Russian processor. Processors Russian mmepụta

Mmepe nke Russian Federation malitere ike ha microprocessors, nke na-atụle nnọọ asọmpi na mmekọrita ngwaahịa nke na-eduga na ụdị. E nwere ugbua ka mmepụta ụdị, na-akwadebe maka ulo oru mmepụta, na zubere nmepe. Gịnị Russian processors - ugbu a ma ọ bụ n'ọdịnihu - kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche?

Isi Russian Mmepe nke processors

Russian IT-ụlọ ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ na-emepe emepe. N'etiti ndị kasị technologically elu nke ya agba - bụ mmepe nke microprocessor, e mere maka iji na PC na sava nke na-na-na-ekewet na IBM-ije. a ahịa na-now-adịkwaghị abụọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ụdị - Intel na AMD. Mpi ndị na na ụwa, ha dị nnọọ ole na ole. Ma ọ dịghị nke ndị a nwere ike awa site Russian injinia.

N'etiti ekwe ibe si Russia, bụ ndị nwere ike ịghọ asọmpi Intel na AMD, dị ka ẹkekerede processor "Baikal". Ọ na-chere na mgbawa ga-arụnyere na kọmputa na na-nyere iwu ala ụlọ ọrụ. Kasị eleghị anya, a maara nke ọma microprocessor ere onye kere ọrụ na-akwadebe maka uka mmepụta nke mgbawa samples - a ụlọ ọrụ MCST. Ọ na-ibe n'okpuru ika nke "Elbrus" na a dịgasị iche iche nke mgbanwe.

Ka anyị tụlee ihe atụmatụ na-ji ogologo oge na-arụsi ọrụ ike processors na Russia.

The processor maka ọdịnihu: "Baikal"

Na June 2014, Russian media agbasa ozi ọma: Ozi nke Trade na Industry emejuputa iji maka mmepe nke microprocessors, nke kwesŽrŽ mesịrị-arụnyere na PC zụrụ ala mkpa. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ibe n'okpuru ika aha "Baikal". Gịnị dị ịrịba ama eziokwu e ji mara nke a mgbawa? Processor "Baikal" malitere ịzụlite ụlọ ọrụ 'Baikal Electronics ". Bukwa oru ngo nke Center "T-Nano", nke kere ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ "T-nyiwe", na òkè nke "Rosnano". Na-arụ ọrụ na processor ọrụ ike dị ka ngwá-United Corporation. Ọ maara na oru ngo nwere ike aka ụdị dị ka Depo Computers, «Aquarius" na Kraftway.

Ọ na-na-eche na ndị processor "Baikal" ga-kere ke ọtụtụ nsụgharị. The mbụ ga-abụ, dị ka ụfọdụ data, 8-isi mgbawa Baikal M, na M / S maka PC na sava. Ha ga-emepụta dabeere 28 nm technology, nakwa dị ka isi Cortex A57, na-arụ 64-bit ndabere. Performance "Baikal" processors ga-gburugburu 2 GHz. Ọ na-atụ anya na mgbawa ga-dakọtara na Linux. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ga--atọhapụ 16-isi mgbawa. Ha na-kpụrụ 16 nm technology. E nwere akụkọ na Russian processor "Baikal" na nke mbụ ga-mere site Taiwan si TSMC.

Brand "Elbrus": Key Facts

Ọzọ maara nke ọma ma na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ microprocessor ika - "Elbrus". Ibe n'okpuru a ika ama na e nyere na ọtụtụ iche. E nwere a sọrọ-isi processor "Elbrus". E nwere ibe na 4 ma ọ bụ ọbụna 8 cores.

E nwere ihe àmà gosiri na n'ọdịnihu dị nso PC ga-ẹkenam ndị ahịa dabeere na ndị a processors. Ugbu a dabeere ibe "Elbrus" kere kọmputa arụ ọrụ samples a dịgasị iche iche nke mgbanwe - ji ede, swiiti Ogwe, na desktọọpụ, na sava. Isi ahịa nke PC nke Russian processor ga-arụnyere, e site MCST na-atụ anya ga-nzere owuwu. Ọzọkwa, e nwere olileanya maka ina si nnukwu ulo oru. Ibe "Elbrus" nwere ike na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru isi sistemụ maka IBM-ije PC - Windows, Linux.

Ka anyị tụlee, dị ka processors "Elbrus" kere.

Processors "Elbrus": akụkọ ihe mere eme

The mbụ kọmputa, nke na-amalite na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ika, e kere site Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị na 70s. Ha ghọrọ ndị Mgbakọ mgbagwoju "Elbrus-1". Ọ dabeere na ụdị TTL ibe na ẹdude ke Ọdịdị nke processors 10 a ngụkọta ikike banyere 15 megaflops. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, nke a bụ a pụrụ iche igwe: akpan akpan, ụkpụrụ nke yiri ogbugbu nke iwu e emejuputa atumatu na ya. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-akọ, ụwa mepụtara dị otú ahụ a na kọmputa bụ n'ebe ahụ. RAM olu "Elbrus-1" bụ 64 MB - karịa ọma.

N'ihi na a pụrụ iche Soviet kọmputa malitere ya sistemụ na onye mmemme asụsụ. Na 1985, e nwere a mgbagwoju "Elbrus-2" bụ mma nlereanya nke mbụ ụgbọ ala. Ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site emelitere isi mmiri na ibe dị ka ECL. N'ozuzu arụmọrụ processor kọmputa usoro nwere ihe karịrị 125 megaflops. The ije nke na kọmputa modul ụkpụrụ emejuputa atumatu. Mgbagwoju "Elbrus-2" ji a elu larịị nke arụmọrụ na nkwụsi ike nke ọrụ. Ọ maara na ọ na-eji dị iche iche agha nrụnye. Total Soviet ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta 30 okụre "Elbrus-2".

prototype "Elbrus-3" kọmputa e arụpụtara ke 1990. Ma n'oge ahụ, n'ihi na ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ ná mba, ego maka oru ngo-a kwụsịrị. Otú ọ dị, ugbua na 1992, ọ e guzobere LLP "Moscow na SPARC-teknụzụ Center", n'oge na-adịghị renamed ụlọ ọrụ MCST. The ụlọ ọrụ malitere na-emepụta ulo oru na usoro, nke na-dabeere na mgbe na-ewu ewu SPARC technology kere Sun Microsystem.

Solutions dabeere SPARC

Arụ ọrụ na ihe ngwọta ndị dabeere na SPARC, MCST ụlọ ọrụ azụlitewo ya ngwaahịa n'ụdị a microprocessor. Na mbụ na nsụgharị nke ije ọ maara E2k. The mbụ nlereanya nke processor dabeere na ya, na-akpọ R150, e wepụtara na 2001. Usoro technology aro ojiji nke 350 nm technology. M na-arụ ọrụ na-Russian processor na a ugboro ole nke 150 MHz na ihe mmepụta nke iji nke 150 megaflops.

N'afọ 2004, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ike mgbawa - R500. Ya elekere ugboro 500 MHz. Ọ na-emepụta dị ka akụkụ nke a elu-tech ụkpụrụ - 130 nm. N'afọ 2007, ụlọ ọrụ ka a tọhapụrụ a sọrọ-isi processor MCST R500S, nke gụnyere ndị na na ubi nke SPARC technology. Ya ịrụ ọrụ ya bụ 1 GFLOPS.

N'out oge na mmepe nke ibe dabeere na SPARC MCST ụlọ ọrụ aku e kere eke nke processor, ọ dabeere kpamkpam na ya development injinia. Ya mere, site na 2007, ọ e kere na-agafe obodo ule Russian processor "Elbrus". Ọ na-emepụta dị na ọkọlọtọ 130 nm na ejikwara na a ugboro ole nke 300 MHz. The processor e onwem na a otu isi na ejikwara na a ọsọ nke 4.8 gigaflops. Nke a mgbawa, nakwa dị ka ihe ndị na-ya, bụ mmalite nke a ezinụlọ dum nke ibe, toro na tech, elu-arụmọrụ ngwọta. Ka anyị tụlee ha.

"Elbrus-S»

The mbụ Oghere Usoro mgbawa si MCST - a processor "Elbrus-S», nke pụtara na 2010. Ọ na-emepụta dị ka ụkpụrụ nke 90 nm. Nke a mgbawa nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na a ugboro ole nke 500 MHz ma hụ na arụmọrụ nke iji nke 8 GFLOPS.

Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwuru na a yiri arụmọrụ ike ahụ na-egosi AMD Athlon 64 mgbawa na-arụ ọrụ na a ugboro ole nke 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2S +"

Na 2011 ọ pụtara ndị na-esonụ mgbanwe nke processor - a mgbawa "Elbrus-2S +". Ọ na-emepụta na dị na ije nke 90 nm, ma ya ịrụ ọrụ bụ nnọọ elu - 28 gigaflops. Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwuru na yiri egosi pụrụ iru ibe dị ka Intel isi 2 Duo, na Intel Core i3. E nwere ihe àmà gosiri na ọganihu dị otú ahụ a rụzuworo ekele na mmepe na-eso ndị processor isi 4 ọzọ ibe. Nke a akụrụngwa emezu digital mgbaàmà nhazi. Otú ọ dị, ihe agbakwunyere processor kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị dị ka gua MCST engineer, ji na kwa elu akụ ntọhapụ usoro. Ya mere, na ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke "Elbrus" dochie ọzọ ngwọta.

"Elbrus-4C"

Na 2014 ọ malitere Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ọzọ microprocessor masterpiece - "Elbrus-4C." Nke a mgbawa ka nke 65 nm technology. Ya isi (nke ha, karị, 4) arụ ọrụ na a ugboro ole nke 800 MHz. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-onwem na 2 MB nke cache na ebe nchekwa. Ọ bụ ike nweta nhazi arụmọrụ nke 50 gigaflops. Nke a bụ fọrọ nke nta ahụ dị ka ihe atụ, ndị Intel Core i7-975 mgbawa - 53 gigaflops. The ike nke Russian mgbawa - 45 watts. Na akụkụ a nke oriri na-edozi "Elbrus-4C" processor, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kweere na ihe ego karịa American development.

Mgbawa na 4 cores si MCST - otu n'ime ndị kasị vasatail. PC, Laptọọpụ, na sava, swiiti Ogwe - Types of kọmputa nke na-CPU nwere ike ịtọ. N'ezie, na akara nke na kọmputa usoro, nke na-emekwa ka ụlọ ọrụ MCST, e nwere ígwè ọrụ na niile họrọ configurations.

"Elbrus-8C"

The Kacha ọhụrụ processor si MCST - nwere 8 cores "Elbrus-8C". The mgbawa dabeere a ọkọlọtọ 28 nm, nke na-eme ya ka ụwa na-eduga microprocessor aghụghọ. The cache na ebe nchekwa nke abụọ larịị na mgbawa cores "Elbrus-8C" - 4 MB, nke atọ - 16 MB. The processor nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na nkịtị ọkọlọtọ RAM ụdị DDR3 1600. The arụmọrụ nke mgbawa, dị ka tụrụ site mgbawa nke otu nkenke - 250 gigaflops. The processor 4 nwere a ebe nchekwa njikwa. Rate throughput maka interprocessor data mgbanwe ọwa - 16 GB / sec. Award-arụmọrụ mgbawa - 250 gigaflops. Dị ka ọ na-akọ arụmọrụ nke Russian ụwa analogues processor? Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwuru na mgbawa bụ ndị Intel Core i7 4930K arụpụta banyere 130-140 gigaflops. Karịsịa maka ọhụrụ "Elbrus" processors bụ ọhụrụ motherboards, nakwa dị ka a dị iche iche version nke os. Ọzọkwa, ma eleghị anya, ha ga-mepụtara na a multiprocessor kọmputa mgbawa dabeere.

E nwere ihe àmà gosiri na site 2018 na ụlọ ọrụ ga hapụ processors ka MCST "Elbrus-16C". Ha imewe ikike - 1 teraflops. Ọ na-atụ anya na usoro ibe ga-dabere na ụkpụrụ nke na-erughị 28 nm.

mgbawa atụmanya

Dị ka ndị ọkachamara na-eme atụmatụ nyere site Russian ika processors? Nyocha nke ọtụtụ IT-ọkachamara, ọ nwere ike kwuru, anụ ọkụ n'obi.

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe atụ, ọtụtụ mmepe bụ ndị mpako nke bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na processor e kere na Russia, na ọnọdụ ebe a ogologo oge ọnọdụ akụ na ụba bụ anaghị eme ka nọ n'ọrụ mmepe nke IT-ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ elu-tech na elu-ọgwụgwụ nke. Na okwu nke arụmọrụ nwale nke processors nwekwara n'ozuzu mma.

E nwere ụfọdụ ndị kwuru ndị ọkachamara na-obibi na ahịa atụmanya maka ibe. Iji mee ka ha uru, anyị kwesịrị nnukwu ahịa, nke na ihe ji ndú ụwa. Mpi na ha, ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu, a ga-adịghị mfe.

Otú ọ dị, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị nnyocha, na processors "Elbrus" nwere ike ịbụ a viable ọzọ ngwọta si Intel na AMD na Russian Federation, karịsịa, na okwu nke agha onunu, nke na mmepe tinye n'ihu ndị kasị tiri chọrọ na akụkụ nke ntụkwasị obi nke latrik na nchekwa nke ha na-eme. Company MCST, ọkachamara na-ekwu, ọ bụ ike nke na huu nnabata nke ya processors dị ka chọrọ.

OS "Elbrus"

Ọ ga-kwuru na karịsịa maka sistemụ kọmputa nke MCST na-agba ọsọ na processor "Elbrus", a iche iche sistemụ e kere. Ntọala ya bụ Linux kernel na version 2.6.33, Otú ọ dị, doro miri isi nhazi. N'ihi bụ a na-agba ọsọ "Elbrus", ji ọkwa kachasị elu nke nchebe na nkwụsi ike na-arụ ọrụ. Na e kere eke nke na-Russian sistemụ e ifịk ọkachamara nke INEUM ha. I. S. Bruka.