Maka nke ụwa dum kasị ama "na-akpọ kaadị" nke Russia bụ Kremlin, Red Square na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na Moscow. Nke ikpeazụ nwere nwekwara ndị ọzọ na aha, ndị kasị ewu ewu nke bụ Cathedral nke Ịrịọchite na ekpe mmiri juru.
Isi
Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo -eme ememe ya 450th ncheta nke 02.07.2011 Nke a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị e wuru na Red Square. Amazing na ya mara mma temple na-anọchi anya a mgbagwoju ụka n'otu a nkịtị isi. Ọbụna ndị maara ihe ọ bụla banyere ije nke Russia, ga-amata na Church Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Katidral nwere a pụrụ iche mma - ya nile yi domes dị iche n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ.
Ke isi (Ịrịọchite) nke ụka bụ iconostasis, nke e si ebibi 1770, ndị Kremlin Church of Chernigov ọrụ ebube ndị ọrụ. Ke Re nke Church nke Ịrịọchite nke Nne nke Chineke bụ ihe ndị kasị bara uru ihe oyiyi nke Katidral, ndị kasị ochie nke ha - na akara ngosi nke Vasiliya Blazhennogo (XVI na narị afọ.), E Dere kpọmkwem maka nke a na chọọchị. Ozugbo na ngosi oyiyi nke Asaa narị afọ.: Anyị Lady nke ihe ịrịba ama na Ịrịọchite nke Theotokos. Mbipụta ndị mbụ onyinyo, emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke facade nke chọọchị.
History of ọdịdị nke temple
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-ewu nke ka enwetara a ndị na-emeghị na akụkọ na-emeghị, wuru site eze mbụ nke Russia Ivana Groznogo. A raara ya nye na ndị dị mkpa omume - ya bụ, mmeri Kazan Khanate. Dị mwute ikwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme, architects aha kere a na-enweghị atụ masterpiece, bụghị ọbọhọ. E nwere ọtụtụ nsụgharị dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ewu ụlọ nsọ ahụ, ma budata na-adịghị ike onye kere St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow bụ isi obodo nke Russia, otú ahụ ka eze zukọtara n'isi obodo nke kasị mma nke nna ukwu. Dị ka otu omenala bụ isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Pskov Postnik Yakovlev utu aha Barma. Ọzọ version kpamkpam megidere nke a. Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na ore mmanya na Ọsọ ọsọ - dị iche iche nke nna ukwu. Ọbụna ihe mgbagwoju anya na-ebilite si atọ version, nke na-ekwu na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na Moscow e wuru Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ma ndị kasị ewu ewu akụkọ banyere ụlọ nsọ a bụ onye nke na-ezo aka isi nke architects onye kere a masterpiece, nke mere na ha enweghị ike na-ekpeghachi ya kere eke.
Malite aha
N'ụzọ na-eju, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na isi chọọchị nke temple raara nye Nsọ Virgin, na ụwa ya na-mara dị ka St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow ka mgbe niile a otutu ndi-nzuzu (gọzie "ndị nke Chineke"), ma aha otu n'ime ha e dere ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. Mad Basil bi n'okporo ámá na ọbụna oyi wee shirtless. Na nke a niile ozu ya festooned ígwè ndị na-ígwè ígwè na ibu obe. Nwoke a na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ukwuu na Moscow. Ọbụna eze si mesoo ya uncharacteristic ụjọ. Vasiliy Blazhenny asọpụrụ ụmụ amaala ka a ọrụ ebube. Enye ama akpa ke 1552, na 1588 ili ya e wuru a chọọchị. Ọ bụ nke a Ọdịdị nyere nkịtị aha maka nke a temple.
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (nkọwa)
Fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla ẹyak Moscow maara na isi nnọchianya nke Russia bụ Red Square. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị asọpụrụ ebe dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ na ncheta dị na ya. The temple na-anyanya 10 ebube domes. Around isi (isi) Church akpọ Ịrịọchite symmetrically ndokwa asatọ ndị ọzọ. Ha na-wuru n'ụdị asatọ kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando. All chọọchị ndị a na-anọchi anya weere na ụbọchị nke na-akpọkwa ndị Kazan Khanate ememe okpukpe.
Domes of St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na mgbịrịgba elu
Eight ụka kpuwere ya bulbous 8 isi. The isi (Central) ụlọ zuru ezu "tent", n'elu nke adahade a obere, "cupola". Iri dome e wuru chọọchị mgbịrịgba elu. Gịnị bụ dị ịrịba ama bụ na niile nke temple domes bụ kpamkpam dị iche iche n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ na ha udidi na agba.
Modern mgbịrịgba elu nke chọọchị na-wuru na saịtị nke ochie belfry, nke na-kpamkpam dara n'ime disrepair na Asaa na narị afọ. Ọ e wuru na 1680 ke ukot nke mgbịrịgba elu bụ a oke elu nkata, nke wuru octagon. Ọ nwere ihe n'èzí ebe nchọ site 8 ogidi. Ha nile na-interconnected arched jikọrọ abụọ abụọ. Top saịtị kpuwere elu octagonal tent, n'ọnụ nke na-mma na taịl nke dị iche iche na agba (na-acha ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo, na agba aja aja). Ọnu-ya taịl kpuchie green mgbakọ. Mgbe n'elu ụlọikwuu bụ bulbous isi, topped site octagonal cross. Inside ahịhịa na osisi ibé nghọta hey, nke na-achụpụ azụ na na Asaa-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ.
ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ
Nine Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral ụka interconnected site a nkịtị isi na a gallery. Ya mma bụ a whimsical sere, isi ebumnobi nke ndị Ifuru aghụghọ. The pụrụ iche style of temple agwakọta ọdịnala ma European na Russian ije nke Renaissance. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke Katidral na-ma arched oghere. The elu nke temple (ndị kasị elu dome) 65 m Names Council of Churches :. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, Atọ n'Ime Otu, Martyrs Adrian na Natalia, n'ọnụ ụzọ Jerusalem, Ioanna Milostivogo, Varlaama Hutynskogo, Aleksandra Svirskogo, Gregory nke Armenian, Nchedo nke Nne nke Chineke.
Akụkụ ọzọ nke ihe temple bụ na ọ dịghị n'okpuru ala. Ọ bụ oké ike na okpuru ulo mgbidi (iru a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 3 m). The elu nke ọ bụla nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ mkpokọta 6.5 m. Dum ewu edere temple bụ ihe pụrụ iche dị ka ogologo torispherical uko n'okpuru ala nwere dịghị akwado ogidi. The mgbidi nke ụlọ "ịkpụ" a na-akpọ "ikuku oghere", nke na-warara oghere. Ha na-enye a pụrụ iche microclimate na chọọchị. Afọ n'okpuru ala ogige na-adịghị n'oge parishioners. Nishi-caches e ji dị ka nchekwa na-emechi ụzọ, ọnụnọ nke nke dị ugbu a na-egosi na mgbidi nke akaghị. Ọ na-kweere na tupu ọgwụgwụ XVI. ha nọ na-ndebe akụ eze.
The nwayọọ nwayọọ mgbanwe nke Council
Na na njedebe nke XVI narị afọ. n'elu temple wee mgbakọ isi, nke dochie mbụ n'uko, ọkụ na ọzọ ọkụ. Nke a Orthodox Cathedral na Asaa na narị afọ. akpọ Atọ n'Ime Otu, dị ka nke mbụ osisi ụka, nke dị na saịtị, ya e wuru na nsọpụrụ nke Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu. Na mbụ ụlọ a bụ a ọzọ siri ike a na uche anya, n'ihi na ọ na e wuru nkume na brick. Naanị na Asaa na narị afọ. All domes na mma na seramiiki taịl nile. N'otu oge ahụ na ụlọ nsọ nọ na-agbakwunyere akpàràkpà ewu. Mgbe ahụ, e n'ụlọikwuu n'elu ulo-ìbà na mgbagwoju anya osise nke mgbidi na uko ụlọ. Na n'otu oge ahụ, na mgbidi na n'uko sere pụtara keugwu. Na 1931, tupu temple e wuru a ncheta Minin na Pozharsky. Iji ụbọchị, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo bụ na nkwonkwo ikike nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia na Historical Museum na Moscow. Ụlọ a bụ a omenala nketa nke Russia. Ịma mma na ịpụ iche nke ụlọ nsọ a na ekele n'ụwa nile. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na Moscow metụtara World Heritage site UNESCO.
Uru Protection Cathedral na USSR
N'agbanyeghị mkpagbu nke Soviet ike n'ihe banyere okpukpe na mbibi nke a nnukwu ọtụtụ chọọchị, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na Moscow na 1918, e debere n'okpuru ala nchedo dị ka a omenala ncheta nke ụwa mkpa. Ọ bụ n'oge a, mgbalị nile nke ọchịchị lekwasịrị anya e kere eke nke a ngosi nka na ya. Nke mbụ bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ nsọ Archpriest John Kuznetsov. Ọ bụ ya na-fọrọ nke nta naanị elekọta ewu mmezi, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ya nanị jogburu onwe ya. Na 1923, Katidral emi odude na akụkọ ihe mere eme-ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngosi nka "Pokrovsky Cathedral". Ugbua na 1928 ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime alaka nke State Historical Museum. Na 1929, ya na ya niile hey na ofufe e wepụrụ ha iwu. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ụlọ nsọ nke fọrọ nke nta ka otu narị afọ nke mgbe niile na-arụzigharị, ya ịkọwa e mechiri naanị otu ugboro - n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.
St. Basil Katidral na 1991-2014 biennium.
Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo kwagara nkwonkwo ojiji nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia na State Historical Museum. On 15.08.1997, na chọọchị ndị maliteghachiri na ezumike na Sunday ọrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na 2011, na-emeghe ka mbụ keerughi ụlọ ekpere, ebe ọhụrụ ngosi na ndokwa.