Mustard: photo, cultivation, ojiji, nkọwa, Microscopy

Otu nke na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa nri na-ebe-ewere dị ka mustard. Ịkwadebe ya nnọọ ike, na-zuru ezu mịrị amị na-eyi ime biya osisi na mmiri ma tinye arọ nke aza ala ịta mmanya (apple ma ọ bụ mmanya) na dị iche iche ngwa nri, dị ka cinnamon, ose, n'ọnụ mmiri akwukwo, tarragon, celery, yabasị na garlic.

Mustard, nke e ji esi nri ngwa nri, bụ nke atọ di iche iche:

• White. The omenala nri nke England na-akpọ English.
• Black. Ya osisi na-eji kwadebe ama Dijon mustard. E nwere ihe karịrị 20 ụzọ nke nri a sizinin.
• Mustard, na Europe ọ na-ọzọ a maara dị ka ndị Russian (banyere ya na a ga-atụle isiokwu anyị).

nkọwa

Mustard bụ kwa afọ herbaceous osisi, na-eru a elu nke 40-100 cm, na a na mkpanaka, dịtụ na-adịghị ike mgbọrọgwụ. On chịm branching ị ga ndokwa azuokokoosisi epupụta, ebelata elu, mgbe ihe ndekọ na-abụghị nke ukwuu ekewa, shortened na petiole. The ala epupụta ndị ọzọ, petiolate, na-emekarị lirovidnoperisto-lobed, green, na nke ahụ bụ na nnọọ top - dum, sessile, ma ọ bụghị amplexicaul na bluish hue.

Inflorescence mustard sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya ahịhịa na ngwa ngwa na-aghọ aba ke okooko oge. The anọ perianth kpụrụ spaced sepals, ọlaedo-odo corolla na petals, ngwa ngwa ibelata ke ntu. Na sarepstkoy mustard - 6 stamens, abụọ nke ndị mpụga na mkpumkpu, a obere mmanụ aṅụ glands ke ukot; n'ihu abụọ ogologo, e nwere otu nnukwu ibé ígwè. The pistil mejupụtara ovary-oghere na capitate ihere.

Mkpụrụ nke mustard na a linear, na mkpa, lumpy pod ogologo 7 na 12 mm. Na dayameta nke osisi - banyere 1 mm, ha na agba nwere ike ịbụ ma nwa-bluish na aja aja ma ọ bụ acha odo odo. Okooko mustard bụ na May, na nkpuru chaa - June.

Ebe hụrụ?

Mustard absently etolite Central Asia, n'ebe ugwu China, Mongolia na Southern Siberia. The osisi nwere ike ịchọta ma na steppe mpaghara, na ohere iputa ala nso ụzọ. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ afọ na feral mustard kama siri ike. The Russian osisi ka nwetara a ohere ada na Lower Volga flax mkpụrụ millet, ma ndị obodo ahụ jisiri inwale Njirimara nke oleaginous osisi, na ha malitere ịdị na-eme ya cultivation. Ka ụbọchị, ndị agha ebe n'etiti oilseeds atọ ebe bụ kpọmkwem sareptskaya mustard (ojiji, àgwà na chemical mejupụtara na-kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na isiokwu a). Ọ bụghị nnọọ site n'obodo nta mbụ Sarepta mustard mmanụ na nkume igwe nri ọbụna mepere 1810.

Mustard: Microscopy

Na nkpuru, esịnede nke anụ ahụ na ẹmbrayo bụ fọrọ nke nta dịghị ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ nnọchi anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ endosperm. A cross ngalaba nwere ike hụrụ ole na ole akpukponu inyinya cotyledons na mgbọrọgwụ gburugburu udi.

Mustard (Microscopy na- enen) mejupụtara anọ n'ígwé. Large colorless mkpụrụ ndụ nke nwere imi-etolite ihe elu oyi akwa, ma ọ bụ epidermis. Nke a na-agbaso site a nnọọ nnukwu mkpa-walled mkpụrụ ndụ, ọzịza na macerating na fọrọ nke nta ada ala akọrọ mkpụrụ.

Sel atọ, sclerenchyma oyi akwa bụ nnọọ ihe e ji mara Ọdịdị. On cross-ngalaba hụrụ ha na mmiri na ebili mmiri, ọ na-ejikọrọ na ahaghị elu, ndị uniformly na-amụba, mgbe kpukpru usen. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mkpụrụ doro elu.

Tangential elongated mkpụrụ ndụ nke nwere aja aja ink, na-etolite a anọ oyi akwa - akpụkpọ soro endosperm. Ma nwa anụ ahụ na-anọchi anya ya mkpa-walled mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ọdụdụ mmanụ na aleurone mkpụrụ.

chemical mejupụtara

mustard osisi iso nke mkpa mmanụ na Allyl Mustard, potassium bisulfate na glycoside sinigrin gbarie na glucose n'okpuru nduzi mirozina enzyme. Site fermented osisi nwere ike kwadebere mustard mkpa mmanụ site distillation iji uzuoku. The mejupụtara nke enwetara ngwaahịa bụ ugbu ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 40% Allyl Mustard mmanụ na elu 50% krotonilgorchichnogo na tsianallil, metụtara nke carbon disulfide na dimethyl sulfide. Ke adianade do, ọ na-e kwuru na ọnụnọ nke ihe ethereal slabovysyhayuschego mustard mmanụ ọdụdụ mmanụ esịnede erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, myristic acid na behenic acid, na imi na-edozi. The epupụta nke osisi nwere carotene, ascorbic acid, calcium nnu na ígwè.

Mustard: na-eto eto

Osisi na-eto nke ọma na rụrụ, tụụrụ na mma-drained ala, ke adianade do, ga-enwe ohere ìhè anyanwụ. Propagated mustard (nkọwa, Microscopy, chemical mejupụtara nyere n'elu) osisi ẹsuande na-emeghe n'ala, ọ bụ na-achọsi ike spring. Dị ka a na-achị, n'ihi na cultivation nke osisi họrọ ebe na-ekpo ọkụ climates.

Agha akwukwo mustard osisi a rụrụ n'oge dị ka o kwere omume. Okooko osisi bụ na June na July, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke kabeeji ezinụlọ. Ná mmalite agha rosette nke epupụta n'ihu cheta, ubọchi ogologo, ke adianade do, na seedlings ga-echebe site na crucifer àkpịrị ébé.

N'ihi na-eto eto mustard optionally igbunye iche iche akwa, ọ na-etolite ọma na n'etiti ahịrị. Mkpụrụ na-akụ na a omimi nke ọ bụla karịrị 1 cm. Ozugbo mbụ epupụta, seedlings mkpa mkpa nke mere na anya n'etiti ha bụ 5 ruo 8 cm. N'ikpeazụ mkpa fertilizing nitrogen fatịlaịza na atọ. Mgbe ihe ụbọchị 20 mustard elu esịmde 10-15 cm, na-adị njikere maka ojiji.

Nso ikwu nke omenala osisi na-kabeeji, watercress, radishes, turnips, rutabaga, radish, ndina n'ike, na oyi na mmiri oilseed idina mmadụ n'ike. Nke a ga-atụle mgbe eme atụmatụ na akuku nke osisi. Adabara na-eto eto mustard ebe mbụ na-eto flax mmanụ nkpuru, millet, sunflower ma ọ bụ biiti.

Olee na-anakọta na-enwetara ngwaọrụ?

Mustard, ma ọ bụ kama ya osisi njikere maka owuwe ihe ubi mgbe mfri eke ke ala na n'etiti akụkụ nke osisi pods, si otú malitere ịnwụ nke ala epupụta.

First ahihia nkụ na jiri nwayọọ mkpụrụ na na ọcha osisi. Ha na-mgbe ahụ agbasawo a mkpa oyi akwa na a tree na n'ikpeazụ Fikiere ke a ọma ventilated ebe. Iji mma akụrụngwa nke Takọọ, ọ nwere ike tụgharịa ma ọ bụ bido.

The mịrị amị mustard osisi ịgbanwee na ákwà akpa. Echekwa ngwaọrụ na-atụ aro na Limbo na a ventilated na akọrọ ebe, izere mustiness.

Adị ndụ nke mustard osisi - 2 afọ, ya mere, na-agbalị iji ha n'oge a. Ọ bụrụ na ndị akụrụngwa ka na-ekpe, ọ ga-atụba ya. Igabiga osisi na-atụ aro maka ojiji.

Mustard dị ka fatịlaịza

Dị ọhụrụ osisi uka, a na-agbakwunyere na ala jupụta ya organic bekee nwere ike ji mee mustard. The green nsị:

• ike ikpochapụ n'ala ata, karịsịa na-emezu Ona.
• Ekele smart phytosanitary Njirimara echebe megide slugs, wireworm na agwa nla, na-egbochi ọdịdị mbubreyo ọrịa akụkụ na akpụkpa na poteto.
• Ngwa ngwa enwekwu biomass, dapụtara na ala nwetaghachi nri.
• Ọ mma ala Ọdịdị. The mgbọrọgwụ nke mustard, na-eru a ogologo 1.5-3 mita, mma-drained ala na esighi ike na-enye ndị magburu onwe mmiri na-eguzogide ma vozduhoemkost.
• Igbu oge nitrogen na ala na-atọghata ndị ọzọ nri na organics enweghị ime ka ha na-aga n'ime a miri oyi akwa.
• N'okpuru nduzi nke snow osisi green nsị na converted n'ime mulch, nke, n'aka, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oyi na-echebe n'ala ịnwụ n'oké.

mustard iche

Na aha nke ozuzu rụzuru nke Russian Federation aha 9 iche mustard, mma maka ojiji:

• Ntụpọ ahụ - n'oge maturing, na ọkara-na-agbasa rosette, na-eru a elu nke 25-28 cm si pulitere ka nākpacha greenery agbaba si 25 ụbọchị 30 ..
• Mustard volnushki. Nka na ụzụ okè na-abịa a ọnwa. Early maturing dịgasị iche iche na a ubé agbasa, nnukwu, kwem rosette n'obosara esịmde 25-32 cm. Mustard volnushki ngwa ngwa amụba green uka.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. Nka na ụzụ okè na-abịa mgbe 58-60 ụbọchị.
• Mustang - n'etiti-ọkwa, osisi dị elu esịmde 25-27 cm.
• Sadko.
• Pretty. Anakọta green nwere ike na-amalite 18-20 ụbọchị mgbe ntoputa.
• Prima.
• Ume.

Jiri nke na kichin

Mustard hụrụ eji na-esi nri. Site ọ na-enyo oké ụtọ, ana-akọwa palatability nke ọtụtụ efere. mustard powder-eji na njikere nke Mayonezi, dị iche iche na sauces na dressings. The gburu osisi enye a pụrụ iche flavor nke sausages na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa.

Mkpọ oriri, fesa na mustard ntụ ntụ, dịruru ogologo. Tablespoon mustard-emekarị na-eje ozi dị ka a emeju azụ na anụ, nakwa dị ka ịṅụ sịga.

Ọdụdụ mustard mmanụ ruru ka ezigbo uto a na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na-esi nri ma na-na mmepụta nke butere ngwongwo na mkpọ rụpụtara. Dị ka chefs na n'ọtụtụ mba, nke a bụ ihe magburu onwe nanị maka salads, agwa efere, anụ na sauces.

Mustard powder bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ mmepụta nke sauces, "Kuban", "amu amu" na "South". Young mustard elu mgbe agbakwunyere salads bụghị naanị-eme ka ha na vitamin C, ma mma palatability.

Ọzọ ebe ojiji

Mustard hụrụ ngwa ọ bụghị nanị na n'ụlọ nri ma na-na na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ezé si mmanụ nkpuru osisi na-eji maka oyi, bronchial mkpali ọrịa, elu akwara, pleurisy, ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, radiculitis na myositis.

Mustard mmanụ achicha eji dị ka akụrụngwa maka inweta phytin, nke gosiri maka ọgwụgwọ nke neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension na vaskụla diathesis. Arụpụta ezi na-nwetara mgbe ọgwụ adịghị na ọnwụ nke agụụ.