Rọketi na Space Khrunichev osisi

The ụlọ ọrụ, a kasị mara amara dị ka agha Plant. Khrunichev (ọ bụ ezie na ya mere eme, na ọ nwere ọtụtụ aha dị iche iche), - na akụkọ mgbe Russian sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ fọrọ nke nta ka 100 afọ. The ngwaahịa arụpụtara site osisi, na zuru ike-atụle a okwu nke mpako n'ihi mba na Russia. Nke a kpara rọketi ụgbọelu "Proton", na-ekwe nkwa "Angara". Osisi aghụghọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ekwe ke uwa ohere ụlọ ọrụ mmepe - na ome osooso "Baikal". Company enyemaka na-emepụta a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị ọzọ mkpa ụlọ ọrụ aerospace Russian ngwaahịa.

ngwaahịa

Otu nke flagships nke Russian agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ - Kaiser na Space Plant. Khrunichev. Ya ukara aha, N'ezie, na-ada dị iche iche. Ya bụ na - na Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research na Production Space Center nke MV Khrunichev. " Dị nnọọ pịa na ụmụ amaala na-ekwurịta okwu na onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'elu obere aha rapaara - ya mere a ika mara maka.

Khrunichev factory n'ezie - a ole na ole ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Russia. Ha na-emepụta ọtụtụ ụdị nke rọketi na ohere technology. The kasị ama ngwaahịa samples - rọketi "Proton", "kosmos-3M", "Rokot" na "Angara". N'etiti ekwe nmepe - reusable booster "Baikal" akụ ụta.

akụkọ

Khrunichev osisi mbụ ulo oru dị ka automaker akpọ "Russo-Balt-2." Year nke ntọala ya - 1917 nke. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ufọt ufọt 1920 malitere-emepụta ụgbọ elu N'ịbụ oru nke ugbo elu Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. N'afọ 1950, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta na-atụ bọmbụ "Bison", e Myasishev. Na 1961, osisi natara ihe fọrọ nke nta oge a aha - "Machine Building Plant aha mgbe MI Khrunichev "- ma malite ọkachamara na mmepụta nke rọketi na ohere technology. On ya a ole na ole nke akụ ụta, "Salyut" ebe a tọhapụrụ na "Peace". N'afọ 1993, ndị Khrunichev osisi enwetara ya ugbu aha. Ya Ọdịdị na-gụnyere ndị Bureau "Ẹkọm". N'afọ 2007, ya ugbu a na iwu ụdị e kenyere osisi - gọọmenti etiti steeti unitary enterprise. E mmekọ owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ihe atụ, ụlọ ọrụ "Ogologo" (Moscow). Osisi. Khrunichev nwekwara agwakọta Bureau aha ya. Isayev, Voronezh Mechanical Plant, na na 2008 sonyeere Perm enterprise nke "Proton-PM", na 2012 - Ust-Katav Plant. SM Kirov.

"Proton" rọketi

Otu n'ime ndị kasị recognizable samples of ngwaahịa arụpụtara site Center maka ha ụlọ ọrụ. Khrunichev (osisi, reviews nke ndị na-aghọ otu nke ntọala nke ọha na eze banyere ike nke Soviet agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ - onye na-emi odude ke Moscow) - rọketi "Proton". Ọ pụtara na ọ na ihe ndị na-e kere eke nke ihe Intercontinental ballistic agha Ur-500. Na N'ezie nke modernization nke ICBMs pụtara ụgbọelu "Proton-K", nke ghọwo, na echiche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, ihe ịga nke ọma ihe nlereanya nke Soviet agha ya nke.

Azụmahịa iji "Proton-K" a napụtara na 1996 (na European Astra 1F satellite na oru n'ime orbit). Mgbe e mesịrị, ọtụtụ iri na abuo na-ebupụta si onwe ahịa e rụrụ. Russian injinịa nwekwara mepụtara a version of "Proton", na-emegharị ka mmepụta ibu na geostationary orbit. Ònye gbanwetụrụ na roketi, nke a na-akpọ "Proton-M" bụ ndị akacha eji ya usoro.

"Angara" rọketi

Mmepe nke igba egbe ụgbọala "Angara", dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na - otu n'ime ndị isi ebe nke Russian ohere ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ a dum ezinụlọ agba (ie ndị na-abụ nke "dị mfe" klas, nakwa dị ka ndị na-"arọ" na-ebu).

Ọ na-atụ anya na ụfọdụ samples ike ịkpọlite ndị orbit 35 tọn ibu. Isi mmepe nke Russian osompi - agụ nkwọ rọketi (na "arọ" nsụgharị) nke American ụlọ ọrụ SpaceX. Ihe na-akpali bụ eziokwu bụ na ebe a na e nwere a see okwu n'etiti steeti ụlọ ọrụ na ọkara otu narị afọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na a nnọọ obere onwe ụlọ ọrụ, kere site ọkọ. Mmepe nke "Angara" modul n'otu oge e abuana bụghị naanị Moscow - Plant. Khrunichev hụrụ mmekọ na South Korea. Kpọmkwem maka ojiji na rọketi "Angara" kere ome osooso "Baikal", mere maka multiple agbaba.

Accelerator "Baikal"

Ọrụ "Baikal" dị mfe iji, na n'otu oge ahụ na-arụ dị mkpa ọrụ. Site n'enyemaka nke booster rọketi ogbo adahade a elu nke banyere 70 km. Mgbe ahụ engine na-tụgharịa "na-amụkwasị", mgbe nke ndị agha na-agba. "Baikal" ugbu ikwụpu si ụgbọala we laghachi na Earth dị ka ụgbọelu. Mgbe nnyocha na-eme ka ọ bụla dị mkpa mgbanwe nwere ike re-eji: na oru na Khrunichev osisi bụ ọha na eze, na-ekwu na "Baikal" bụ na ikuku ugboro 25 (ma na N'ezie nke a ka mma ọgụgụ n'ezie ka mgbagwoju ruo 200).

Isi onye nke osisi. Khrunichev na oru ngo nke "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". Ọ na-chere na ome osooso ga nwere a na-amalite ịdị arọ nke ihe 130,4 tọn na a n'ogologo nke 27 m na a dayameta (n'etiti) nke 2.9 m isi akụrụngwa "ọdọ" -. Vasatail agha modul (URM) onwem na ọdụ, nku, powerplant , Chassis na ndị ọzọ na usoro.

engines

Nwa center Ọdịdị ha. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" - anakọta ọtụtụ ụdị nke engines maka aerospace ụlọ ọrụ. Kemgbe ụwa, ndị mbụ nkeji bu M-11 n'ịnyịnya na ụgbọ elu PO-2. N'afọ gara mgbe World War II na osisi malitere na-emepụta engines Ash-62IR, M14V26 na ndị ọzọ na samples of aggregates maka dị iche iche nke ugbo elu. Ebe ọ bụ na mbubreyo '50s na Voronezh amalite na-emepụta ohere-rọketi engines: Rd-0109, Rd-0210, Rd-0114 (ha na-setịpụrụ "Proton") na ndị ọzọ elu-tech nkeji.

Ugbu a ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na oruru nke mmepụta nke Rd-191 rọketi "Angara". N'oge, n'etiti Russian ụlọ ọrụ naanị VSW nwere nwere maka ntọhapụ nke pistin ugbo elu engines. Units agbala Voronezh, odori ọzụzụ na egwuregwu ụgbọ elu, na helicopters maka iche iche na nzube.