Slewing biarin ihe dị iche iche na ngwá

N'ụwa taa, na-elekwasị anya ihe e kere eke na ụdi ọrụ nke dị iche iche na usoro na ígwè ọrụ. Megide a ndabere, na nke ugbu a rụzuru nke injinia ekwe ojiji nke na-ama merela agadi development, nke na akpa ilekiri adịghị ka ịbụ ihe karịrị ike mmadụ, ma n'otu oge ahụ n'ụzọ zuru okè na-egosi onwe ya na-eme. On otu n'ime ndị a na ụdị ngwá, nke na-eji taa site ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na, na a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a. Aha nke isiokwu a nke rụpụta - slewing unit (OPU). All ya atụmatụ, dịgasị iche iche, Ndozi na ubi were, anyị Pohorje ọzọ.

nkenke ọmụma

N'ihi ya, support-n'usoro ngwaọrụ - bụ ihe ntị zuru ezu, a ukwuu irè usoro maka ibu nnyefe si agba gburugburu akụkụ ozugbo na-agba ọsọ mmewere. Ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-e bụghị taa, ma ihe karịrị afọ ewu ewu na nke na saịtị na-na-eto eto, ọ na-emekwa ọ bụghị naanị na ụgbọala cranes na ulo oru nkeji, ma, ọbụna na satellite efere.

nhazi ọkwa

Slewing biarin, ka ọ bụla ọzọ technical ngwaahịa, factory nwere ya nhazi ọkwa. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a ngwaọrụ nwere ike igosi ikwu adiana:

• Static, ofu brackets.
• Ofu kọlụm.
• Anyịnya support gburugburu.

ụdị

GTC bọl ụdị na-emepụta na ụdị a abụọ-ahiri angular kọntaktị bọl amị. Nke a ngwaọrụ na-agụnye ihe elu na ihe dị n'ime mgbanaka ahịrị abụọ nke bọọlụ therebetween. The elu onu bụ ofu na rotary etiti site bolts na-agụnye elu na nke ala mgbanaka. N'ịgbakwasị yiri mgbaaka na mere olu akwa. E nwekwara shim.

Ala OPU nwere a pụrụ iche uru tụnyere bọl analọg, nke bụ a nnọọ ukwuu ikike. Ala support-pivot usoro mejupụtara:

• n'ime ogige ahụ.
• Chassis eku.
• Ihe abụọ yiri mgbaaka.
• Rollers.

The n'ime mgbanaka ekele mgbanaka gia na-meshed na mmepụta gia wheel n'aka usoro. The rollers mere ndokwa n'etiti yiri mgbaaka na-ndokwa perpendicular ka ọ bụla ọzọ. The rollers na-akpụ akpụ na tracks banye ibu na-eme ihe ala, na mpịakọta na tracks oké ọgba rollers ịrụ ọrụ, na-echebe eku megide mberede Inye ego mmiri oyi. Lubrication rollers emee site pụrụ iche lubricators mere ndokwa na a mgbanaka.

Jiri na akpakanamde engineering

Atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu slewing kreenu. Nke a usoro na-enwe ike ịmata ihe ndị ibu na arọ nke rotary akụkụ nke kreenu na ibu zie / weliri ibu. GTC nwekwara ike idi na ike mmetụta nke ifufe ibu dị iche iche na-akpa ike agha.

Ọtụtụ mgbe slewing kreenu na-anọchi anya dị ka a gburugburu ma ọ bụ Rolling bọọlụ. Dị otú ahụ nzukọ a na-eji dị otú ahụ cranes ka AA-5G, AK-5, K-32 na bụ a gburugburu inyefe ọnụ na support ọcha nke ala ụdị. The gburugburu na ofu na n'elu a static etiti ma ibughari akụkụ (akwado-ala ọcha) - ala nke n'usoro igwe n'elu ikpo okwu.

Rolling gburugburu

Gịnị ka ọ bụ? N'ezie, a na nnukwu mgbanaka, a igba ígwè ọnụ na center isi. The elu n'akụkụ nke gburugburu nwere a pụrụ iche annular uzo na a ụzọ nke mmasị na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ, nke pụtara tapered rollers agba support òtù. Mgbe n'elu nke gburugburu n'ịnyịnya mgbanaka gia usoro maka adiana, na ala onu nke ehiwe gearbox mmasị static eku.

Kemgbe afọ 1960, ụgbọala cranes malitere itinye slewing biarin na bọọlụ na Rolling gburugburu iji kwụsịrị fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam. The ọhụrụ GTC bụ pụrụ iche na ugbua ka enwere:

• Esịtidem adiana nke usoro.
• A ofu yoke.
• Ụzọ elu ibughari yiri mgbaaka (ala na elu), nke na-interconnected site bolts.

N'etiti n'olu mere ndokwa na ahịrị abụọ nke ígwè bọọlụ na-enwe a dayameta nke 30 mm. The iche n'etiti ndị chaplet emee site a pụrụ iche separator. N'etiti bọọlụ na n'olu nwere a nwechapụ, kemeghi gasket.

oru ihe

Slewing - slewing usoro, nke-amanye ha ṅara ntị na ntụziaka nke mmezi na arụmọrụ pesonel.

Onye ọ bụla dị otú ahụ na-akwado ga-n'okpuru oge, mmezi visual nnyocha. Ọ ga-abụ n'aka na ịrụ ule tightening ejikọta bolts jide griiz rubbing n'akụkụ ke n'ime-ulo nke poolu na ezé.

The oge mbụ ogo tightening nke bolts na-enyocha tupu mmalite ọnụ na-esote nso-ekwesị a rụrụ na abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ ebiliri ibe ha. Mkpa: utjazhki bolts ga-rụrụ na a diagonal, iji zere ahaghị nhata na pụrụ iduga akaghi aka ọdịda nke usoro.

Ijikwa ịkpachara anya

Slewing biarin nwere ike doro ịrụzi ma ọ bụ na-eme mmezi, ọ bụghị nanị n'ime ihe dị iche iche idozi ụlọ ahịa ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta ọrịa emmepe, kamakwa ubi na-eji a pụrụ iche mobile ụgbọ. Iji n'enweghị ịrụ zuru akporo ọrụ ga na-edu "oru nchedo iwu na ụzọ iga" na ndị ọzọ normative technical akwụkwọ.

Machinists na fitters nwere ikike na-ebu ihe ọ bụla oru omume naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere mkpa ruru eru, na-egosi na akwụkwọ.

Tupu arụ mmezi ọrụ idozi ụgbọ ala anyịnya kpam ewepu-ekwe omume nke ya n'amaghi ije na bụla direction. Ị ga-gbanyụọ haịdrọlik, pneumatic, eletriki na usoro na engine, post aka ná ntị ihe ịrịba ama ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

A okwu ole na ole banyere egwupụta

Slewing excavator-enyere ya aka ibu ọrụ ya. Site n'onwe ya, na-turntable agbagharị banyere a ekwesị gbakwasara axis ma ntụziaka na 360 degrees.

Rotary support ngwaọrụ nke excavator nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• Odnokatkovoe.
• Dvuhkatkovoe.
• Na obi ụtọ okpukpu abụọ n'usoro.

Kasị nkịtị na oge anyị na-ama natara bọl (ala) OPU. The doro uru nke ndị dị otú ahụ usoro bụ dịghị chọrọ iji ha via N'ịgbakwasị spigot nke a chọrọ nke ala arụnyere na ngwaọrụ iji chefuo kwụ ike.

Ngabiga bụ n'ihi na a cantilever njikọ aka pinion na mgbanaka gia. Gear n'oge ọrụ nke excavator Nkea na okpueze, nke n'ikpeazụ na-enye ikpo okwu bugharia na ezi n'akuku. Gearing nwere ike ịbụ ma mpụga na esịtidem.

Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na-akwado-atụgharị na ngwaọrụ na-enye ohere excavator na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị dị iche iche ahazi, enweghị na-eme jamming nke igwe rotor nime ékpè, nakwa dị ka n'oge rotational mmegharị nke excavator na trailed arụ ọrụ unit na iga ọnọdụ.

ala-ụdị ngwaọrụ nwere otu isi drawback: amanyere bụ iwu ọnụnọ nke gaps n'etiti rollers na mbịne gburugburu na-eduga ná eziokwu na n'oge ọrụ nke excavator n'elu ikpo okwu na-amalite "nkata."

Cranes ụlọ elu ụdị

Slewing ụlọ elu kreenu kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche. OPU on cranes nke ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ iche:

• Mgbịrịgba na dabara n'elu nke anyịnya ụlọ elu.
• Mgbịrịgba, eyịride na glides.
• Shank, nke dabeere na n'etiti, ndị nke abụọ nzube amị na amị ẹkenịmde na ala.
• Gburugburu slewing bọl ma ọ bụ ala.

Ọ ga-aghọta na ihe nile nke ndị a ngwaọrụ ga-rụrụ na-elu kpomkwem iji zere nnukwu imbalances ekemende dum Ọdịdị na misalignment nke na-ebupụta, dị ka ndị a adịghị emezi emezi bụ fọrọ-agaghị ekwe omume iji kpochapụ ihe ọ bụla ukpụhọde, na nke a na-, n'aka nke ya, na-eduga ná jamming. Iji zere-adabaghị rotary mgbịrịgba ka na articulated njikọ na eliminates ọzọ ibu mgbe distortions.

Ma slewing ala-ụdị ngwaọrụ eji na wheeled na crawler hoisting igwe, ulo-elu cranes, ha nnọọ anaghị emetụta, n'ihi na ọ na-achọ huu kasị elu ziri ezi. Ma ọ bụghị ya, gaps pụtara ìhè n'ihu ime ka a dị nnọọ ike Ngabiga nke ulo-elu, na nke a bụ ihe ize ndụ na nchekwa nke pesonel.

N'aka nke ya, obi ụtọ na ala amị wheel kpamkpam nke na-enweghị ihe a emezighị emezi. Mgbaaka okirikiri data emepụta si karịsịa elu-edu ígwè, na treadmills inyefe ozu na-doro quenching. Na di ntakiri wear ndị a tracks hụ a kacha nta ogo Ngabiga pivot elu na zuru ike na ndị a na wiil. Ke adianade do, ndị a slewing anaghị amanye ha ịrụ ukpụhọde ini ọrụ, nke, N'ezie, bụ ha apụghị ịgbagha agbagha uru.

Nkenke Ụgha na ojiji nke yiri mgbaaka nke inyefe ozu, sitere na na size na micron nso, na-enyere aka belata ego nke axial na radial gaps.

Ọzọkwa, iji na-akwado-n'usoro kreenu ngwaọrụ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu arụmọrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji belata nnabata nke unit Chassis eku. etiti nupụsịrị ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị ọkara axial nwechapụ, nke tụrụ na akwụkwọ gburugburu. The elu eku nke n'usoro n'elu ikpo okwu ga-enwe a elu rigidity, ka ndi ibu nke na-eme na ya, evenly ekesa n'elu dum ogologo nke gburugburu. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ elu etiti deformation ga gafere na nke ala nke etiti, ma ọ bụ ike ime nnọọ ekwesighi - mberede ọdịdọ nke ala n'ahịrị rollers.

ụlọ ọrụ

Rotary support ogwe ngwaọrụ-eji ihe atụ, na Metallurgical ma ọ bụ chemical ụlọ ọrụ, yiri nnọọ ka imewe nke ụgbọala kreenu. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a mgbanaka gia na pinion, eku, ibu-eweli mmewere. Kasị manipulators ejikwara n'okpuru otu gbawara ọkụ ma ọ bụ Rolling na nkume igwe nri, a haịdrọlik actuator, nke incombustible emulsions ọkwa-eji dị ka na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ.

Satellite TV na nkwurịta okwu na

Slewing antennas na-eje ozi maka nghọta poolu usoro onwe ya, dị ka nke ọma dị ka aiming doo enwupụta ya na agba anọ satellite. GTC antennas-iche site na mirror gwara atụmatụ. Nnọọ na-ewu ewu pola nkwusioru, nke-enye gị ohere bugharia poolu na otu ụgbọelu na n'otu oge ahụ na-ebu na-ele anya akụkụ nke ndị geostationary orbit.

Onwe ya, nkwusioru na-akpali site na-arụ ọrụ na-electric actuator na-enye adiana nke mpi.

N'ozuzu, ndị actuator slewing ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ezi corrosive na ike ọnọdụ: na e nwere nnukwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ifufe ibu, mmetụta nke ọdịda. Linear actuator slewing ngwaọrụ na-onwem na a ala-na-ike electric moto nke a na-gbanyụrụ bụrụ na nke ekpo oke ọkụ n'ihi akpali nke a mmetụta - a bimetallic platinum.

Ọ bụrụ na e a okwu banyere ụdị OPU "mmiri - mmiri", o kwesịrị ekwesị na-ekwu na nke a, na ngwaọrụ na-onwem na a gia usoro, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na poolu adiana na mmiri gburugburu pola axis nke dum ogologo nke geostationary orbit.

kere eke

Production slewing ngwaọrụ - bụ kama mgbagwoju anya na-agwụ ha ike usoro. Ọ na-achọ enterprise ọrụ nwere ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na nkà na elu nzere.

Production slewing ngwaọrụ chotkom emee na dị na chọrọ okpomọkụ ọnọdụ. Karịsịa, ndị a ngwaahịa mejupụtara ndabere nke a doped preform normalized akpọrepu gafere niile nkebi termouluchsheniya. Pụrụ ịdabere na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke ego na nkwupụta a na-nyere site na iji a pụrụ iche hardening inductors.

ọrụ

Dị ka ị ama aka yiri ka ịghọta na ndozi nke positioner --apụghị izere ezere omume na kwesịrị ịtụkwasị obi na ọkachamara.

Mgbe na ego na nkwupụta na iji inyefe bọl ahụ, mgbe ahụ, e nwere ndị na-akpọ ebe-kọntaktị n'etiti niile bọọlụ na raceways. N'ihi nke a, ndị perimeta nke tracks enwe annular grooves * Tụkwasị na udi. All a na-eduga ná ọdịda nke ngwaọrụ na ntoputa nke mkpa idozi arụmọrụ.

Nsogbu a na-tutu amama ndị na-esonụ ụzọ. Ná mmalite kpochapụ uzo pụtara site racetracks usoro mụụrụ, na mgbe na-arụ na-ekwesi kọntaktị elu nke imecha-plasma ọgwụgwọ. Mgbe ahụ, na iji melite anwụ ngwa ngwa nke wheel slewing na Lanes setịpụrụ crosswise ala Rolling ọcha, jikọtara na a bọl "ụmụnne." Nke a steeti inyefe ozu enyere mkpochapu ntụpọ nke rollers * Tụkwasị elu nke bọl ahụ.

Practice egosiwo na kasị loaded akụkụ nke ego na nkwupụta bụ ala ibughari mgbanaka, nke, n'aka, nwere a dị iche iche ike gafee ya cross-ngalaba. Ka ihe atụ, mgbanaka n'okpuru inyefe ozu HRC ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere a ekweghị ekwe nke 60 nkeji, na ala elu - 35 nkeji. Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ibu mmebi amalite ime kpomkwem na ala elu, na a-emecha na-akpata a deformation nke slewing na ẹsụhọde pụrụ ịdabere na ya na anwụ ngwa ngwa.

Dabere na n'elu, o doro anya na n'oge mmezi nke substation akara uche pụrụ iche na-akwụ ụgwọ ala ibughari mgbanaka nke na jikọọ na a na mpe mpe akwa ka nke pụrụ iche elu-ike ihe. Ekwe na-eji na-sectional warara, nke nkwonkwo nwere ike enịm ke ibutu ma ọ bụ ejighị ya kpọrọ kwajuru ebe. Kpọgide nke inyeaka gasket emee site kposara ma ọ bụ ulo oru glues.