Livonian War 1558-1583 afọ na-otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa mkpọsa nke ugboro nke Ivana Groznogo. Na ihe nile nke XVI narị afọ, ikekwe.
Livonian War: nkenke na ogige
Mgbe oké Muscovite Tsar bụ ike imeri Kazan na Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV chere ihu ya n'ebe ndị Baltic ala na Baltic Oké Osimiri. The kpọọ nke a n'ókèala maka Moscow alaeze ga-apụta ekwe ohere ahia na Baltic. N'otu oge ahụ, biri n'ebe na-ama nke German ahịa na Livonian Order ukwuu disadvantageous na-ekwe ka ọhụrụ asọmpi na mpaghara. Mkpebi ndị a na-emegiderịta, ma ga-aghọ Livonian War. Brief aha ka banyere anụmanụ na ihe mere ya. Ha jere ozi dị ka ndị na-abụghị ugwo nke ụtụ site Livonian Order, nke Bishopric nke Dorpat ji ụgwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ na ihu ọma nke Moscow dị ka nkwekọrịta na 1554. Chie, nke a ụtụ ka e kee kemgbe mmalite nke XVI narị afọ. Otú ọ dị, na omume banyere ya ruo ogologo oge na ọ dịghị onye chetara. Naanị na nkpasu-iwe nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Ivan Grozny eji eziokwu a dị ka a ziri ezi maka Russian mbuso agha n'ime Oké Osimiri Baltic.
Livonian War: nkenke banyere vicissitudes nke ndị agha
Russian agha malitere mbuso agha nke Livonia na 1558. Akpa ogbo nke nkukota, nke kere ruo 1561, e dechara bibie nke Livonian Order. Army nke Moscow Tsar pogroms gaa ije site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Livonia. Dorpat na Riga e. Na 1559, ndị ọzọ aka a truce n'ihi na ọnwa isii, nke bu ghọọ a udo nkwekorita na okwu nke vassalage nke Livonian Order si Russia. Ma na-enyere ndị German knight mere ngwa ngwa ka Eze nke Poland na Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II diplomatic nghogbu bụ ike na-iji n'okpuru ya Protectorate. Na usoro nke nkwekọrịta Vilna Livonian Order kwụsịrị ịdị adị na November 1561. Ya n'ókèala kewara n'etiti Lithuania na Poland. Ugbu a Ivanu Groznomu nwere ebịne ozugbo atọ dị ike rivals: Duchy nke Lithuania, Alaeze nke Poland na Swedish. Na nke ikpeazụ, Otú ọ dị, Tsar nke Muscovy nwere ike ngwa ngwa na-eme udo maka oge. Na afọ 1562-63 amalite nke abụọ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpọsa na Baltic Oké Osimiri. Ihe Livonian War, na a ogbo, wee na-ịzụlite ọma. Otú ọ dị, ke ufọt ufọt 1560s ịgba nje mmekọahụ n'etiti Ivanom Groznym na boyars họọrọ obi ụtọ. The ọnọdụ a n'ihu aggravated n'ihi na mgba okpuru nke otu n'ime ndị bụ ezigbo ndị enyi nke onye-isi ka Andreya Kurbskogo na Lithuania na ya soja ka onye iro (na ihe mere na kpaliri nobleman, bụ na-eto eto despotism nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi na ịda iwu nke oge ochie onwe of ama). Mgbe ihe omume a, Ivan Grozny akpatre obi tara mmiri, na-ahụ gburugburu ya siri ike sabo. Ẹbiet emi ẹwọrọde, na mmeri e meriri na n'ihu, nke na-akọwa na Prince nke esịtidem iro. Na 1569, Lithuania na Poland n'otu n'ime otu obodo na Ọ na-ewusikwu ha ike. Ke mbubreyo 1560 si - n'oge 70 Russian agha na-ata ahụhụ a na usoro nke mmeri e meriri na ọbụna ida a ole na ole ewusiri ike. Na 1579 agha maka Grand Duchy nke Moscow ọ na-ama na-ewere na ndị ọzọ iji chebe onwe ke uwa. Otú ọ dị, na 1579 na onye iro e weghaara Polotsk, na 1580th - Great Bow, na 1582, ịnọgide na a ogologo nọchibidoro Pskov. O doro anya na aka n'ime udo na respite maka ọchịchị mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke agha mkpọsa.
Livonian War: mkpirikpi banyere ndị na-esi
Agha ahụ biri na bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke oké ọjọọ maka Moscow Plyusskogo na ji Zapolskoho truces. Access na Baltic Oké Osimiri na a natara. Kama, Duke ọkọdọ Ike gwụrụ kpara mba bụ na a nnọọ ike ọnọdụ. The esi nke na-Livonian War-enwekwu esịtidem nsogbu nke dugara Great oj oo na-amalite nke XVI narị afọ.