Mere France - Nke ise Republic: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke aha

The akụkọ abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, mgbe a mba dị ka nwoke, ma e wezụga aha, ukara aha, nwere a dị iche iche, n'ịgba. Ka aha Canada - "The obodo nke maple akwukwo" - ike kọwara site peculiarities nke ndị mejupụtara nke deciduous ọhịa nke North America Afrika, ma ihe atụ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị otú doro anya. Ka ihe atụ, ihe mere France - Nke ise Republic, ma ọ bụ, sịnụ, China, ndị bi n'ime ya na-akpọ onwe China? Roots - n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Ihe Nlereanya na akụkọ

Ebe a bụ ezigbo ndị atụ. Ná mmalite nke puku afọ mbụ mgbe Kraịst oge ochie Rome ghọrọ a ogige eden na wusiri ike nke Kraịst oge mbụ. Mgbe ahụ ransacked site ìgwè mmadụ nke Ọzọ, m furu efu na ọnọdụ, na unofficial isi obodo nke Christian ụwa ghọrọ Constantinople. Na na XV narị afọ, nke a "obodo nke obodo", ma ọ bụ abụọ Rome, ọ dara na ghọrọ akụkụ nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na nkwado nwere a mpekere onwa kama nke obe.

Na n'oge a, anyị nwere bụ nna Jọn IV, a na-akpọ ụmụ "ndị tara", Vasily III of, merụsịrị mkpa ihe ọzọ na ime obodo na ndị mmadụ - Russia mgbe ọdịda nke Mongol-Tatar yoke e gbanwee site kpọmkwem feudal autocratic ala na a dị ike na mba. N'iji ọnọdụ a (ya aka site Union, jikọta Eastern na Western Christian ụka), Vasily III tọrọ na aha nke isi obodo nke atọ Rome.

Anyị na-agbalị-aza ajụjụ ahụ mere France a na-akpọ Nke ise Republic. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba a na-njikọ chiri anya na okwu "Republic", na ihe ndị dị na France n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kpebisiri ike N'ezie nke ihe ndị na-European Afrika.

Na isi, azịza nke ajụjụ mere France a na-akpọ Nke ise Republic bụ nnọọ mfe - na mba ise nke oruru. Ma ọ dabara na na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi akwụkwọ nke mba mbipụta mere "ọnụ" na Republic.

First French Republic

Mmalite nke Republican akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France nwere ike na--atụle French mgbanwe, akara kpọọ nke oké iwe bi ide nke mba na a nnọchianya nke eze ike, ndị a ma ama Bastille na 1789. Mgbe jụrụ mere France - Nke ise Republic taa, bụ mgbe ahụ na a ala nke mgbanwe na-agha obodo, ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ahụ maka ihe fọrọ nke nta Marx.

Daa me ọdachi ọdịiche ndụ ụkpụrụ na ruuru nke ọchịchị okirikiri na ndị nkịtị. Ihe ọzọ bụ na ọnụnọ nke mba ahụ mmepe nke etiti na klas, nke nwere ihe ida, na onye ahụ dị njikere guzoro ha ikike na ohere.

Ọzọkwa, dị ka anyị maara, sochiri njide na ihere laghachi Paris, ọ gbalịrị gbapụ na King Louis XVI, ogbugbu nke dum ezinụlọ eze na mkpọsa nke Republic - mbụ French Republic.

Site Robespierre na post-Napoleonic mweghachi

Ọ ga-kwuru na mbụ Republic kere ogologo - ruo mgbe 1804, mgbe France abụghị ihe alaeze edu Napoleon.

Ihe mgbe wụkwasịrị ka a mpi nke ọtụtụ :

• ọdịdọ nke ike site Bonaparte;
• guzobe ndị French Empire ;
• e meriri ndị na-akpọ oké usu-na expanses nke Russia;
• a usoro nke soje restorations nke eze ike na ọhụrụ revolutions.

Mere France, Nke ise Republic, dị ka ọ na ugbu a na-akpọ, na ya akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ọtụtụ revolutions na-alaghachikwuru onyeeze? Eleghị anya n'ihi na ọ bụ, site na nnukwu, akpa mba ụwa na-eme ka mgbanwe site na zuru ike nke otu onye na-ọzọ na-aga n'ihu iche nke gọọmenti.

Na site na 1848 ka 1852, e nwere nke abụọ Republic na ya version nke n'usoro ochichi, ọgwụgwụ ọ na-etinye ọzọ mweghachi. N'ocheeze nọdụ a na nkpuru nke Bourbons, na France ọzọ ghọrọ ihe alaeze.

The oruru na ida nke atọ Republic na-ata ụta Germany

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke atọ Republic ekwupụtakwa na nkwatu ikpeazụ French edidem na 1870 tupu na-arụ nke France na 1940 site Hitler ama agha. Mụrụ ịgbanwe iwu usoro ndị ọkọlọtọ - ike iche si ezigbo ọnọdụ ná mba.

The ụbọchị nke ọchịchị eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke France e debara mgbe ihere njedebe nke Franco-German War of 1870, mgbe Napoleon III jisiri ike na-atọgbọ Prussian isi, na ndị ya agha niile. Ka anya dị ka ozi ọma wee Paris, ihe fọrọ nke nta n'otu ntabi anya, e kpebiri kwusi onyeeze na oruru nke atọ Republic.

Ya mere, na onyeeze na France ọ bụ n'elu, ma mgbe ahụ niile ahụ mere France - 5th Republic, na bụghị nke atọ?

The post-agha ụwa iji

Ná ngwụsị nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na 1946, mba, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, na-na-arụsi esịtidem ewu. O doro anya na ụwa agbanweela a otutu. N'ụkpụrụ iwu na ndị dịrị ndụ tupu, ke izute ihe ịma aka na chọrọ nke modernity.

Na 1946, France ẹkenịmde a referendum, nke rụpụtara na ala aghọwo Omeiwu. Ọ bụ ya mere France ise Republic ka na-anọgide a ala na nke praịm minista nwere a ibu tụnyere uru nke president.

"N'ịbụ" na ochichi onye kwuo uche

French Fourth Republic ọma kere ruo 1958, mgbe e nwere ihe omume a na gosiri na ókè na-emesapụ aka ike dị mma maka na oge ịbụ.

Gịnị mere? Ọ ga-kwuru na France bụ onye kwuo uche n'ime, o nọgidere a colonial ike dị ukwuu na 1980s. Na 1958, n'otu afọ na otu onye nke chịrị - Algeria - a na nnupu isi daa. The omume n'ozuzu, ndị nkịtị, ma ndị na-esi ndị neryadovoe - agha zitere nọrọ n'okpuru nsogbu, jụrụ irube isi ọchịchị na, na Kama nke ahụ, na-agbalị ịmanye ọnọdụ na chọrọ maka ike.

The nchoputa nke a iwu ọhụrụ bụ nwoke jisiri akwụsịcha ime na-eru nsogbu na mba na weghachi iji na mba - a mmasị site na ọtụtụ French na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ibu Sharl De Goll. Ọ bụ ya mere France - Nke ise Republic. Atụmatụ nke iwu ọhụrụ - ike ọrụ nke president na-azọpụta bụrụkwa okwu nzuko omeiwu na mkpa nke isi ochichi ohere.