Lysosomes - na cell bụ "medics"

Ọ bụla dị ndụ cell nwere a set nke owuwu ndị na-enye ya ohere na-egosi niile Njirimara nke a ndụ organism. Iji arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na cell ga-ezu nri gbarie ma hapụ ha ike, bụ nke a na ka na-aga na ndụ support Filiks.

Ke akpa ogbo nke mgbagwoju Filiks bụ ike management lysosomes mkpụrụ ndụ na otshnurovyvayutsya n'ọnụ esisịt dictyosomes tankị (Golgi).

Olee otú bụ lysosomes

Lysosomes - bụ odnomembrannye nwa ehi * Tụkwasị dayameta nke si 0,2 2 microns, nke na-nchọ na mgbagwoju nke hydrolytic enzymes. Ha na-enwe ike ịrapara n'ahụ ọ bụla eke polima ma ọ bụ umi mgbagwoju Ọdịdị, ịdaba cell dị ka a potassium mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ a mba ọzọ gị n'ụlọnga:

• ndi na-edozi na polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (starch, dextrin, glycogen);
• nucleic asịd;
• lipids.

Nke a arụmọrụ nwere ike inye banyere 40 dị iche iche nke enzymes dị lysosomes matriks na ke n'ime akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-ekpe na steeti.

Chemistry lysosomes

Akpụkpọ ahụ gbara ya gburugburu na lysosome, na-echebe organelles na ndị ọzọ na cellular mmiri nke gbarie enzyme mgbagwoju. Ma afụ niile enzymes na-protein si malite, gịnị mere na ha na-kewaa site proteases?

Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na n'ime lysosome enzymes bụ glycosylated ala. Nke a carbohydrate "shei" na-eme ka ha agụghị oké recognizable ka proteolytic enzymes.

Mmeghachi omume na-ajụ n'ime lysosomes bụ weakly acid (onye Onyenwe anyị + 4.5-5), na iche na nke nta na-anọpụ iche hyaloplasm. Ọ na-emepụta mma ọnọdụ maka ihe nke enzymes na mîdaha H ⁺ -ATPase, nke nfuli protons n'ime organelles.

Akakabarede usoro lysosome

Morphologically na cell nwere isi ihe abụọ na ụdị nke lysosomes - isi na sekọndrị.

Primary lysosomes - bụ obere egosipụta, ma ọ bụ ezigbo ihu, iche na tank Golgi mgbagwoju. Ha na-ebu a set of hydrolytic enzymes na mbụ kpụrụ membranes granular (roughened) EPR. Tupu absorption nke potassium mkpụrụ lysosomes bụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ụdị.

Ka malitere na lysosome enzymes-esi nri ahụ ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri. Nke a mere na ụzọ abụọ:

1. Site autophagy, ebe nri ahụ na-etinye obi gị dum site na lysosome si gburugburu cytoplasm. The akpụkpọ ahụ organelles invaginates n'ókè nke na kọntaktị na urughuru na Nleta ihe endocytic vesicle wee otshnurovyvaetsya n'ime lysosomes.
2. Site geterofagii mgbe lysosome merges na endocytic vesicles, otu na ndị cytoplasm nke cell ruru ka absorption nke solids ma ọ bụ mmiri si n'èzí.

Secondary lysosomes - a vesicles nwere enzymes na mkpụrụ maka mgbaze. Ha na-ji hydrolytic ọrụ owụt na-emepụta dị ka a n'ihi nke absorption nke isi mkpụrụ lysosome.

Na na ọrụ iji belata lysosomal mgbaze (cleavage) nke siri ike ahụ na organic solutes, usoro mgbanwe a na-nyere site na ike nke abụọ lysosomes:

• jikọrọ ọnụ na isi lysosomes, nke wetara a ọhụrụ ogbe nke enzymes;
• coalesce na nri ọhụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ endocytotic vesicles ịnọgide na-enwe na-aga n'ihu usoro cleavage;
• jikọrọ ọnụ na ndị ọzọ abụọ lysosomes, akpụ a nnukwu Ọdịdị ike nke na-adọrọ ndị ọzọ cell organelles;
• banye pinocytic vesicles-emepe emepe n'ime multivesicular ozu.

Ọdịdị nke lysosomes mgbe ọ bụghị fundamentally na-agbanwe agbanwe. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ naanị na-etolite size.

Ndị ọzọ ụdị lysosomes

Mgbe ụfọdụ gbawara jidere na-lysosome bekee abụghị ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ. Undigested ahụ na-adịghị wepụrụ si organelle na-akpọkọtara na ya. Mgbe ọkọnọ nke hydrolytic enzymes na-depleted, sụkọtara na recycled ọdịnaya, Ọdịdị nke ahụ lysosome-aghọ ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju, yikwasịkwara. Ha nwekwara ike na-edebe ink bekee. Lysosome converted n'ime a mmapụta ahụ.

Ekemende nwa ehi mmapụta anọgide na cell ma ọ bụ wepụrụ na ya site exocytosis.

Na protists mkpụrụ ndụ pụrụ ịchọta autophagosomes. Site ha ọdịdị, ha bụ ndị nke abụọ lysosomes. Inside ndị a organelles na-hụrụ foduru nke isi mmiri nke cell na cytoplasmic owuwu. Ha na-kpụrụ cell mmebi, agadi na cellular organelles bụ maka imegharị ihe maka iji mmiri nke cell, na-atọhapụ ndị monomers.

Lysosome ọrụ na cell

Lysosomes isi-enye dị mkpa cell ewu ihe onwunwe depolimerizuya bekee tọrọ atọ nime ya.

Mmebi nke carbohydrates bụ ihe dị mkpa njikọ na ike metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ site n'inye a mkpụrụ maka akakabarede na mitochondria.

Lysosomes - ọ bụ na-a nchedo njikọ ke dịghịzi usoro:

1. Mgbe phagocytosis nke bacteria site leucocytes, lysosomes wụsa na ya n'ime uji eze nke phagocytic vesicle, na-ebibi emerụ microorganisms.
2. Hapụ proteolytic enzymes na apoptosis - na odi.
3. Tụfuo mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ "agadi" cell organelles.

Nchikota na cell proliferation, lysosomes isonye na imegharị ihe maka iji dị iche iche owuwu enye update organism.