Mosaics na frescoes of St. Sophia: nkọwa, foto

St. Sophia Cathedral - a pụrụ iche ncheta nke omenala, nke nwere ọtụtụ aha. Ọ na-akpọ ndị Hagia Sophia, St Sophia Museum na National Reserve. Ma n'agbanyeghị otú uda aha ya, nke a bụ ebe a pụrụ iche ncheta nke ije nke Ancient rus na Byzantium.

The ngosi nka bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya frescoes na mosaics. St. Sophia frescoes achọ 3,000 sq.m. On 260 square mita na-kpọkọtara otu nnukwu Mozis. Sophia Cathedral na Old Russian ala abụghị nnọọ a ụlọ chọọchị, ma ndị na-ewu nke ọha na eze ụlọ ọrụ.

History nke e kere eke

Banyere oge nke na-ewu nke ncheta bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ihe ọ bụla mara. Otú ọ dị, "The Akụkọ nke gara Years" kwuru banyere 1037 dị ka afọ nke na-ewu nke Hagia Sophia. N'oge a, ndị na-achịkwa Yaroslav Mudry. Ụfọdụ na isi mmalite na-ekwu na ntọala nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ tọgbọrọ 1017 n'oge ọchịchị nke Vladimir m Sviatoslavovych. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ka na-na-achọ na-eche na ọ bụ 1037, ndị na-ewu nke ncheta e butere. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, na Kiev Sophia frescoes chekwara ha mbụ uru n'oge anyị.

Ihe E Mere na-ekwu na 1036 jikọtara a na-achọta Yaroslava Mudrogo na Novgorod Volyn. N'oge a, ọ bịakwutere ya na ozi ọma na-akwadebe ọgụ ndị Pechenegs na Kiev. Jaroslav chikọta allies nke ndi bi na Novgorod. N'oge na-adịghị, a agha nke eze meriri na efehe na Pechenegs. Na aha mmeri na agha na saịtị ahụ na ụlọ nsọ e liri ya.

Na Greek Sophia pụtara "ihe." Ya mere, Hagia Sophia bụ ngosipụta nke nrara Christian amamihe na akara mmeri nke Orthodox ndị mmadụ n'elu na ikpere arụsị. Sophia Cathedral dị ka ihe ncheta nke ime mmụọ omenala taa bụ nke akpan akpan uru.

Cathedral Building

Ọkachamara na-ekwu na ndị na-ewu nke St. Sophia ewe banyere 40 artists na ọtụtụ na-enyere aka. M wuru a ncheta maka banyere 3 afọ, na a di na nwunye ọzọ afọ ekpe na ya na-ebu n'ime ime finishing. The erection nke temple aku omenkà si Constantinople, nke na-kpọmkwem kpọrọ Yaroslav Mudry. Si na katidral ụlọ ahụ akụkụ anọ na gburugburu ogidi iri cruciform udi. Ọ mma iri na atọ domes (taa, e nwere 19), na-anọchi anya ndị ozi 12 ahụ na Jizọs Kraịst. Isi dome e wuru na etiti nke temple, anọ n'elu ebe ịchụàjà, na ndị fọdụrụ na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ nke ulo.

Mgbe katidral bụ nanị abụọ n'ime ọtụtụ veranda n'ụdị ihe na-emeghe Ofel gburugburu ụlọ n'akụkụ atọ. The abụọ nke ụlọ e ji site na-akpọ Chamber of onyeisi ezinụlọ na ọwọrọiso bi.

N'ihi na ndị na-ewu nke katidral eji nkanka nke konkiri na nkume nzu ngwọta na anuahade brick. The facades na-adịghị techie. The ụlọ e mere nke-edu ndú Ibé akwụkwọ na ekpuchi domes na vaults. Walls, ogidi na arches nke St. Sophia Cathedral e mma mara mma eserese, bi 5000 square mita. Taa, ke akpasarade ụdị chebekwara nanị 2,000 square mita nke frescoes.

Ọgụgụ oge nke ihe

N'oge ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, na St. Sophia Cathedral diri ọtụtụ ule. Ọ ugboro ugboro ebibi ma nd-wuru, fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-ewughachi mgbidi. Na 1240, chọọchị wara isi mgbanwe maka oge mbụ, ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka Kiev wakpoo ndị Mongol-Tatars. Sophia Cathedral (Cathedral picture adade ke ibuotikọ) e Sacked na fọrọ nke nta ebibi. M wee ruo oge ụfọdụ, ịdị ebube na ntịme nke na agba.

Complete mweghachi nke ncheta Sophia Katidral bụ n'okpuru Metropolitan Petro Mohyla, onye tọrọ ntọala ndị chọọchị na ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Katidral bụ nke mbụ anya, ma ụlọ ahụ n'onwe ya choro ozugbo nwughari. Na afọ 1633-1647 chọọchị ikpe weghachiri eweghachi. Rụziri, dochie ụlọ, ala na arụnyere okomoko mma iconostasis ke Katidral nke Sophia Katidral. Photos, n'ime mere, nwere ike na-ebunye naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe ndị mara mma.

1697 ghọrọ katidral egbu. The ọkụ iwesa fọrọ nke nta niile osisi ụlọ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e kpebiri isi nwughari. Mgbe atọ tiered mgbịrịgba elu e wuru Sofia. Na 1852 e dechara nke-anọ EBIONITISM. The ụlọ nke katidral na-reconstructed, na ọ na-ahụkarị nke oge atụmatụ nke Ukrainian Baroque.

Na 1722-1730 afọ na ebe obibi ndị mọnk refectory na wuru a na-eme bred, nke e mesịrị-chọpụtara na diocesan ochichi.

Na 1934, e wuru n'ụlọ nsọ nke Soviet ọchịchị mkpebi a mara ọkwa site State idobere nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ije.

Soviet oge, ka ume ndụ ọhụrụ n'ime mmepe nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Ọ bụ n'oge a ifịk ifịk rụrụ mweghachi-arụ ọrụ, n'ihi nke a weghachiri eweghachi mputa nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ na ndị ọzọ ụlọ nke mgbagwoju.

Na 1990 Sophia Cathedral ama esịne ke otu UNESCO ndepụta ụwa omenala ụlọ ọrụ. N'otu afọ na katidral e ọdịda nke akwụkwọ, nke nyere ikike onwe-management.

A pụrụ iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta - Sophia Katidral. Description na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya e kere eke excites ndị pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche ọbụna ndị mmadụ n'ebe okpukpe.

7 eziokwu banyere St. Sophia

1. Cathedral mgbịrịgba elu e wuru site Hetman Ivanom Mazepoy. Ruo ugbu a, e nwere nnukwu mgbịrịgba "Mazepa", nke na 1705 wụsara nwe Athanasius Petrovich na ina na na ego Ivana Mazepy. Bell bụ ezi ụkpụrụ ụlọ masterpiece. Ọ na-mma na ihe ịchọ mma ya na ogwe aka Hetman.
2. Cellars nke St. Sophia Cathedral na-eme a na nnukwu n'ọbá akwụkwọ Yaroslava Mudrogo, onye mysteriously okụrede ebe. The naanị banyere ọ na-echekwara "Akụkọ nke gara Years" Nestor na ihe ndị mere. Ugbu a eleghị anya, ọ na-ezo na Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra.
3. Sophia Cathedral nwere otu nke rarest Oranta Mozis. Ọ na-egosi na Nne nke Chineke na gbatịrị agbatị aka, na-agụghachi ekpere. Enweghị nwa ya fọrọ nke nta mgbe ẹwụtde. Nke a dị ebube picture a maara dị ka "kwụọ Wall".
4. The frescoes of St. Sophia nwere a okpukpe nghazi ka ukwuu. Ukwuu n'ime ha egosi ekpere maka mgbaghara ndị mmadụ. Otu nke mgbidi na-eme na Prince Brjachislav e dere ịgbaghara ya, mmehie na nhụsianya.
5. Ke 2008, Sophia nke Kyiv nwetaghachiri ya siri silver Gate na oyiyi nke ndị nsọ. Na 30 afọ ha na e zigara ihe owuwu site Soviet ọchịchị. On mweghachi ha were banyere 100 n'arọ nke ọla-ọcha.
6. Okpukpe Shinto jupụtara bụghị nanị na-ekpe ekpere, ebe a ị nwere ike ịhụ ihe ịrịba ama nke a okpukpe anya.
7. N'oge ndị na-ewu ụlọ nsọ dị na Kiev, ọ ejikwara a iche iche tax, dị ka nke onye ọ bụla gara obodo, nwere iji mee ka a ole na ole na nkume.

Of akpan akpan uru bụ murals Sofia Kiev ncheta. Mosaics na frescoes - a bụ isi mma nke katidral.

Mozis sere of St. Sophia

Nke a na ụdị nke sere bụ isi mmewere nke n'ime ime mma nke katidral. Yi ọcha Mozis mma Central dome na apse. Na ndị ọzọ akụkụ nke Katidral bụ omume na-atụgharị uche dịkarịa ala frescoes. Na a ụwa nke ọtụtụ oge ochie eserese, ma ọ frescoes na mosaics of St. Sophia na-atụle ezigbo ihe atụ nke nnukwu sere. Ha na-echekwawo na ha mbụ n'ụdị na ya mgbe mweghachi na ose. Ha na kpochara si n'ájá, nke nyere ha mbụ freshness na ịma mma.

Ágbá Sofia mosaics bụ otú ahụ mara mma na ya mgbe ụfọdụ yiri ka ọ bụrụ na anya ahụtụbeghị a ọzọ adabako Nchikota ọtụtụ agba, shades na shapes.

Ahụmahụ nka ebe a na akaụntụ maka 35 shades nke aja aja, green, 34 halftones, 23 shades nke odo, acha anụnụ anụnụ tint 21 na 19 aj u nke uhie. Sofia mosaics palette nwere 150 na agba, nke a na-egosi na Kievan rus bụ ọ bụla ghara imeri na mmepụta nke glazes.

Special ukpụhọde na okomoko mmasị Sofia mosaics ọlaedo ọlaedo. Ọ bụ na ha na-ekwekọ ndị ọzọ niile na shades.

Mozis "Christ - Pantocrator"

The isi nke etiti dome na-mma na a nnukwu medallion na etiti nke nke bụ otu ihe oyiyi nke "Christ - Pantocrator". Mozis rụrụ dị ka iwu si na uzọ nke a anya. Ná mmalite na dome anọ oyiyi onyeisi ndị mmụọ ozi. N'ụzọ dị mwute, akụkụ nke ha ọbọhọ naanị otu tile image nke akọ XI narị afọ. Ndị fọdụrụ akụkụ bụ ịrụcha ágbá na XIX narị afọ.

Na Central ọnọdụ nke dome drum na Mozis ọgụgụ nke Apostle Paul na Jizọs Kraịst, na-anọchite anya onyinyo nke Hierophant. The oyiyi nke anyị Lady nke ọkara furu efu.

dome drum ụgbọ mmiri na-mma na nkwusa ozioma Mark. On girth arches mbụ ya e odude 30 mara mma mosaics, nke naanị 15 ọbọhọ.

Mozis "Maria Oranta"

Nchịkọta nke isi ebe ịchụàjà a mma na a nnukwu Mozis nke Nne nke Chineke (Oranta) na a ekpere ala. Nke a image guzo si dum nke ime sere. Ya elu bụ banyere 6 mita. Nne nke Chineke na-anọchi na Jeweled n'elu ikpo okwu na-akpọlite aka. Ọ na-yi uwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ uwe, na kpuchie na-anya, nwanyị ákwà na gold folds. Iyiri akpụkpọ na-acha uhie uhie akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche monumentality na ịdị ebube pụrụ iche. Rich agba ozugbo enwetaghị anya. Site na nke a, ihe oyiyi bụ a Mozis "Oriri Nsọ", nke na-anọchite idaha udo nke Ndịozi. Near ocheeze bụ archangels na vanes. Ọzọkwa dị nso bụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Jesus Christ. Ọ na-enye ndịozi solemnly adabara ya si n'akụkụ niile, n'ụdị nke sacrament nke achịcha na mmanya. Ndịozi na-yi uwe na-egbuke egbuke ekike, na Jesus-acha anụnụ anụnụ ezo na a-acha odo odo uwe, mma na gold. Pụrụ iche na agba saturation mejupụtara e nyere ocheeze ogho uhie. The ala EBIONITISM nke njiko na-mma na oyiyi nke nsọ na archdeacons.

Sophia Cathedral: murals

Mma na frescoes akuku nile nke Katidral, dị ka ha nwere ike hụrụ na ụlọ elu, na-ekwe ukwe na veranda. The mbụ oyiyi ikpe ọhụrụ n'oge mweghachi na Asaa na narị afọ. Ná ngwụsị nke na Asaa na narị afọ ahụ mebiri emebi frescoes of St. Sophia ndị kpamkpam rụzigharịa. Ikpe ọhụrụ picture mmanụ ágbá na-etinyere. Oil sere n'oge ahụ nọchitere anya ndị na nkà uru, ma ya ibé kpamkpam ugboro ugboro sere oge ochie frescoes.

Na XIX narị afọ, ọ ẹkenịmde isi obodo mweghachi ọrụ, dị ka a N'ihi nke a niile n'ígwé nke oge ochie frescoes e sụrụ. N'ebe ụfọdụ, iji chebe ndị mbụ ensemble nwere itinye ụfọdụ foto.

Fresco of St. Sophia usoro na-agụnye ihe oyiyi nke ọtụtụ ihe ịchọ mma, Mpaghara, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nsọ na ndị na-ogologo na ọkara ọgụgụ.

Fresco "The ezinụlọ Yaroslava Mudrogo"

Nke a image bụ-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa ná ncheta Sophia Katidral. The frescoes ogide n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda n'akụkụ nke isi nave. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, akụkụ bụ isi nke ihe ndị mejupụtara na-anwụghị ka ụbọchị anyị, o nwere ike ịchọta na Dutch artist Abraham van Westerfeld, bụ onye letara Kiev na 1651.

A Mozis nke Yaroslav Mudry ejide a layout of St. Sophia, emi odude nso nwunye ya Princess Irina. Ha na-aga Jesus Christ, nke na-egosi na Prince Vladimir na Olga - na founders nke Christianity oge ochie Russia. N'ihi na onyeisi di na nwunye, ha na ụmụ ha na-aghaghị Christ. Nke a nnukwu mejupụtara n'omume chebere. Taa, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na abụọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na n'ebe ugwu na anọ na Ndida mgbidi.

Prince Yaroslav na sarcophagus

Eastern akụkụ nke veranda Kiev ẹkenịmde n'ili nke Prince Sofia. Na ya na-eli nile onyeisi ezinụlọ. Taa, anyị nwere ike ịhụ naanị ihe sarcophagus Yaroslava Mudrogo, nke enyene akụkụ nke ebe ịchụàjà ụlọ n'ebe ugwu gallery. Ọ bụ a akụkụ anọ igbe na a protruding na n'akụkụ nke mkpuchi. All mma na foto nke osisi, anụ ufe, obe na ndị ọzọ na akara nke oge ochie Christianity. Ili Atụlee banyere 6 tọn. Marble sarcophagus e me si Byzantium.

Na 1939, n'ili e meghere, na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na e nwere ọkpụkpụ nke ndị ikom na ndị inyom, onye ọkpụkpụ e weere. Nke a bu eziokwu, na eziokwu na na sarcophagus e nweghị metụtara nke eyi, bụ kpọmkwem ihe àmà nke ohi.

Ọ a pụtara na a nwoke ọkpụkpụ bụ Yaroslav Amamihe, ndinyom - nwunye ya Irina. Okpokoro Isi Yaroslava Mudrogo jere ozi dị ka a nlereanya ike a sculptural Eserese nke-isi, nke a na-now emi odude ke edem edere akụkụ nke katidral. Na September 2009, sarcophagus ọzọ emeghere nnyocha. Mgbe ahụ, e nwere ndị asịrị na ọ dịghị emesi obi ike na ọkpụkpụ-anọgide nwe Yaroslav Mudry.

Ọ bụla bi na guest nke obodo Kiev pụrụ ịhụ ịma mma na ịdị ebube nke ncheta Sophia Katidral. Esi isi chọọchị nke Kievan rus? Okpukpe Shinto emi odude ke ul. Vladimir, 24.

Ebe a bụ ma ama Sofia ebe, ebe ruo ogologo oge na-enwe ụdị nile nke ihe, ọ bụghị nanị na okpukpe, ma na-socio-akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ebe a, anyị haziri nzukọ ma hazie ihe ngosi. Taa square na-mma na a ncheta Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.