Savva Mamontov: biography, onye ndụ, philanthropic eme, na-akpali eziokwu

Chi nke nkà Savva Ivanovich Mamontov si a ahịa ezinụlọ. A mụrụ ya October 2, 1841 na Siberia obodo Yalutorovsk. Mgbe ọ bụ 8 afọ, ọ na ndị mụrụ ya kwagara Moscow. Nna Ivan ejide ebere nke wine. Ya na nwunye ya Mary nwere ụmụ asaa, tinyere ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ bụ ndị nwụrụ n'oge. Ivan kwagara Moscow mgbe aghọ a ahia nke mbụ Guild, ma malite isi niile ụtụ isi aku na uba n'ógbè. Ihe-ahia we rigo n'ugwu, n'ihi ya, ezinụlọ bi a nnukwu ụzọ. Na Mamontov e enyefe ka Meshchanskaya Street mansion, nke e ẹkenịmde soirees na bọọlụ.

nwata

Ọ bụ ezie na mammoth bụ onye ahịa na klas, ndị iwu na ndị ezinụlọ dị nnọọ iche na nke omenala na na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na nke a ndụ ezinụlọ enyene ihe dị mkpa n'ebe akwụkwọ, nkà, ihe nkiri, music. Ivan manners omume ọzọ dị ka English onyenwe karịa a ahia. N'ezie, ụzọ ndụ nke agadi ike mmetụta na ọdịmma na nwetara Savva Mamontov. Biography philanthropist gaara dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na uto nke ezinụlọ ya. Ke adianade do, agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ nwoke na-emekwa ụfọdụ a nduzi, na-amụta na ọ na-asụ asụsụ ọzọ na European àgwà.

First Sawa mụọ na nkịtị akwụkwọ. Mgbe nna ya bufee ya na Institute of Civil Engineers agha na St. Petersburg. Nke a dị mkpebi a ọhụụ. Dị nnọọ mgbe ahụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ewu e mepụtara na Russia. Engineering ọrụ n'ozuzu aghọwo-ewu ewu nnọọ. Kasị na-amụrụ, Otú ọ dị, n'anya German asụsụ. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, nna ya were ya si St. Petersburg n'ihi ọrịa nke-acha uhie uhie ahụ ọkụ.

na-eto eto

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Savva Mamontov biography na ịmata ihe dị iche na ọtụtụ na-atụghị anya, ibe, banyere Metropolitan University, ma mgbe e mesịrị zigara Moscow, ebe ọ họọrọ Faculty of Iwu. N'agbanyeghị na a na iche iche, isi ahuhu nke nwa okorobịa bụ ihe nkiri. O uche otu oké premiere, na-agba gburugburu na Moscow intelligentsia. Site Mamontov ọbụna anya dị nnọọ amnestied na Decembrists.

Ivan wee na-ịga nke ọma eduzi mbubehe. O nwere ọtụtụ ndị ikom, ma ọ dịghị nke ha na-enweghị mmasị na azụmahịa. Olileanya ha pinned ya nna Sava. Na 1862 o zigara nwa ya na Baku, bụ ebe ọ na-aga azụmahịa omume nke mmekorita na Transcaspian. Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole Savva Mamontov, onye biography mere ọzọ zigzag, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi nke Central Moscow ụlọ ọrụ nke nzukọ.

Na 1864, ndị na-azụ ahịa gara Italy. Akpa, ọ chọrọ na-eme na ha ike, na abuo, na-aga ele anya na silk ahia. N'ihi nke a a họọrọ Lombardy. Ọ dịwo anya ama n'ihi na ya silk ịkpa ákwà ụlọ ọrụ na sericulture. Na Milan, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov zutere na obodo kpara nkiri "La Scala" ebe na-etinye ụwa ji mma opera. Onye ahịa bụ ókè mmasị ụdị art, na ọbụna malitere amu amu na-abụ abụ ihe.

Personal ndụ

Young Savva Mamontov, onye ndụ onwe onye mepụtara nnọọ nke ọma, o zutere ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nwunye Elizabeth Sapozhnikova ke akpa ini Italian njem. The girl na nna bụ a ma ama na-ahia nke silk, n'ihi na di na nwunye na-na ike Sava oké njọ ọnọdụ nke ezinụlọ ya.

Ivan Elizabeth nke ukwuu, ọ bụkwa ya na oké ọṅụ mma nhọrọ nke nwa ya. Mgbe a festive ememe, ụzọ gara Italy ọzọ - oge nke a maka a honiimuunu. Savva Mamontov nwunye mụụrụ ya na di ya ụmụ ise. Nwa ha nwaanyị Faith e gosiri ese Valentin Serov ya a ma ama sere "Girl na Piich".

Tycoon nketa

Nna Savvy Ivan Fedorovich akpa ke 1869, mgbe nke ya na ezinụlọ ya azụmahịa ebe nwa-ya. Nọchiri nyeere nne na nna aka. Na ha na-eto eto entrepreneur bụghị naanị ẹnịm, kamakwa ọtụtụ ndị nne na nna nketa. Ya mere, na 1872, na isi nke Society nke Moscow-Yaroslavl ụgbọ okporo ígwè wee ọhụrụ director - Savva Mamontov. Biography ahịa e kwuwo na a dịgasị iche iche nke azụmahịa ebe. N'out oge na ụgbọ okporo ígwè o nwere ahia ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-ọnọ ụlọ ihe. Mamontov nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eji na-edu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-elekọta mmadụ ndụ.

Family akwu Savva bụ Abramtsevo ala na ụlọ, zụrụ n'aka onye dere Sergei Aksakov. The nwunye a chere na ha na ụmụ ha na-eto eto mma na mba efep hassle na-adịghị mma na ọnọdụ. Always oké n'inwe nnuku ịhụnanya nke na-eme nke magnate mere Abramtzevo ọgaranya manor na ya akwụkwọ, na chọọchị, greenhouses, ubi, a n'ụlọ ọgwụ, a akwa na a dam na Onye Ohi River.

Bono

N'agbanyeghị nke akụ na ụba ọrụ, ndị ahịa wee na-enwe mmasị na-art. Ọ maara niile isi ọzọ nke mba ụbụrụ na-aghọ nke ya oge. Na Abramtsevo ọbụna kpụrụ a gburugburu nke ndị nka, hazie onwe ya bụ Savva Mamontov. Nti eziokwu nke ndụ ọgụgụ isi na nchebe ọ jikọtara na ozi ọma nke ọzọ isi azụmahịa na ulo. Mamontov enwetara obosara ama ama ama okokụre ewu mkpa maka ụgbọ okporo ígwè aku na uba na Donetsk coal efere. Communications e wuru na 1882. Mgbe afọ asatọ gasịrị, Savva rere ya na ala maka a uba.

Akpan akpan adịghị ike Mamontov nwere maka nka. Ọ bụ enyi na Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe. Onye ahịa bụ onye ikwu nke onye nchoputa nke a isi Moscow gallery Pavel Tretyakov.

Art nchebe

nchebe Savva Mamontov enyemaka nka bụghị naanị omume kamakwa n'ụzọ ego, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Ọ bụ a nna mmiri chukwu ka ọtụtụ na-eto talent. Ese ọnwa biri nri n'ulo-ya. N'ihi Savva Ivanovich bilie ọtọ kpakpando dị ka Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin na Serov. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise na ndị ihe na-ghọtara ochie ahụ, na-ese na-ala na ụlọ Mamontov. Ọ bụ ezie na onye ahịa e aku na na-achịkọta ihe osise gara biri na ntoputa nke ọhụrụ enyi si art ụwa.

Bono Savva aka n'ezie-eto eto na-ese ihe-awagharị awagharị. Na 1880, ndị kasị ibu mgbasa nke album e wepụtara na-ahia ngwaọrụ. Mamontov hazikwara art ngosi na Moscow. Ọnụ na noblewoman Maria Tenisheva ọ ego ama magazine "World of Art".

Ahuhu maka music na ihe nkiri

The sere bụghị nanị mmasị nke onye ahịa. Music - a bụ ihe ọzọ art na ọrịa Savva Mamontov. Nti eziokwu banyere ya na-amasị na-ọma mara mgbe ịgụgharị na-arụrụ ọrụ mere ndokwa na ulo-ya. N'ebe a ọrụ site Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky na ndị ọzọ na ama-arọ. Ọ bụghị isi olu ihe Mamontov o mere mgbe ụfọdụ wee gwa ndị ọbịa. Ọ na-nwere a haziri home arụmọrụ. Na otu nke arụmọrụ ọ na-egwuri na-eto eto na Konstantin Alexeev, bụ onye mesịrị ghọọ a ma ama n'ụwa nile nkiri director Stanislavsky.

Na 1882, onwe troupes n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro kwere na Russia. Otu n'ime ndị na-ozugbo wee uru nke ohere ọhụrụ ghọrọ Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo bụghị naanị a ogige eden nka. Philanthropist mmasị opera na nkpà dismissive àgwà nke Russian ọha na eze na nke a ụdị nkà, m kpebiri na m na-ahazi ihe opera nwetara. Ọ rọrọ nke a zuru ezu ọrụ na ogbo, nke nwere ike dịrị n'otu na-arụ ọrụ nke egwú, artists, abụ abụ na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ dịghị ihe dị ka anụ ụlọ nwetara ma ọkaka.

The nhọrọ nke a ọhụrụ troupe nke Savva Mamontov nyeere eduzi Nikolai Krotkov. Ndị na-ahazi kpebiri na-agba na-eto eto na-ese ihe, ọ bụghị ndị ọkà okwu na State Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Mamontov onwe ya kee ihe nkiri na-alaghị ọ bụla ọrụ, ma-agachi rehearsals na-ekwu na ndị eme ihe nkiri.

ụlọ ọrụ

Ná mmalite nke 1885 na a ụlọ ekesịpde Lianozovo nkiri ahụ bụ nke mbụ arụmọrụ Mamontov "BAT SOAP!" Troupe etinye na ọrụ site arọ Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Decorations e kere ya Isaakom Levitanom na Apollinary Vasnetsov. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ nwetara ( "nwetaghachi" na "Adịkwa nwunye ndị Windsor"). E nwere doro anya na "ihe ụmụ" Savva Mamontov ghọrọ ndị mbụ Russian nkiri nka. Ruo mgbe ahụ, oké njọ nka adịghị alụ mma maka nwetara, na-ewere ya na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ka ha dị larịị nke nka. E a niche illustrators e sere n'otu opera ndabere mma: ochie mkpọmkpọ ebe, ochie castles, ọdịdị Italy. Company "Railway King" gbanwere ike iji.

N'ihi na ezi a ogologo oge, ihe ibuo opera Mamontov bụghị a ịga nke ọma na-ege ntị. Emetụta enweghị ahụmahụ na-eto eto "untried" eme ihe nkiri. The entrepreneur, Otú ọ dị, ọma wetuo ogwe aka, n'agbanyeghị eji okwu ọjọọ arụ na pịa ma na-akatọ ndị enyi bụ ndị kweere na oké njọ magnate ghara eme ihe efu. The mbụ elu-profaịlụ njem nke nkiri wee ebe naanị na 1898 mgbe ụlọ ọrụ merie Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Tụkwasị na nke a ncheta na Sergiev Posad na Yaroslavl, a pụrụ iche ncheta Savva Mamontov - na nka, mere ma ama site ya opera. Ndị a gụnyere kpakpando Chaliapin idaha-arọ Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov na Mussorgsky.

na-akpali eziokwu

Patronage Mamontov Ọ bụghị nanị na onye art. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ bụ onyeisi oche na Delvigovskom ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Moscow. Savva ego ndị na-ewu ụlọ akwụkwọ, tinyere ke edere edere anāchi achi. Ha e Kostroma ulo oru mahadum. Na St. Petersburg, haziri tycoon mbipụta ọdịiche emesapụ echiche nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Russian." Ọ e mechiri na 1902, mgbe e nwere pụtara skit Ndinam fun nke ezinụlọ eze.

Charity mmasị n'ebe ugwu site mammoth wee na-ewu nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Arkhangelsk. Atumatu oru ngo a e ji ya akpan akpan mgbagwoju na ihe isi ike. Site ná mmalite, ọ na-ekwe nkwa ngwa ngwa na anya enwetakwa. Savva wee na-ewu nke naanị nke a n'echiche nke Civic oru na mmata nke ihe ọhụrụ akara ga mee ngwangwa mmepe n'ebe ugwu.

Ndị ụzọ Arkhangelsk e dechara na 1897. Ọ bụ nke dị oké mkpa ma maka ebe ugwu ugwu, n'ihi na mba ahụ dum. N'agbanyeghị akporo ya na-eme, Savva chọghị ọha ude. Ọ na-achọ n'ohu na kwuo, enweghị njikọ na ike na-abụ. Ma, tycoon nwere elu-echere ha echiche na patrons. Otu n'ime ha e weere na Minister nke Finance Sergei Witte. Mgbe ndị na-ewu ụgbọ okporo na Arkhangelsk mere ka onye ukara awarding mammoth Order of St. Vladimir nke anọ ogo.

Odida na ikpeazụ afọ

Na 1890 Savva Morozov wee ya kasị ukwuu entrepreneurial oru ngo. Ọ gụnyere ihe e kere eke nke na-akpakọrịta nke iga na ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihi na nke a tycoon zụta ụfọdụ ochie ma na-achọ osisi modernization. Mmezi eri nke bukwanu mmefu. Savva Mamontov ezinụlọ nwayọọ nwayọọ furu efu ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ego. Na 1898, ịchọta onwe ha n'ọnọdụ siri ike, na entrepreneur kpebiri na a ize ndụ ego azụmahịa na mbak nke Yaroslavl ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Dị ka a N'ihi nke na ire ala Mamontov emecha wee odida.

Ịgbalị gbanahụ ego mbibi, philanthropist natara ala kwetara ka iru a ụgbọ okporo ígwè si St. Petersburg na Vyatka. Otú ọ dị, nke a nanị aggravated ọnọdụ ahụ. Na 1899, na mammoth gwụrụ ego, o nwere ike agaghịkwa akwụ ụgwọ multiple ụgwọ. Ọzọkwa, obodo ahụ nọchiri anya ya Ministry of Finance họpụtara ihe oditi, a ụzọ.

The okwu gara ụlọikpe. Savva ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa mkpọrọ, ọ nọ na-efunahụ nke onwunwe. Na-azụ ahịa na-ebo ebubo na o riri ego. Na ikpe, ọ gbachiteere ndị pụtara ìhè nnọchiteanya nke mba onwe Fedor Plevako. Mamontov tọhapụrụ, a tọhapụrụ ya n'okpuru otuto nke ọha na eze. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị isi obodo ama ekpe. Life itule Savva ẹkenịmde nke ọha ndụ. Mgbe ikpe, ọ kwagara a obere ụlọ nke dị nso Butyrskaya Gate. Mamontov ji nanị a obere gburugburu ochie enyi, bụ ndị na-a maara nke ọma na mba nka na-eme ihe nkiri. Maecenas nwụrụ April 6, 1918 na afọ 76 na afọ. E liri ya n'ime obodo nke Abramtsevo.