North Caucasus: ọdịdị na nkọwa. Karịsịa ọdịdị nke Caucasus

The North Caucasus - a n'ókèala sara nke malitere Lower Don. Ọ enyene akụkụ nke Russian n'elu ikpo okwu na-agwụ ndị Great Caucasus iche. Mineral, ịnweta mmiri, ugbo na mmepe - mara mma ma na iche iche North Caucasus. Nature, site n'oké osimiri na expressive odida obodo, bụ ihe pụrụ iche. Ụba nke ìhè, okpomọkụ, nwetụ kpọrọ nkụ ma na iru mmiri ebe na-enye a dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

The odida obodo nke North Caucasus

Na ókèala nke North Caucasus bụ Krasnodar na Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region na Kabardino-Balkaria, North Osisha na Dagestan, Bosnia, Chechnya na Ingushetia. Ebube ugwu, adịghị agwụ agwụ steppes, ọkara desat, oké ọhịa ka na mpaghara a ka mma maka njem.

A ụwa dum nke na ugwu bụ North Caucasus. agwa ya dịgasị na elu elu oké osimiri. Odida obodo ebe a na-ekewa n'ime 3 zones:

1. Mountain.
2. Foothill.
3. Steppe (larịị).

Northern ókè-ala ebe gbatịrị n'agbata osimiri Kuban na Terek. E nwere a steppe mpaghara. Ọ na-amalite n'ebe ndịda nke Piedmont mpaghara, nke na-agwụ na otutu àmà.

The idụhe Emetụta ụba nke ugwu na mbọhọ nke oké osimiri - na Black, Azov, Caspian. Kwes mmiri, nke nwere ike dị na North Caucasus, nwere bromine, radium, ayodiin, potassium.

Ugwu nke North Caucasus

Site oké edere edere mpaghara na-ekpo ọkụ n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara erukwa ọdịdị nke Russia. Caucasus - ugwu ndị kasị elu ná mba ahụ. A kpụrụ ha n'oge Alpine ịkpakọba.

The usoro nke Caucasus Mountains a na-ewere a-eto eto ugwu akụkụ, nakwa dị ka Apennines, na Carpathians, ndị Alps, na Pyrenees, na Himalayas. Alpine orogeny - ikpeazụ oge nke orogeny. Ọ emewo ka ọtụtụ ugwu owuwu. Aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Alps, ebe usoro were kasị ahụkarị pụta ìhè.

Northern Territory Kọkeshịan na-anọchi anya ugwu Elbrus, Kazbek, na Rocky ịta nri riiji Cross agafe. Na nke a bụ naanị obere, ndị kasị ama akụkụ nke mkpọda na ugwu nta.

The kasị elu n'ebe ah u nke North Caucasus - bụ Kazbek, onye kasị elu mgbe bụ na gburugburu 5033 mita na nwuchapu ugwu mgbawa Elbrus -. 5642 m.

N'ihi ndị siri geological mmepe nke n'ókèala na ọdịdị nke Caucasus ugwu ka ọgaranya gas ubi, na mmanụ. E-abịa na Ngwuputa - mercury, ọla kọpa, tungsten, polymetallic ores.

Karịsịa ọdịdị nke North Caucasus

The ìgwè nke ịnweta iyi dị iche iche chemical mejupụtara na okpomọkụ, pụrụ ịchọta ebe a. The pụrụ iche uru nke mmiri emeela ka oruru nke-eme ebe. N'ịbụ ndị a maara maka ya isi iyi na spas Mineralnye Vody, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk.

Nature nke North Caucasus ekewa mmiri na akọrọ ebe. The isi iyi nke mmiri ozuzo bụ Atlantic Ocean. Ọ bụ ya mere Piedmont n'ógbè dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya zuru ezu, nke a gwara. Mgbe ọwụwa anyanwụ nwa kpughere ebe (uzuzu uzuzu) oké ifufe, akọrọ ifufe, oké ọkọchị.

Karịsịa ọdịdị nke North Caucasus ndị a dịgasị iche iche nke ikuku pụta. Na niile kara aka, ókèala nwere ike iru akọrọ Arctic oyi eruba, dee mmiri - na Atlantic, ebe okpomọkụ - Mediterranean. Air pụta, otu mgbe ọzọ, na-a dịgasị iche iche nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

Na ókèala nke Northern Caucasus na e nwere a obodo ifufe - foehn. Cool ugwu ikuku, ada ala nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ewe iwe. Ọ esịmde n'ala bụ ugbua na-ekpo ọkụ iyi. Nke a Nleta a ifufe draya.

Ọtụtụ mgbe oyi na-atụ ntụ pụta banye site na Kọkeshịan riiji, agafe gburugburu ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ. Mgbe ahụ n'ókèala na-aghọ a na naa na-ebibi nke thermophilic osisi.

ihu igwe

The North Caucasus bụ na ókè-ala nke ọnọdụ na subtropical zones. Ọ na-enye softness na ịhụnanya nke ihu igwe. Short oyi, nke dịruru banyere ọnwa abụọ ogologo n'oge okpomọkụ - ruo 5.5 ọnwa. Ụba nke ìhè anyanwụ na mpaghara ebe a bụ n'ihi na otu anya si ụwa na okporo osisi ya. Ya mere, ọdịdị nke Caucasus iche ntịme na-egbuke egbuke na agba.

Na ugwu, a nnukwu ego nke ọdịda na-ada. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ikuku pụta, na nkwụsị na mkpọda ebili elu mma, mmiri na-nyere. Ya mere, ihu igwe dị iche iche site na Ngwuputa ebe nke di ala ala na mbara ọzara. N'oge oyi snow oyi akwa accumulates ruo 5 cm. On na ugwu ókè mkpọda amalite ebighi ice.

N'ebe ịdị elu nke 4000 m, ọbụna kacha ekpo ọkụ ugbu okpomọkụ okpomọkụ n'elu efu na-adịghị ahụ anya. Na oyi, na o kwere omume snow si bụla nkọ ụda, na-ọma ije.

Mountain osimiri, oké na oyi na-atụ, nwere ya si malite n'oge agbaze nke snow, kpụkọrọ. Ya mere, idei mmiri dị nnọọ ukwuu na mmiri na ụbịa bụ fọrọ nke nta akọrọ mgbe okpomọkụ bụ ala. -Agbaze snow na oyi na-akwụsị na ngwa ngwa ugwu iyi ibu na-emighị emi.

The abụọ kasị ukwuu osimiri nke North Caucasus - Terek na Kuban - enye ókèala nke ọtụtụ tributaries. Ekele ha, tụụrụ nwa ala ọgaranya owuwe ihe ubi.

Ubi mkpụrụ osisi, ubi vaịn, tii n'ugbo, beri were were n'ime kpọrọ nkụ mpaghara. Ndị a bụ akụkụ nke ọdịdị nke Caucasus. Oyi na-atụ ugwu enye ụzọ ịhụnanya nke na mbara ọzara na di ala ala, nwa ala-aghọ aja aja ala.

ịnweta mmiri

Ị ga-amarakwa na peculiarities nke North Caucasus - bụ a mgbagwoju nke ihe. Ndị a gụnyere ndị anya site na oké osimiri, oké osimiri. Ọdịdị nke ihe enyemaka nke odida obodo. The anya si ụwa na okporo osisi ya. Ntụziaka nke ikuku uka, ụba nke ọdịda.

Ọ ka na-eme na ọdịdị nke Caucasus iche iche. Mgbe ahụ e nwere nri ala na drylands. Mountain ahịhịa juru na pine ọhịa. Akọrọ steppes na miri osimiri. The akụ na ụba nke eke ego, na e ịnweta mmiri na-eme ka ebe mara mma maka ụlọ ọrụ na njem.

Description of ọdịdị nke Caucasus ịrịba ama maka eziokwu na ihe karịrị 70 ịnweta iyi pụrụ ịchọta na ya n'ókèala. Nke a oyi, na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekpo ọkụ ịnweta mmiri. Ha na-dị iche iche na ha mejupụtara, nke na-enyere na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa:

• eriri afọ tract;
• akpụkpọ anụ;
• na ọbara usoro;
• ụbụrụ.

The kasị ama sulphurous mmiri bụ n'obodo Sochi. Ferruginous isi mmalite - na Zheleznovodsk. Nwụrụ sulfide, radon - Pyatigorsk. Carbonic - Kislovodsk, Essentuki.

Flora

Ahịhịa cover nke ebe dị iche iche dị ka anụ ọhịa Russia. Caucasus ekewa ugwu, di ala ala, na mbara ọzara ebe. Dabere na nke a mgbanwe na ahịhịa ebe. Ọ e mere site Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe, ala na sediments.

Mountain ala ahịhịa juru - lush Alpine, ahịhịa ndụ jupụtara. Ulù nke rhododendron enye yi forbs. E nwere ike ịhụ juniper, na-akpụ akpụ shrub, nke na-na-emegharị ka ụzọ ndụ n'okpuru snow. Iji dochie ha na a ọsọ ọsọ deciduous ọhịa, ebe e nwere ndị oak, beech, chestnut, hornbeam.

N'ala ahịhịa-ala opitoropi ahịhịa alternates na ala kpọrọ nkụ nke ọkara desert ebe. Ha na-jupụtara na wuru n'ugbo - poppies, irises, tulips, Asherim nke acacia na osisi terebinth.

Aronia ọkọnọ ọtụtụ ala tomato, ubi vaịn. Nature Caucasus mma maka osisi na ohia mkpụrụ osisi - ube, udara piom, hawthorn, blackthorn, dogwood.

fauna

Steppe biri ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka gopher, jerboas, ùrúrù, ọhịa ferret, nkịta ọhịa, wolf. Ha bụ ndị bara ọgaranya anụmanụ na Russia. Caucasus na ya semidesert ebe mma maka eared hedgehogs, gerbils tamarisk na etiti-ehihie, ụwa bekee na nkịta ọhịa-Korsakov. E antelopes (antelopes). Na ọhịa bi ele, aja aja bear, Bison.

Caucasus Nature atụmatụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nākpu akpu. Iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ - zuru okè ọnọdụ maka nlanarị ha, ha amụba. Nke a steppe ajụala na Boa agwọ na ngwere.

Okporo ahịhịa amị akwa pụrụ ịchọta ọhịa boar, jungle cat, nkịta ọhịa. E nwere mmiri nnụnụ, nakwa dị ka ugo, egbe, kestrel, nnụnụ, bustard, harrier, kreenu.

minerals

Large ego nke mmanụ na gas bara ọgaranya ọdịdị nke Caucasus. The mmepụta mkpa bụ ego nke coal na lignite, ọla kọpa na manganese ore, Asbestos, nkume nnu.

Ala nnyocha gosiri na niile dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba mba ọla nwere ike ike dị na North Caucasus. A na ubi:

• zinc;
• ọla kọpa;
• chromium;
• aluminum;
• arsenic;
• mbu;
• ígwè.

Na-adịbeghị anya na-nnọọ na-ewu ewu mmepe nke ewu nkume. Oké ọnụ karịsịa jupụtara na nkume lava tuff na wepụrụ ebubo. N'ihi na ndị na-ewu ụlọ na-eji obodo Neogene nkume nzu. The North Caucasus bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya ego nke konkiri, marble, basalt. Hụrụ ego nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha.

ọgwụgwụ

Isi atụmatụ ọdịdị nke North Kọkeshịan ụgha na ya di iche iche. Nchikota na-ekpo ọkụ ice Aronia Ikuku na semideserts Alpine ahịhịa. Ukwuu mmiri ozuzo na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ebe na-akpụ akpụ ifufe nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara.

Ajọ ifufe, na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-atụ ntụ asakde iso ese na-etolite a ikpehe Northern Kọkeshịan. Aga si Atlantic Ocean na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na-iru mmiri. Akọrọ ikuku pụta si Central Asia na Iran, wụsa n'elu-ekpo ọkụ ifufe.

Clean, doro anya ikuku jupụta na ultraviolet ìhè enye Ekliziastis ya si ọtụtụ mba bi. Na-ekpo ọkụ, obere winters, elu-etoju nke ugbo oru adọta njem. Agwọ iyi, ego nke eke ego ka a na mpaghara mara mma maka nlekọta ahụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ.

Split-larịị teren, ọtụtụ osimiri - na eke mara mma nke ọnu-etiwapụ site ya ebube. Historical na omenala nkiri na-enye a usu nke ike a tụụrụ ókèala.