Malevich ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ: nkọwa, foto

Malevich ọrụ na-anọchi anya ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị a ma ama na ngosipụta nkịtị art nke n'oge a. Nchoputa nke Suprematism, Russian na Soviet artist banyere ụwa nke nkà akụkọ ihe mere na sere "Black Square", ma naanị na ọrụ a, ọrụ ya na-adịghị akwụsị ebe ahụ. Na ihe ndị kasị ama ọrụ nke onye na-ese ga-maara ọ bụla cultured mmadụ.

Theorists na practitioners nke dịkọrọ ndụ art

Malevich ọrụ n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosipụta ọnọdụ na otu na mmalite nke XX narị afọ. The artist A mụrụ Kiev na 1879.

Dị ka ya onwe ya akụkọ ya autobiography, ọha na eze ngosi nke artist malitere na Kursk na 1898, ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị akwụkwọ na-egosi nke a na-ekpughe.

Na 1905, ọ gbalịrị ịbanye Moscow School of sere. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-anabata. N'oge ahụ, Kursk Malevich nọgidere ezinụlọ - nwunye ya na ụmụ Zgleyts Casimir. Ná ndụ ha a gbawara n'etiti, otú na-adịghị ọbụna banyere, Malevich achọghị laghachi Kursk. The artist biri na Lefortovo na nkà mmekota. Nnukwu ụlọ na-ese Kurdyumova biri 300 ese. Malevich bi na mmekota n'ihi na ọnwa isii, ma, n'agbanyeghị nke oké ala rents, ego gwụrụ ọnwa isii mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ka na-aga azụ ka Kursk.

N'ikpeazụ, Malevich kwagara Moscow naanị na 1907. Ọ na-aga ọmụmụ site Fedora Rerberga. Na 1910 ọ malitere iso na-ngosi nke ihe òtù n'oge avant-garde , "Jack nke Diamonds." Foto malitere iputa, nke mere ka ya na mba ama na ude.

"Suprematist mejupụtara"

Na 1916, ọrụ Malevich ama nnọọ nke ọma mara na isi obodo. "Suprematist mejupụtara" pụtara n'oge ahụ. Ọ na-e dere na mmanụ na kwaaji. Na 2008 ọ nọ na-ere okushon, "Sotheby si" maka $ 60 nde.

Mgbe auction etinye ya nketa nke onye na-ese. Na 1927, e gosiri na ihe ngosi na Berlin.

Na mmeghe nke gallery na-anọchi anya ya Malevich onwe ya, ma n'oge na-adịghị na o nwere laghachi, n'ihi na ndị Soviet ọchịchị emeghị eme ya visa esenidụt. All ọrụ ọ na-aghaghị ịhapụ. E nwere ihe 70. The ọrụ a họpụtara German-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Hugo Haring. Malevich na-atụ anya ka ịlaghachi na foto n'ọdịnihu dị nso, ma ná mba ọzọ, ọ dịghị mgbe ọzọ tọhapụrụ.

Dị nnọọ tupu ọnwụ ya, Haring gafere ọrụ niile nke Malevich, onye nọ na ya ọtụtụ afọ n'obodo Amsterdam Museum (makwaara dị ka Steleleyk Museum). Hering gbara nkwekọrịta, dị ka nke ọ bụla n'afọ ngosi nka nwere maka 12 afọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ya a ụfọdụ ego. N'ikpeazụ, ozugbo-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọnwụ, ndị ikwu ya, igbu nketa, anyị natara dum ego ozugbo. N'ihi ya, "Suprematist mejupụtara" kụrụ ntọala Amsterdam City Museum.

The nketa nke Malevich were mgbalị iji laghachi na eserese, ebe ọ bụ na 70-ies nke XX narị afọ. Ma ha adịghị aga nke ọma.

Na 2002 naanị, 14 ọrụ si Amsterdam ngosi nka adade na ihe ngosi "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." Ọ ẹkenịmde ke na Guggenheim Museum na US. Malevich nketa, ụfọdụ ha nwere ụmụ amaala nke America, gbara akwụkwọ a ikpe megide a Dutch ngosi nka. Gallery Guide wee a tupu ikpe agreement. Dị ka ihe 5 nke 36 eserese na-ese na-laghachi na ụmụ ya. Kama nketa jụrụ n'ihu na-ekwu.

Nke a na foto dị ka ndị kasị oké ọnụ sere site Russian artist mgbe ere okushon.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" by Malevich bụ otu n'ime ya kasị-ekwu banyere ọrụ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke a okirikiri nke ọrụ nke onye na-ese, raara nye Suprematism. N'ime ya, o tụlewo nkiti atụmatụ nke ndị mejupụtara na ìhè. Na mgbakwunye na square, na ugbu triptych sere "Black Cross" na "Black gburugburu".

Egosipụta Malevich dere na 1915. -Arụ ọrụ ahụ nke ikpeazụ ngosi nke Futurists. Malevich ọrụ na "0,10" na 1915 na e kokwasịrị, otú na-ekwu okwu, na "red nkuku". Na ebe icon e debere "Black Square" bụ omenala eyịride ke Russian huts. The kasị omimi na ndị kasị dị egwu picture na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian sere.

Atọ isi Suprematist shapes - square, cross na gburugburu, na ozizi nke art a na-ewere a benchmark ndị na-akpali n'ihu sikwuoro nke dum Suprematist usoro. Ọ bụ ha na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-mụrụ ọhụrụ Suprematist iche-iche.

Ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha artist gbalịrị ugboro ugboro iji chọta ndị mbụ version nke picture, ka chọpụtara n'okpuru n'elu oyi akwa nke agba. N'ihi ya, X-ray e rụrụ na 2015. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ gbara mbọ na-anọrọ abụọ agba oyiyi, nke dị na otu kwaaji. Ọ mbụ e mmasị kubofuturisticheskogo mejupụtara, ma n'elu elu ya bụkwa protosuprematicheskaya. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ niile wee jupụta na nwa kvardrat.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwekwa ike ịghọta ihe e dere nke onye na-ese ekpe na kwaaji. Ndị a bụ okwu "Agha nke Negroes na ọchịchịrị ọgba", nke na-ezo aka ma ama art ọkachamara Otu agba ngwaahịa Alfonsa Alle, bụ ndị o kere na 1882.

Ọ bụ ya mere aha nke ngosi, nke showcased ọrụ Malevich. Photos si vernissage ka nwere ike ịchọta agadi-edebe ihe ochie na magazin nke oge. Ọnụnọ nke 10 digits egosi na atumatu olu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị keere òkè na site na otu. Ma ọ dịghị ihe kwuru banyere ihe ga-egosipụta "nwa igbe" nke, dị ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, na-aga iji belata ihe efu.

atọ square

Na mgbakwunye na "Black Square" na ọrụ nke Malevich ihe ole na ole n'ime ndị a geometric shapes. Ee, na "Black Square" na mbụ a dị mfe triangle. O nweghị ike nri angles. Ya mere, si ele ihe anya nke naanị jiometrị ọ bụ a quadrangle, na bụghị a square. Art akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu na ihe niile na-adịghị na-ejighị ihe kpọrọ ihe nke na-ede akwụkwọ, na a ọnọdụ nke ụkpụrụ. Malevich gbalịrị ike zuru okè udi, nke ga-nnọọ ike na mobile.

Ọzọkwa, e nwere abụọ ọrụ site Malevich - n'ámá. Nke a bụ "Red Square" na "White Square". The sere "Red Square" e gosiri na avant-garde ngosi "0,10". White square pụtara na 1918. Mgbe ọrụ Malevich, a foto nke taa bụ ihe ọ bụla akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nkà, na-enwe na ogbo nke "na-acha ọcha" oge nke Suprematism.

"Omimi Suprematism"

Site 1920 1922, Malevich na-arụ ọrụ na sere "omimi Suprematism." Ọ na-amara dị ka "nwa cross on a red oval." Kanvas ese na mmanụ na kwaaji. Ọ na-ere okushon, "Sotheby si" fọrọ nke nta 37 puku dollar.

Site na nnukwu, ihe osise ndị a akara aka nke "Suprematist imewe", nke esesịn a gwara. Ọ na-pụtara na collections nke Museum nke Amsterdam, na na mgbe omume Malevich nketa n'ụlọikpe, ha na-enwe ike inweta onwe ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke ihe osise.

"Suprematism. 18 imewe"

Ọrụ Malevich, photos na aha nke nwere ike hụrụ na ihe ọ bụla akwụkwọ ọgụgụ banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà, captivate na-arụ anya.

Ọzọ na-akpali sere - a sere "Suprematism 18 ewu.", E Dere na 1915. Mgbe auction, "Sotheby si" ọ e rere na 2015 maka ihe fọrọ nke nta $ 34 nde. Ọ na-pụtara na-aka nke onye na-ese si nketa mgbe ikpe na Amsterdam City Museum.

Ọzọ picture, nke mebiri ihe Dutch ghọrọ "Suprematism: ọmarịcha nsiridi edu nsị Yi uka nke-anọ akụkụ.". Ọ hụrụ ya onye nwe ya na 2011. Ọ enwetara site na Institute of Art na Chicago maka ego achọghị ka igosipụta ọha na eze. Ma ọrụ ahụ na 1913 - "Desk na ime ụlọ" nwere ike hụrụ na a isi ngosi nke Malevich na Madrid gallery "Tate". Na sere e gosipụtawo anonymously. Nke ahụ pụtara na-ahazi - bụ edoghị. Mgbe niile, na ndị otu ebe ezi onye nwe kwaaji chọrọ ịnọgide na-amaghị aha, mara ọkwa na sere bụ na a onwe collection. Ọ na-eji a fundamentally dị iche iche sụgharịa ya.

"Suprematist mejupụtara"

Ọrụ Malevich, bụ nke nkọwa ị ga-ahụ n'isiokwu a ga-enye gị a pụtara zuru ezu ma doo anya na echiche nke ọrụ ya. Ka ihe atụ, ụkpụrụ "Suprematist mejupụtara" e kere 1919-1920. N'afọ 2000, na ihe auction, "Phillips" ya rere for $ 17 nde.

Ụkpụrụ a, na iche gara aga, mgbe ọpụpụ Malevich si Berlin na Soviet Union, nọgidere na Germany. Na 1935, ọ me ka US director nke New York Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Barr. Afọ 20, ọ na-egosi na United States ke kpuchie nke ngosi "Cubism na Abstract Art". Nke bụ eziokwu na foto na-ngwa ngwa wepụ - na Germany, site na oge ndị Nazi wee ike, Malevich ọrụ dara nke amara. Ya Nazi superiors na-ezo aka a sample nke "mebiri emebi art." First director nke Hanover ngosi nka zoro ezo agụba na ya n'okpuru ala, na mgbe ahụ na nzuzo nyere Barry, onye mere ka a dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-arụ ọrụ na United States.

Na 1999, New York ngosi nka laghachiri ndị nketa nke Malevich foto a na ọtụtụ nke ya graphic ọrụ.

Self-Eserese nke artist

Na 1910, Malevich ese ya onwe-Eserese. Ọ bụ otu n'ime atọ nke ya onwe-osise, na-ese mgbe oge a. Ọ maara nke ọma na ndị ọzọ na abụọ na-na-na obodo ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. A ọrụ nke Malevich na Tretyakov Gallery nwere ike hụrụ.

The atọ onwe-Eserese e rere na okushon. Ná mmalite, ọ bụ na a onwe collection of Georgiya Kostaki. N'afọ 2004, na ihe auction, "Christie si" na London, a onwe-Eserese hụrụ ya onye nwe ya n'ihi na dị nnọọ 162.000 pound. All, n'ihi na n'elu ọzọ afọ 35, ya uru mụbara site banyere 35 ugboro. Ugbua na 2015, na kwaaji e rere na okushon, "Sotheby si" ihe fọrọ nke nta 9 nde dollar. N'ezie, uru ego.

"Isi nke nwoke onye oru ugbo"

Ọ bụrụ na anyị enyochaa ọrụ Malevich ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọ bụ ike iru a anya na-emekarị na nke ịhụ otú ọrụ ya ghọrọ usoro.

Ihe atụ atụ nke a - na foto "Isi nke nwoke onye oru ugbo," dere na 1911. Na 2014, na ihe auction, "Sotheby si" na London ọ gara n'okpuru hama maka 3.5 nde dollar.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na-ege ntị hụrụ sere site Malevich na 1912 na "Donkey ọdụ" ngosi, nke a haziri site Natalia Goncharova na Mihailom Larionovym. Mgbe ahụ, o keere òkè na ihe ngosi na Berlin na 1927. O we nye ya Malevich Hugo Hering. Ugbua site na ya na ọ na-agafe ihe nketa ya na nwunye ya na nwa ha nwanyị. Hering nketa rere ihe osise naanị na 1975, mgbe ọnwụ ya.

The Russian Museum

Ọrụ Malevich na Russian Museum ọkọnọ nke ọma. Ebe a, ma eleghị anya, ọ bụ ndị kasị baa ọgaranya collection of ọrụ ya. Site ọrụ nke a na-eme mgbanwe na educator emeso ya na nsọpụrụ, ya eserese ekenye onye a kasị asọpụrụ ebe.

Na ngụkọta, ego nke Russian Museum taa, e nwere ihe 100 eserese, plus dịghị ihe na-erughị 40 ndịna. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ọhụrụ datings. More-ezi ezi. The iche nke collection, adade ke Russian Museum, ka na eziokwu na-arụ ọrụ a abụghị nnọọ ọtụtụ, ha ka na-ekpuchi widest omume nso nke ọrụ ya. Dị ka n'oge ọrụ, fọrọ nke nta nke mbụ nwere na-egosipụta ezi uche osise na mgbe e mesịrị, nke na-adịghị aghọta ahịhịa nke artist onye na-ese "Black Square".

onye na-ese ọnwụ

Kazimir Malevich akpa ke Leningrad ke 1935. Dị ka uche ya, ahụ enịm ke akpati ozu suprematic na-anọchite anya a cross na ogwe aka a gbatịrị agbatị na kpọrọ ozu ya ọkụ.