Reserve Karadag na Crimea. Flora na fauna nke idobere Karadag

Reserve Karadag (site Turkic - "Black Mountain") - ihe ndị kasị mma akuku nke Crimea, nke bụ ewu ewu na ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa nke dịịrị banye na mmiri. Chọpụtara na ya na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'etiti obodo nile nke Spa, Koktebel na Shebetovka (nso Feodosia), na ọ bụ naanị otu onye n'ime Europe geological ihe, nke ụlọ ochie nwuchapu ugwu mgbawa.

Karadag idobere: ugwu mgbawa

Ya ọkọ na ime 120 nde afọ gara aga, na-agbaso eke Filiks mere ka e nke a pụrụ iche mgbagwoju nke ọmarịcha, ebube na pụrụ iche. Black Sea ụsọ oké osimiri nke Karadag anya ịtụnanya: acha anụnụ anụnụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egbuke mmiri, dị ka a ụba frosting na mgbe niile na-agbanwe agba site turquoise ka obi lush cornflower, mpi na eluigwe acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Sveta Góra Karadag: ebube nke na-agwọ ọrịa

Massif Karadaga kpụrụ ọtụtụ vertices whimsical shapes yiri apụghị imeri emeri mgbidi turrets na battlements. Behind ha guzo na domed Holy Mountain - kasị elu mgbe ndị Karadag elu 577 mita. Kpuchie na osisi, ọ na-emi esịnede fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam nke track - rock kpụrụ mgbawa ugwu ash na-enwe a greenish agba. N'oge ochie, ọ bụ n'elu ugwu ahụ nọ na ebe nsọ nke chi nwanyị bụ Kali. Na m na narị afọ AD. e. Holy Mountain bụ ebe a na-efe ofufe nke chi-agwọ ọrịa Asclepius.

Na XIX narị afọ akụkọ gbasara n'etiti Tatar bi, nke bụ Holy Mountain bụ unmarked ili nke senti, ịgwọ ndị ọrịa. Okwukwe nke bụ ọrụ ebube, ọ bụghị mara ihe mere e ji na-asọpụrụ na ndị Alakụba, na ndị Kraịst. Nso mgbede ìgwè mmadụ converged na nke ugbu a idobere Karadag me ebe a na-adọkpụ ọrịa tupu n'uhuruchi ịkpụ nke na-adị ntutu na iberibe ákwà, kegide ha na alaka nke osisi na osisi na a na-ele na-ọrịa n'ebe a. Onye ọrịa na-enịm na a okuteili kpuchie yi akpụkpọ atụrụ, na-ekpe n'otu ntabi anya. Ná nrọ ọ bụ Mmụọ Nsọ, kọwaara ndị na-akpata ọrịa, ihe ịrịba ama gbara akwụkwọ ya anụ ma ọ bụ zitere mgbake. Practice ọrụ ebube gwọọ kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Si ele ihe anya nke sayensị na-agwọ ikike nke Nsọ Mountain kọwara site akwakọba ihe nke a ebe dị ike geomagnetic ike ike na-emetụta ndị na ihu igwe, na osisi fauna. A sepulchral slab (nkume - megalith) bụ accumulator nke ike,-afụ elu, okporo Ezuru, ebe desecrated n'oge Soviet oge. Ugbu a, mgbalị na-mere iji weghachi furu efu ochie.

Karadag nkume

Karadag Nature Reserve, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bụ dịtụ dị ka a mma akụkọ ifo, pụrụ iche nkume formations, guzobere n'okpuru nduzi nke eke ihe na yiri aru anụmanụ: A ịnyịnya na-Gingerbread, na Sphinx, Ivan Rogue, Ekwensu mkpịsị aka. Dum thematic mejupụtara guzo Ridge Kagarach onye vertices na-akpọ Eze, Queen, Ocheeze, Sweet. N'ebe ụfọdụ ugwu laa azụ a bit, na-ekpughe a obere Cove na a warara-rimmed osimiri, na-enwe ihe ọhụrụ aha: Frog, carnelian, ọdụm, ókè, abiatibet, Barakhta.

Golden Gate - a kaadị azụmahịa nke Karadag

Rock formations Golden Gate bụ ihe e ji mara nke Karadag. Naanị a ụbọchị ole na ole a afọ (nso ka ụbọchị nke etiti oge oyi), site na nke i nwere ike na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọ maara na a osisi n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá Karadag gụnyere a odide nke "Eugene Onegin" AS Pushkin, bụ onye mere njem na Tauris. Golden Gate nwere ka a abụọ aha - Shaitan-kapu (ma - Ekwensu Gate). E kweere na n'ebe a, e nwere a ụzọ hell. Hibere, ndị Golden Gate bụ njiko, mmiri omimi n'okpuru nke bụ 15 mita, elu elu nke oké osimiri - 8 mita, obosara - 6 mita. E nwere a kweere na, ụgbọ n'okpuru a njiko, itu a na mkpụrụ ego n'oké nkume (n'ihi ya, ọ kụrụ) na ozugbo ka a chọrọ ka ga-abịa.

The iche nke Karadag

Karadag idobere (foto adade ke ibuotikọ) bụ ihe pụrụ iche ọ bụghị nanị na nkume na ugwu ahụkebe ụdị, kamakwa ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ n'ihe ize ndụ, obere na-jupụtara ejupụta (hụrụ naanị ebe a) ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Karadag idobere - a pụrụ iche Biocomplex Crimea n'ókèala nke, na njikọ na ọmarịcha odida obodo, na pụrụ iche eke ọnọdụ, ego nke obere minerals, ndị pụrụ iche geological Ọdịdị, ihe mere eme nke oké mmasị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na gburugburu ụwa nakwa dị ka ọdịdị hụrụ, ndị ọbịa nke dịịrị banye na mmiri na-eme njem nleta.

Education Karadag Reserve

Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke uka na ịga na Crimea na pearl e guzobere 1979 Karadag Nature Reserve, ebe kpuchie fọrọ nke nta 2.9 puku hectare, nke 809 hectare - na Black Sea mmiri ebe. nke a nwetụrụ dị mkpa na dị nnọọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye kwalite ike na nche nke na-ewu ewu ọnọdụ nke ókèala. Unorganized, ọhịa, njem aghọwo a iyi egwu mineralogical akụ nke Karadag, me ka bukwanu mmebi osisi - ọkụ - na fauna - iyi egwu mmekọahụ.

Ya mere, guzobe nke idobere - a ezu dị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na dịtụ belated: kasị emetụta ụdị nnukwu Udele, ụsụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-ama okụrede.

Nature Karadag idobere bụ ọgaranya na umu na-anọchi anya ya atọ zones:

• site n'oké osimiri larịị 250 mita - na steppe mpaghara, diluted ọhịa na osisi;
• si 250 na 450 mita - oké ọhia nke pubescent oak;
• n'elu 450 mita - hornbeam na sessile-ọhịa osisi oak.

Na Crimea, e nwere ihe 2,400 ụdị okooko osisi. Na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọkara n'ime ha bụ ndị dị na Karadag. The dum osisi nke idobere agụnye 2.782 umu, ọtụtụ nke na-gụnyere ke Red Data Akwụkwọ dị iche iche n'ohu. E nwere osisi na-adị ndụ naanị ebe a na-enweghị ebe ọzọ.

Na agụmakwụkwọ ụwa ruo ogologo oge na e nwere esemokwu, na e nweghị idobere Karadag ugwu Crimea na sharply dị iche iche si steppe akụkụ nke dịịrị banye na mmiri, nke ikpeazụ ncheta nke Black Sea Atlantis - Pontida, otu ugboro na-ejikọ ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri na Turkish Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Nke a na-n'ụzọ na-egosi na ọdịdị ala na idụhe nke idobere Karadag. Pontida nwekwara ike ike jikọrọ nkụ n'ala na Caucasus na Balkans: otú ọzọ nwere ike egosi ebe a na dajụọ, osisi peculiar nanị ndị a na mpaghara.

Karadag idobere: Animals

Karadag fauna na ime ka bukwanu mmasị. Nke a yiri agụ nkwọ, agụ owuru na-agba ọsọ banyere ke International Red Book. Mammals na-anọchi anya ya ụsụ na ha nile di iche iche. N'etiti obere ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ike mata Crimea n'ala ebe, owlfly, nnukwu flightless ukpana (steppe Dybok), ọtụtụ ụdị Mantis. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nkume marten, Crimea na nkume ngwere, squirrels, hedgehogs, ele, anụ ọhịa boar. Birds, ihe karịrị 200 ụdị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe niile akwu ebe a.

Ndị bi na mmiri Karadag

Sea adọta mmiri na-adị ọcha na di iche iche nke ala (shei nkume, nkume, ájá), nke na-eme richness nke benthic invertebrates, karịsịa crustaceans, annelids na bivalves. Ọ na-eme atụmatụ na ndị bi Karadag mmiri mejupụtara 50-70% niile Black Sea fauna. Ọzọkwa Karadag Beach bụ mgbe o kwere omume izute ndị Black Sea Azụ dolphin. Fishing uru bụ mọsel. Dị mwute ikwu na, okụrede ọzọ n'ịkụ azụ Black Sea akịrịkọ - oysters. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbasa nke Black Sea brine - a eri eju Far East. Site na nke a ike ike onye mbusoagha na mgbakwunye oysters ahụhụ ndị ọzọ Black Sea bivalves: a nnukwu modiolyus, skalọp, polititapes. Otú ọ dị, ugbu a ọ rapana massively agbasa ụsọ oké osimiri nke Karadag, ghọrọ lekwasịrị umu, na ya mara mma shells ọma snapping njem nleta.

Karadag ogologo anụ dị?

Mmiri Karadag, dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, bi a ogologo anụ ahụ. Gbadata na akụkọ nke ndị Rom, Gris na Byzantines, ya anya dị ka nnukwu ọchịchịrị-agba ntụ agwọ na oke clawed paws, egwu ọnụ, dotted na a ole na ole e nyere ahịrị nke nnukwu nkọ ezé na enwe ike ịzụlite na a elu na-agba ije, mfe chụkwute rụnyere n'ụgbọ mmiri. Na XVI-XVIII narị afọ Turkish-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ugboro ugboro na-agwa ndị Sultan nke encounters na Black Sea agwọ. Anyị hụrụ ya, na naval isi Admiral Fedora Ushakova, kọọrọ Emperor Nicholas I. Eze ọbụna zigara otu njem enwetaghị a anụ, ma ọ bụ nke ọma. a nnukwu egg hụrụ na drakonoobraznym nwa vesivshee 12 kilogram.

Akụkọ ndị a na e enen ke 1990, mgbe akụ azụ 3 kilomita site Karadag idobere nke netwọk dọkpụụrụ ndị mutilated ozu a dolphin. Ikpe ikpe site aru obosara ọnụ nke anụ mmiri bụ banyere a mita, na ezé - 4-5 sentimita. Ahụla nwuchi tụbara ndị ọkụ azụ na egwu. Na 1991, ndị ikpeazụ afọ mee ọzọ onwe ya na netwọk na banyere otu ebe na-ejide ọzọ dolphin na yiri unan.

Karadag guest Peninsula

Karadag Nature Reserve ekewa zones: oghe - njem, nakwa dị ka ala - nditịm na-echebe. Maka ọbịa na-abịa ebe a na-atọ ụtọ, ọdịdị ngosi nka meghere Dolphinarium na akwarium, duziri ụgbọ njem, mmụta na ebe obibi ụzọ na n'ezigbo ụzọ gasị ekpuchi kasị akpali akụkụ nke idobere; O sina dị, ha na-echebe site kpọmkwem mbuso agha.

Karadag Biological Station na Reserve mgbe nile inventoried na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, na-eduzi a ọma nnyocha, ọmụmụ nke benthic fauna na mmiri plankton. Na ndabere nke idobere rue omume ụmụ akwụkwọ geological na ndu ezi ikike iche nke ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ njikọ.