Ntọhapụ nke Vienna April 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria na Hungary - bụ ndị mba nke, ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ha yiri nnọọ ma dị nnọọ iche n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a na-emetụta echiche. Ya mere, na mbata na Hungary na Red Army Ego Union nakweere nnọọ oyi, ọjọọ, mgbe Austrians akpakanam neutrally ma ọ bụ ọbụna-eguzosi ike n'ihe ka ndị agha.

A nkịtị chere banyere nkwadebe na omume nke arụmọrụ bụghị otú anya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ịma aka nke Soviet echiche na Austrian nnọpụiche, pro-onye fasizim echiche na nkịtị uche. Otú ọ dị, nnwere onwe nke Vienna - isiokwu bụ na-akpali, na-eri ahụ na-akpata ịma jijiji n'ihu na ike nke ndị agha na unquenchable ịhụ mba n'anya. Karịsịa-atụle eziokwu na ntọhapụ nke ndị Austrian isi obodo jisiri bụghị nanị dị nnọọ ngwa ngwa, ma na di ntakiri mmadụ weere.

Nkwadebe maka ịwa ahụ

Site na 1945, afọ nke itoolu na abụọ agha n'akụkụ e ndikpa: uche na ọkpụkpụ - na agha tylovikov, na-eri - ọ bụla na mba na-ekere òkè nke a ọbara na-alụ. A anya nke ọhụrụ ume pụtara mgbe ọ na e tozuru oke ala a German counter-akpasu iwe nso Lake Balaton. Red Army agha nkịtị wedged na Nazi chebe onwe, na-amanye ndị Germany n'egbughị oge buru edozi edinam ndị dị otú ahụ "n'olulu".

Isi ihe ize ndụ n'ihi na ha bụ na ndị Soviet a foothold na a ọhụrụ n'aka nke ya, pụrụ ịbụ ihe a ogologo oge na-echefu banyere kpọọ nke Hungary. Ọ bụrụ na ọ furu efu mba a, Austria, kwa, ga-abụ n'okpuru akara nke Russian.

N'oge a n'ihu ndị agha nke 2nd na 3rd Ukrainian asakde iso ese, e nwere a ọrụ - agbaji ndị Germany na ebe nke Lake Balaton, bụghị mgbe e mesịrị ka March 16.

N'otu oge ahụ ike nke-atọ UV nwere obibi a ndinuak igbu ndị iro na site April 15 nke ịbanye akara nke Tulln, St. Poelten, Neu lengby.

iwe ego

Ebe ọ bụ na ntọhapụ nke Vienna oké olileanya bụghị nanị na-iwu, ma nkịtị agha, na-akwadebe maka ọrụ malitere ozugbo. The isi igbu tinyere ndị agha nke atọ Ukrainian Front. Dara mbà n'obi, na ọtụtụ na-anwụ n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ngwá, ha hụrụ na ike iji kwadebe maka agha.

ọgụ ugbo ala replenishment bụghị naanị n'ihi na nnata nke ọhụrụ ihe, ma na-ekele ndị agha, bụ weghachi ngwá agha dị ka o kwere.

Mgbe ọrụ malitere ntọhapụ nke Vienna, na ngwá nke 3rd Ukrainian Front bụ:

• 18 égbè nkewa;
• banyere abụọ na narị abụọ tankị na Nchịkọta (onwe-propelled ogbunigwe iberibe);
• fọrọ nke nta ka 4,000 egbe na ogbunigwe.

N'ozuzu fim ịwa

Dị ka ekwuola, na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere ala ma ọ bụ ike nke-eme ihe, anyị na-enweghị ike. Na otu aka, ntọhapụ nke Vienna 1945 - bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị na-egbuke egbuke arụmọrụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụ a ịrịba mmadụ na ihe onwunwe funahụrụ. Iji na-ekwu na kpọọ nke isi obodo nke Austria bụ nanị, nwere ike na-agụ eziokwu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na oké ifufe na-ejikọta ya na a budata ukwuu mmadụ weere.

Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo enyemaka nke Vienna - bụkwa n'ihi nke ahụmahụ nke Soviet agha, n'ihi na ha na-ama na e si ọma kpọọ atụmatụ.

Echefula banyere pụrụ iche elu mmụọ nke anyị agha, nke na-egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na mkpebi nke na-alụ maka Austrian isi obodo. Ndị agha chere ka a mmeri, na ndị nwụrụ anwụ na ike gwụrụ. Ma ihe na bụla nzọụkwụ na-atụ - nke a bụ ntụziaka n'oge laghachi n'ụlọ, na-eweli spirit.

Ihe aga-eme tupu

Ntọhapụ nke Vienna, n'ezie, ụbọchị laghachi February, mgbe ọ malitere imepe nhọrọ maka agba Hungary na mgbe Ịchụpụ nke ndị Nazi na Vienna. The kpọmkwem plan dị njikere site March, n'etiti, na-ama nke 26 nke otu ọnwa tupu Soviet iwe nkụzị (Russian na Romanian agha) e tasked na - ọgụ ma na-akara-ihe na Pozba.

Na mgbede nke ụbọchị ọrụ nwere a rụrụ n'omume. anyị agha agbanweela a otutu weere, ma, ọbụna na n'uhuruchi ọkụ adịghị emenyụ emenyụ na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. N'echi, onye iro bụ ike inapu osimiri Nitra.

Red Army agha

Jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na ije kere ruo April 5 nke (ya bụ ntọhapụ nke Vienna ndị agha Soviet malitere na na ụbọchị ahụ). Na 7,00 am ụbọchị malitere agha na Bratislava. Ọ e gara site 25th égbè Ndị agha nke Red Army, 27 nke-eche ha nche tank Brigade na 2nd tank ndi agha Romanian. Mgbe a grueling agha Bratislava e site na njedebe nke ụbọchị.

Ke ukem, ndị Soviet-Romanian agha malite ịgafe osimiri Morava Otú ọ dị, dị iche na kpọọ nke obodo ahụ, ọrụ ahụ mere n'oge ahụ. Ruo mgbe April 8th ndị obodo agha na nke a n'ihu, nke gbochie dịtụ jụụ wega n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. On April 9, ịgafe e dechara. Na elekere atọ, anyị agha na-enwe ike gafee n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. The agha e zukọrọ Tsverndorfe mgbe e mesịrị jikọọ na onye akụkụ nke 4-nke-eche ha nche Airborne Division.

Ebe otu e zigara 10 T-34 5 Su-76 na Romanian Nchịkọta na 15 tankị.

Force maka agbachitere isi obodo nke Austria

Red Army agha ihu a pụtara dị ike German otu. N'ihi ya, ntọhapụ nke Vienna 1945 na ọ ga-ekwe omume n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmeri:

• 8 na tank 1 bipu nkewa;
• 15 bipu battalion maka Volkssturm (eje ije agha);
• niile mkpara nke isi obodo nke ndị agha akwụkwọ;
• uwe ojii, site na nke kere 4 ndi agha (ya karịa 6000 ndị mmadụ).

Ọzọkwa, echefula banyere uru na n'akụkụ nke Nazi ekele ya eke ego. West nke obodo e kpuchie ugwu nile, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ site na ọ fọrọ nke nta na-agaghị emerili Danube na ndịda Germany wusiri antitank ọwa mmiri, dị iche iche e wusiri ike, pillboxes, trenches, bunkers.

Vienna ahụ n'ụzọ nkịtị kwabara na zoro ezo ngwá agha ná mkpọmkpọ ebe, n'okporo ámá na-partitioned oyi site na barricades, ma ndị agadi ụlọ ndị a na ụdị bastions.

atụmatụ weghara

Anya adabere na ọnọdụ na-ebe ọ maara na ntọhapụ nke Vienna ndị agha Soviet ga-kacha, F. I. Tolbuhin ezube eziga ịtụnanya na 3 n'akụkụ, si otú eke egwu n'etiti ndi-isi usu ịtụnanya. Atọ nku ọgụ ndị dị ka ndị a:

1. 4th-eche ha nche Army ọnụ na 1st-eche ha nche agha e tiri na ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.
2. Na ndịda-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke agha ka 6 eche ha nche Army na nke 18 TC.
3. West, naanị ụzọ mgbapụ uzo ebipụ ndị ọzọ agha.

N'ihi ya, eke nchedo ga-aghọ a ọnwụ ọnyà.

Ọ bụkwa uru arịba àgwà nke ndị Soviet agha na uru nke obodo: ya e zubere iji belata emeghasịkwa na isi obodo.

The atụmatụ e mma ozugbo. Weghara ọkwá na nhicha obodo ga-mere na àmụmà ọsọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ike na-eguzogide.

Akpa ọkara iwe

5th ụbọchị nke ọrụ na oru, nke kere ruo 13 April. Ntọhapụ nke Vienna o biri dịtụ ngwa ngwa na-enweghị kpata ajọ mmadụ na-akwụ ụgwọ, ma na-eje ije dị otú ahụ ọgụ ike aha.

Ụbọchị mbụ emeghị ka ịga nke ọma nke Red Army ke edinam ruru di ọku eguzogide site German agha. N'agbanyeghị na-arụsi ọrụ ike Soviet na-akpasu iwe, nkwalite nọgidere pere mpe. Ndị Nazi ghọtara na ha enweghị ebe ọ bụla agbanahụ buso onye ikpeazụ.

6 nke April kwuru di ọku ọgụ na nso obodo, na ya ná mpụga. On a ụbọchị, Soviet Army ike iwepụtakwu, na na mgbede, ọbụna na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda nile, na mgbe ahụ onwe gị na Viennese ala ịta ahịhịa.

The ọzọ nku akanamde a gburugburu, tinyere ndị Alps na-arahụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-eru nso, na mgbe ahụ ka Danube.

Ihe omume ndị a emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ìgwè ahụ gbara gburugburu iro.

The kpọọ nke obodo

Ntọhapụ nke Vienna si Nazi na-aga n'ime ifịk adọ kemgbe mgbede nke April 7, mgbe nri nku nke-atọ UV Pressbaum were na-akpali n'ihu na atọ ntụziaka: n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu.

On usen 9 amalite a kasị wụfuo ọbara nke kpọọ. Special iguzogide ndị Germany nwere banyere Imperial akwa, n'ihi na ọ ga-apụta na-ewere a zuru gburugburu. The njedebe nke ise nke na ime ka ndị ji ihe ịga nke ọma nke Red Army - na nkụzị nke ocho okwu bụ na mgbanaka, ọ bụ ezie na Central ngalaba e ka na-agbalị na-alụ ọgụ na iguzogide.

On April 11 amalite ịgafe nke Danube Canal, nakwa dị ka ndị ọhụrụ na agha, ntọhapụ nke Vienna si Nazi-abịa na njedebe.

Iji merie onye iro dị mfe, ndị German agha e kewara n'ime anọ n'akụkụ, na mgbe ahụ neutralized.

Ọ na-amalite nzacha na mkpocha nke obodo, nke na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe April 13 nri abalị. Ọ bụ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eme ememe Ntọhapụ Day na Vienna.

Relation ka bi na obodo

Iwu nke ndị Soviet Army gosi nkwanye ùgwù na-akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke Austrian isi obodo. Nkwenye nke a --akpali ndị Vienna na-akpali aka Red Army. N'ókè nke na reinforcements osụhọde ke eziokwu na ndị obodo a gwara dị adịghị ahapụ ụlọ ha enweghị-enye ndị Germany akwatu ụlọ ahụ ma na-ebibi ihe ncheta. Okwu ndị a nakweere na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi.

N'ezie, ọ bụ a kenkwucha nkwaghari, ọdịdị zuru oke nke nke bụ: ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ inyere gị aka - zoputa mmadu hụrụ n'anya obi ihe. Mgbe dị a nkwupụta mbụ na-anọpụ iche àgwà nke Austrians na-agbanwe agbanwe ka mma, n'ihi ya, ọ na-amalite ifịk imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Victory n'obodo a na-atụ, n'ihi na ndị mbụ weghaara Nazi mba - Austria. N'ime kpuchie nke dum agha, ihe omume a kara akara mmalite nke ọgwụgwụ nke Nazi Germany.

Union mmeri

Ihe mbụ na ga-kwuru, na-ekwu okwu na ya pụta - bụ mbibi nke a nnukwu ìgwè Wehrmacht, ma ndị ọzọ ka nke ahụ, ọ ga-kwuru na a na-akwadebe maka ọrụ ahụ kpam kpam tọhapụrụ atọhapụ Hungary, nke so mee ka ndị agha nke 2nd na 3rd Ukrainian asakde iso ese. Ọ bụla na-natara a nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Vienna.

Mgbe ahụ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara nke mba na isi obodo nọ nnọọ na.

Ọzọkwa meghere ụzọ Prague, nke mere ka o kwe omume ngwa ngwa ịga n'ihu.

Chebere omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nketa nke otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma n'isi obodo nke Europe, nakwa dị ka mmalite nke mweghachi nke Vienna.

Austrian ndị mmadụ bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị a arịrịọ mgbe ohi, bọmbụ na mbibi, n'ihi na otu 1945 e mere a mkpebi siri ike na-enye nri enyem aka ka ndị bi na.

Weere na Nazi Germany

Ma ihe ndị ọnwụ ka Berlin, ọ bụ ọnwụ nke akara nke kasị ulo oru emmepe nke Western Europe - na Vienna ulo oru ebe na efu n'agha Nadkanizhskoe mmanụ ubi. Enweghị ya, gbara ya gburugburu na mmanụ ụgbọala Ụgha osisi na-ekpe na-enweghị ngwaọrụ. N'ihi ya, German efu agagharị ngwá, na iwu manyere ịdọrọ ya miri n'ime meriri n'ókèala, nke kwere Soviet agha ịga n'ihu ngwa ngwa. Ndị na-eguzogide ma ọ bụrụhaala na bipu nkeji, na-enweghị ike inye a oké njọ rebuff ka onye iro mgbe n'okpuru shelling.

E nwere a kpọmkwem ihe iyi egwu na-emeri nke Germany, na dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ chịlie aka elu nke Nazi agha.

Nke omume nke German iwu nke na-enweghị nsọpụrụ na ùgwù. Ndị agha gosipụtara na ha dị ka a ìgwè mmadụ nke Ọzọ na Vandals ahụ bibiri ndị kasị mma na kasị Cathedrals nke obodo ahụ na-agbalị ịfụ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke saịtị. Ma na-ahapụ obodo ahu, ha mined na Imperial Bridge.

Ebe nchekwa na ememe

Malite site na 1945 na Vienna kwa afọ na April 13, na-agba ndị Day ntọhapụ site German mwakpo. On otu n'ime n'okporo ámá ndị Vienna guzobere Ntọhapụ Museum.

Na n'ụbọchị mgbe obodo hapụrụ onye iro, 24 salvo nke ọgu egbe e nyere na Moscow. Mgbe a oge, e kpebiri ka a ọhụrụ award maka sonyere nke ihe ndị a - nrite "N'ihi na ntọhapụ nke Vienna."

Taa, na mgbakwunye na nke ihe ngosi nka, ndị a kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ reminiscent nke ncheta nke dara agha na Schwarzenbergplatz square, nke e debere na otu n'afọ 1945 ná mmalite nke mweghachi nke obodo na mba ahụ dum. Ọ bụ na e mere n'ụdị guzo kpọmkwem fighter. Otu aka onye agha na-esetịpụ a ọkọlọtọ, ọzọ tinyere na ọta na ụdị uwe nke ogwe aka nke Soviet Union. Ụfọdụ nkọwa nke oge a nke nna ukwu na-ese na-acha odo odo na agba.

Usọrọ mmeri a, 50 agha nkeji onye-akwanyere ya ùgwù onwe ha na agha nke Vienna, e nyere asọpụrụ aha nke "Vienna".