Russian steppe mpaghara. Flora na fauna

Russian steppe mpaghara - akụkụ ebe ndịda nke East European Plain, Western Siberia, nakwa dị ka ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke a na-kpuchie site steppes na n'ebe di ala ala nke Altai na Baikal. Na steppe mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emekarị na-ekpo ọkụ, na-enwechaghị ọdịda na oyi na-atụ winters. Mmiri-ozuzo bụ banyere 200-450 mm kwa afọ. Na okpomọkụ, ikuku na-akpụ akpụ site na Atlantic Ocean na n'ihi anya si ya were were n'ime continental.

steppe mpaghara nwere a ukwuu, nke na-emepụta heterogeneity nke ya idụhe. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'oge oyi pụrụ hụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ a onu: n'ihu Nkea n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ogologo oge na oyi na ihe ọ bụ oyi. Ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ budata mbelata cloudiness na ọdịda, nke bụ ihe dị ka 500-300 mm kwa afọ. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe a ugbua nwere ịrịba ama nke continental, na enye ese steppe ala na, n'ezie, agbanwe ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Ebe ọ bụ na obere mmiri ozuzo na elu evaporation, Russian steppe mpaghara na-emekarị nwere a runoff. Rivers bụ na-emighị emi ma nkụ ke ndaeyo na niile. Steppe mpaghara - a na-aga n'ihu na-anọghị nke oké ọhịa na a predominance nke eke Okirikiri. Ebe a kpam kpam na-adịkwaghị herbaceous ahịhịa, ke ofụri oké osimiri ọtụtụ narị kilomita ísì herbs. The ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro okosobode: na steppe oat fescue, nku ahịhịa, crested na bluegrass, ma forb-ahihia a họọrọ n'elu ugwu ebe.

Mpaghara steppe ugwu mejupụtara humus na humus ala nke banyere 8-10%, na n'ebe ndịda, nke a n'ogo na-lowered ka 6% ugbua. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ ihe ọzọ n'ebe ndịda, na sagebrush-fescue steppe, akọrọ, ahịhịa cover ọzọ ehighị nne na-adịkwaghị ala humus ọdịnaya, mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe na-erughị 3-4% nke ala bụ aja aja.

E nwere a eke mpaghara steppe nke ọtụtụ ụdị: shrub, ahịhịa, nku ahịhịa na wormwood. Ọdịdị nke cover-emetụta ala Ọdịdị na udi nke ụwa elu.

The steppe bụ mgbe nke jupụtara ná ndụ, na ihe mere na - grasses. Ya bụ, ọ na-enye ndo na nri ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ. Ugbua e nwere ihe karịrị 50 na umu nke mammals na 250 ụdị nnụnụ. Naanị otu onye na òké a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke: ụmụ oke, voles, hamsters, jerboa, marmots. Ha na-enwekarị ike nke ọma na-emegharị ka gburugburu ebe obibi na mụtara ọma masked ọtụtụ ndị iro, n'ihi na ha na-akụziri a eke ebe.

The steppe jupụtara nnụnụ, dị ka whitish harriers, merlin, larks, Imperial ugo. demoiselle. Ọ nwere ike na-agụnye nnụnụ dị ka nkume curlew, bustards, obere bustards, awuasara Lapwing na odo-legged buttonquail. Ha bụ nnọọ anya, dị ka na-eje ije ghara ubi. I nwekwara ike ịhụ na agba ntụ na bearded partridges na nnụnụ kwel nimble.

Steppe mpaghara bụ nke zuru okè ebe obibi maka gerbils. N'agbanyeghị ya na ok, churned n'ime a bọl ahụ, anụmanụ Nkea nke otutu jumps na ya nne ele ụkwụ mgbe ijikwa niile ha mmeghari ọdụ. Speed na ngwa ngwa ndị Jeremaya mere dị mkpa maka ya, ebe ọ bụ na-achọsi ike na-eri anụ nke obodo anụ - nkịta ọhịa na weasels.

Nnụnụ na adịghị akwụsị ichu nta n'ihi na tọrọ ụtọ na-eri anụ maka oge, otú ahụ n'ihu ụkwụ na òké na-ukwuu mkpumkpu azụ, ha bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa ọsọ. E nwekwara ụmụ anụmanụ na ahapụghị ya ebe mgbaba - ala. Ọ dị nnọọ adị n'ezie gwupụtara, na-agụnye zokor na ahumachi oke. Steppe ndanda na-adịghị anya n'azu ha, ma wulite ebube ụlọ n'okpuru ụwa na na ya elu.

Active hamsters, voles, na ahumachi oke na ntukwasi-obi na-echekwa nri mee, nke e anakọtara site na ha na okpomọkụ, na obere burrows. Steppe òké digs a obere mkpọmkpọ ma ọ bụ "barrows" na odịbe ya na ya nri. Pika hụrụ ísì hay, ọ ogige ya n'ime a mma n'anya tojupụtara ozugbo n'ọnụ ụzọ ya burrow. Nke hoofed anụmanụ ndị kasị ele. Ọ nwere magburu onwe sharpness nke ọhụụ, nke na-enyere ya na oge nke ihe ize ndụ, ma ọ na-adịkarị nwere nweghị na-agba ọsọ ọsọ.