wepụrụ ebubo aghọwo ihe dị oké ji achọ ihe onwunwe na-eji na-ewu.

Shales - a kama ibu otu, nke na-elu nkume. List of umu aha na-ifịk ifịk na-eji ụmụ mmadụ dị iche iche na nzube (tumadi na-ewu, mmezi, nwughari):

• siltstone;
• zlatalit;
• serpantinitovy;
• gneiss;
• phyllitic na slates.

quartzite

Nkume a na-ọma mara ike ya, ebe ọ bụ na quartz a kpụrụ na mgbakwunye na nke adịghị. Kpụrụ quartzite sandstone mgbe mbụ ọcha nke ịnweta quartz dochie n'oge mpaghara metamorphism.

Na ọdịdị, quartzite hụrụ a siri ike guzobere. Ugboro adịghị:

• hematite;
• konkiri;
• sịlịkọn;
• magnetite;
• mica.

Ogaranya ego na-hụrụ na:

• US;
• India;
• Russia;
• Canada.

The isi atụmatụ nke ịnweta:

• iguzogide ntu oyi, iru mmiri, okpomọkụ;
• ume;
• nchekwa, gburugburu ebe obibi enyi;
• anwụ ngwa ngwa;
• iguzogide alkalis, asịd.

Philly

Ọ bụghị dịghị ihe ọzọ na ndepụta nke oké nkume bụ phyllites. Ha ogide onye n'etiti ọnọdụ n'etiti ụrọ mica schists. The ihe onwunwe bụ na ok na ezi-na-grained. Na nke a, o doro anya na crystalline nkume, ha na-ji a akpọ schistosity.

Phyllites nwere a silky sheen. The agba atụmatụ - nwa, shades nke isi awọ. Mineral kewaa mkpa slabs. Dị ka akụkụ nke phyllites hapụ:

• mica;
• sericite.

Nwere ike ịbụ ọka kristal:

• albite;
• andalusite;
• pomegranate;
• quartz.

Rich ego nke phyllite na France, England na United States.

Sedimentary nkume: ndepụta

Mineral nke otu a na-emi odude tumadi n'elu. N'ihi guzobere-esonụ na ọnọdụ ga-zutere:

• ala okpomọkụ;
• mmiri ozuzo.

E nwere atọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa subtypes:

• clastic anọchite anya Ntụ nkume kpụrụ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nkume;
• ụrọ, si malite nke a na-ejikọta ya na mgbanwe nke minerals iche iche "silicate" na "aluminosilicate";
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. Dị otú ahụ deposition Filiks na-guzobere na nke kwesịrị ekwesị ngwọta. Nke a na-na-ewere ifịk akụkụ ọ bụghị nanị na microscopic ntule, organic bekee. The ọrụ dị mkpa nke n'efu na ngwaahịa.

Site chemogenic tọhapụ:

• halides;
• sulfate.

List nke nkume na a subgroup:

• gypsum;
• anhydrite;
• sylvinite;
• mkpatụ nnu;
• carnallite.

Ihe kacha mkpa sedimentary nkume:

• Dolomite, na nkume nzu-dị ka oké.
• Limestone esịnede potassium carbonate na admixture nke otu nọmba nke inclusions na magnesium. Kwa nke ịnweta nso, kpebisie ike site na ihe ndị mejupụtara na Ọdịdị, nakwa dị ka ịnweta udidi. A isi dị na - nhapụ compressive ike.
• Sandstone kpụrụ ịnweta mkpụrụ interconnected bekee nke eke si malite. Anwụ ngwa ngwa nkume na-adabere na admixtures na on ihe umi ọ ghọrọ nragide.

mgbawa nkume

Jide n'aka na-mgbawa nkume nwere ike kwuru. The ndepụta nke ndị dị otú mepụtara, gụnyere ebe a na-minerals kpụrụ n'oge mgbawa ugwu eruptions. Na a tọhapụ:

• effusive;
• clastic;
• mgbawa ugwu.

The mbụ, Atiya, a makwaara dị ka ugwu mgbawa nkume, na-agụnye:

• andesite;
• basalt;
• diabase;
• liparite;
• oghere eji ekunye ume.

Site pyroclastic, ya bụ detrital, ọkwá:

• breccia;
• tuffs.

Fọrọ nke nta a full abiidii ndepụta mgbawa nkume na ụdị:

• anorthosite;
• konkiri;
• gabbro;
• diorite;
• dunite;
• Komati;
• latites;
• monzonite;
• obsidian;
• pegmatite;
• peridotite;
• perlite;
• nkume ọkụ;
• rhyolite;
• syenite;
• tonalite;
• petrosilex;
• slag.

organic nkume

Site foduru nke ihe dị ndụ, na-hiwere site organic nkume, na ndepụta nke bụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-amalite na kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe onwunwe - nzu. A nkume bụ ndị nke na-ama tụlere n'elu sedimentary ìgwè na ndị dị mkpa abụghị naanị na okwu nke applicability dozie dị iche iche ụmụ mmadụ na-aga-eme, ma na-dị ka a ọgaranya mgbe ochie ihe.

Ihe kacha mkpa subspecies nke ụdị nkume - nzu. Ọ bụ ebe mara na ifịk ifịk-eji na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ: ọ bụ na e dere mbadamba n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Mel kpụrụ calcite, nke mbụ gụnyere shells biri n'oge ochie n'oké osimiri coccolithophorids algae. Ndị a bụ ndị microscopic ntule n'ụba bi na mbara ụwa anyị a narị nde afọ gara aga. N'oge ahụ, ndị algae nwere ike igwu mmiri kpamkpam ofụri n'ókèala sara nke na-ekpo ọkụ oké osimiri. Na-anwụ anwụ, microscopic ntule na-ada na-ala, akpụ a na ok oyi akwa. Ụfọdụ ebe ndị ọgaranya na ego na nke sediments, e nwere ọtụtụ narị mita na ọkpụrụkpụ na ndị ọzọ. The kasị mara bụ nzu ugwu nta:

• Volga;
• French;
• English.

Site n'ịmụ Cretaceous nkume, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara metụtara nke ha:

• oké osimiri urchins;
• akịrịkọ;
• fom.

Dị ka a na-achị, ndị a inclusions - bụ nanị ole na ole percent nke ngụkọta enyoba nzu, nke mere na ndị dị otú ahụ mmiri adịghị emetụta afọ nke ìgwè. Mgbe amụ Cretaceous ego, na geologist obtains ọmụma banyere:

• afọ ghara ịdị;
• mmiri kọlụm na n'ebe ahu n'iru;
• pụrụ iche ọnọdụ ndị na-na mbụ dị na mụọ ebe.

Igneous rocks

N'okpuru magmatism ọtụtụ ghọtara dị ka ozuzu oke nke phenomena mere site magma na ya na-eme. Magma - a silicate gbazee, ndammana ugbu a na mmiri mmiri ụdị, nso ọkụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke magma e a di na obodo ọcha. N'oge ụfọdụ, e nwere ụdị:

• ndị na-abụghị silicate;
• nizkosilikatnye.

Mgbe magma cools na crystallizes, e nwere igneous nkume. Ha na-akpọ igneous.

Igbunye ụdị:

• intrusive;
• effezivnye.

First kpụrụ na oké omimi, na nke abụọ - n'oge ọkọ, ntụgharị kpọmkwem na mbara ala ala.

Ọtụtụ mgbe ka a akụkụ nke magma nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke nkume, gbazee na weere na silicate uka. Nke a kpasuru iwe:

• azụ okpomọkụ n'ụwa bụ thicker;
• pumped mgbali;
• Nchikota ihe.

Kpochapụwo version of magmatic nkume - konkiri. Ugbua aha ya na Latin - "ọkụ" na-anọchi anya na ụdị ya mbụ ala nke ukwuu na-ekpo ọkụ. Granite na ukwuu ekele bụghị naanị site na ya technical parameters (a ihe onwunwe bụ incredibly inogide), kamakwa n'ihi na nke mara mma, n'ihi crystalline inclusions.