Na nkume nzu Njirimara. Rock bụ nkume nzu. na nkume nzu usoro

Limestone - eke nkume, nke bụ a adụ sedimenti organic ma ọ bụ organo-chemical si malite, emi esịnede tumadi nke calcium carbonate (calcite). Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ mejupụtara quartz ọcha, phosphate, silica, ụrọ na ájá ahụ na calcareous residues ọkpụkpụ microorganisms. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle nke a eke ihe onwunwe, ya na ụdị, Njirimara na akporo nke ngwa, nakwa dị ka chọpụta ihe bụ chemical usoro nke na nkume nzu, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

guzobere na nkume nzu

Iji malite, ka anyị lee otú ndị a mineral na-kpụrụ. Limestone tumadi guzobere a na-emighị emi mmiri efere, ọ bụ ezie na e nwekwara freshwater. Ọ na-adị n'ụdị ego na n'ígwé. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ precipitates, dị ka gypsum na nnu si evaporating oké osimiri mmiri lagoons na ọdọ mmiri. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu nke na ọ na-edebe ke oké osimiri nile na mebeghị ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ihicha. Formation nke kasị nkume nzu malite na nkewa nke ndu eme ntule site n'oké osimiri mmiri iwu calcium carbonate shells na ọkpụkpụ. Lee ndị foduru nke nwụrụ anwụ ntule na nnukwu quantities imubanye na n'ala mmiri ahụ. Ndị kasị dị ịrịba atụ nke icheta na ìgwè calcium carbonate bụ coral kpụkọtara ọnụ. N'ihi ya, mgbe ụfọdụ, na a ezumike na nkume nzu onye shells nwere ike hụrụ. N'okpuru nduzi nke ya n'oké osimiri na site mmetụta nke ebili mmiri na-surf alaiyi ezumike. Na na n'ala oké osimiri ahụ ka mubanye irighiri nkume nzu calcium carbonate, nke precipitates si jupụta mmiri ha. Na-na-akụziri ndị na-eto na nkume nzu nkume aka calcium, nke na-abịa site ebibi oge ochie nkume.

umu

E nwere ọtụtụ di iche iche nke na nkume nzu. Coquina akpọ ụyọkọ shells na ha rifọrọ, sikwuo na a n'ụgbụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ guzobere. N'ihe ebe shei nwere nnọọ obere size, kpụrụ adụ, loosely tinyere, mmanụ e finely achọ ntisa na nkume nzu - nzu. Oolitic rock mejupụtara obere, banyere size nke azụ àkwá sikwuo bọọlụ. The isi nke ọ bụla nwere ike na-anọchite anya a na ibe akwụkwọ nke shei, ọ bụla ọka nke ájá ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ si mba ọzọ ihe onwunwe urughuru. Na mere mgbe ndị chaplet na-ebu ibu, dị ka agwa, na-akpọ ha pizolitami na izu, karị, pizolitovym nkume nzu. Ọzọ variant bụ travertine - ọ na-kpụrụ n'elu n'oge ọdịda nke calcite ma ọ bụ aragonite carbonic mmiri na isi mmalite. Ọ bụrụ na ndị a ego bụ ukwuu porous mkpụrụ (ogbo), ọ na-akpọ tuff. Unconsolidated ngwakọta nke ụrọ calcium carbonate-akpọ marl.

Ke adianade do, na nkume nzu nke nwere ike ịdị iche iche na agba. Basic agba - acha ọcha. Ma, ọ pụkwara ịbụ odo, ìhè agba aja aja, ìhè na agba ntụ, ọ dịkarịa ala - ubé pinkish. White-pink na-acha ọcha-edo edo nkume na-atụle ihe ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa.

na nkume nzu usoro

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, nke a eke ihe na-emi esịnede tumadi nke calcite ma ọ bụ calcite anọgide nke ọkpụkpụ na shells, adịkarịghị nke aragonite. Ya mere na nkume nzu usoro ga-dị ka ndị a: CaCO _3. Otú ọ dị, dị ọcha ụdị bụ nnọọ obere, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-agụnye dị iche iche adịghị nke quartz, ụrọ minerals, dolomite, gypsum, pyrite na, n'ezie, organic residues. N'ihi ya, dolomitic nkume nzu (Formula a ghara ịdị na-agụnye MgO) mejupụtara si anọ na asaa percent magnesium oxide, marly - ruo pasent 21 nke acidic oxides (SiO ₂ + R ₂ O _3). The mejupụtara pụrụ ịgụnye carbonate dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, na, na obere ichekwa - oxides, sulfides na hydroxides nke Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} caso _4.

Limestone: Properties na Ngwa

Physico-n'ibu Njirimara nke nkume dị nnọọ heterogeneous, Otú ọ dị, na-adabere na na ya ụdị na Ọdịdị. High ụmụ akwụkwọ atụle Njirimara nke nkume nzu (mezuwo 4) site ọnọdụ nke ya ọdịdị ha. Ha na-amụ na-esonụ parameters: agba, njupụta, ike, ala, solubility. Anyị na-aga a obere n'ihu na-atụle ukwuu omimi na Njirimara nke mineral. Limestone nwere a njupụta na nso 2700-2900 n'arọ / m ^3. Nke a mmajijiji bụ n'ihi na ego nke adịghị ẹdude quartz, dolomite na ndị ọzọ na mineral. Nnukwu njupụta mgbanwe a ukwuu ibu nso. Ya mere, travertine na shei ọ bụ naanị 800 kg / m ^3, mgbe crystalline rock esịmde 2800 kg / m ^3. Ịtụle Njirimara nke nkume nzu, o kwesịrị iburu n'uche na compressive ike nke nkume na-adabere na ya nnukwu njupụta. Ya mere shei mkpatụ ọ bụ nanị 0.4 MPa, na na afanitov eru nso 300 MPa. The n'elu ji mara kpebisiri ike ghara ịdị na ngwa ndị a ihe. Ihe atụ, na ndị na-ewu ihe kọmpat nkume nzu eji na masonry mgbidi na porous dị mma maka lining na-eke ji achọ ensembles.

Mmetụta nke ihu igwe

Dabere na mmiri larịị nke na nkume nzu Njirimara nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Nke a bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ya ike - ya na-ịrịba belata ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri nkume. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị ego nwere a mbuaha ìgwè. N'oge a ị kwesịrị ị na etinye uche pụrụ iche, n'ihi na nke inhomogeneous ihe onwunwe ga-adị iche na njupụta, nke n'aka nke nwere ike ime ka mbibi. Inyocha ihe Njirimara nke nkume nzu-ekwesịghị ileghara, na parameters dị ka ntu oyi na-eguzogide: a ukwuu na-emetụta ndị ịnweta ike na oge nke na-eme. Ya mere, crystalline limestones ntu oyi bụ 300-400 cycles. Otú ọ dị, a ọnụ ọgụgụ a na budata belata na ọnụnọ nke cracks na pores na ihe onwunwe. N'ihi ya, ihe niile dị n'elu Njirimara nke nkume nzu dị mkpa iji tụlee nke a eke ihe, na iji gbochie mbibi ya.

Limestone maka ewu

The ewu ụlọ ọrụ bụ isi n'ji nke ịnweta ego n'ihu anyị. Dolomitic (rock) nkume nzu na-eji maka mmepụta nke putty na plaster mixtures, sealants na ndị ọzọ. White nkume nzu na nnukwu quantities na-eji na finishing na mma nke ụlọ. Coquina a na-hụrụ dị ka ụlọ blocks, na na. D. Anyị agaghị elekwasị anya na ọrụ a, na ọ na-ọma nile maara. Na Ya mere na-aga n'ihu.

Limestone na oge a na ulo oru mmepụta

Ọ na-enyo na a eke ihe onwunwe na-eji na mmepụta nke akọwa, rubbers na plastik. A ọcha nke adịghị emerụ mmadụ, na-eji ọbụna na nri ụlọ ọrụ. Production nke iko bụ ekwe omume na-enweghị na nkume nzu, n'ihi na ọ bụ isi iyi nke calcium. Nke a ghara ịdị na-nweghi ihe yiri ya, na ọtụtụ ihe - oké ọnụ akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke akwụkwọ. Na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ anyị mgbe niile iji ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ọjà, linoleum, tile, taịl nile, etc .., na enweghị echiche na ihe niile ndị a ihe ndị na-ugbu nkume nzu. Ọbụna na mmepụta nke plastic (eyi, ịkwanyere, krempleny, lavsan, wdg) nwere ike ime na-enweghị a akụrụngwa. The ink eji calcium carbonate ka a agba? Ink. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ihe a nwere a na-eduga itie ke fọrọ nke nta niile ọrụ.

chemical ụlọ ọrụ

Ọbụna ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka n'akpụkpọ ụkwụ, asa ezé, nkwako ntụ ntụ, na na., Nke anyị na-eji eme ihe kwa ụbọchị, na-ewepụtara na nkume nzu. Ndị a ngwaọrụ eji imewe nke ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi site na mmetọ nke iche iche iche iche. Dabere na ndị e kwuru n'elu, anyị nwere ike n'enweghị ekwu na a maara nke ọma na ngwa ngwa dị ihe onwunwe bụ na nkume nzu, bụ ihe dị oké mkpa nke oge a na mmepe anya.

na-akpali eziokwu

A oké onyinye mmepe nke nkume a tụrụ atụ mere ndị dị iche iche nke South na Central America. Olmecs, Aztec, Mayans mere ịrịba ọganihu ike na-emepụta chalcedony, obsidian na sịlịkọn ígwè, ịcha ngwá ọrụ na ndị ọzọ ihe n'ụlọ. Ya mere, Rolling mkpọ, graters, ogbunigwe na otú ha ike basalt, sandstone na nkume nzu. Rụọ na ịbọ anụ ngwaọrụ mere nke diorite, jed, jed na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ. Tumadi maka nkume nhazi center bụ obodo nke Maya - The fineness na Nebaj.