Stalinization - a usoro nke de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - bụ usoro nke mkpochapu ideological na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ nke e guzobere n'oge ọchịchị I. V. Stalina, gụnyere ofufe nke akwa onye ndú bụ. Nke a na okwu na-eji na Western akwụkwọ kemgbe afọ ndị 1960. Na taa isiokwu anyị ga-usoro nke de-Stalinization (dị ka ọ na e tụụrụ ime na rụrụ site Khrushchev), nakwa dị ka ya pụta. Ná mmechi, anyị na-atụle a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke a iwu na Ukraine na Russia.

Mmalite nke de-Stalinization

The arụmụka n'elu nke a nke na-adịghị anyụ anyụ ruo ugbu a. Ụfọdụ ndị na-ewere na ndị debunking nke Stalin àgwà ga-ama aka iso, ebe ndị ọzọ - na-akpọ a iwu ndudue Khrushchev. Ọ niile malitere na 1953. Onye Ndú ọchịchị aka ike nwụrụ, na ya usoro ihe ochie. Iji ike ngwa ngwa wee nkọ ma bụrụkwa Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. O nweghị akwụkwọ, ma ọ na-kpamkpam dechapụ site a ijuanya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị uche. Ọ malitere na nke kasị ala ọnọdụ ke ọzọ na-adị mfe hụrụ ọhụrụ na ọnọdụ. Na 1956, mgbe XX Congress nke CPSU, e kpebiri debunk ìsì ofufe nke Stalin àgwà. Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere M. Gefter, iguzogide ndị ọchịchị adị ọbụna tupu ọnwụ nke onye ndú. Ikwere na Stalin si clairvoyance e ghara ikwe na site a arọ imeri ke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. The oge mbụ àgwà òtù nzuzo e jikọtara ya na Beria. Ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọ malitere ukara de-Stalinization ọha mmadụ.

"Secret akụkọ" Khrushchev

XX Congress nke CPSU na 1436 chikọta nnọchiteanya. Ọ na-akpọ maka ọnwa asatọ tupu n'obi imecha n'ihi mkpa ka o degharịa udu mgbe ọnwụ nke Stalin. O biri na a na-akpọ "ihe nzuzo akụkọ" Khrushchev. Mesiri ike e nyere ndị ozi natara site Commission Pospelov banyere ada. Dị ka Khrushchev, 70% nke na-aga ime na Central Committee hoputara na Asaa Congress, bu ogbugba. Otú ọ dị, Khrushchev siri ọnwụ na de-Stalinization - nke a abụghị mbibi nke ntọala nke a socialist ọha mmadụ na mkpochapu nke na-emerụ òtù nzuzo. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, collectivization na ikike agha na mmegide ndị agha e weere na ha dị mkpa milestones na mmepe nke Soviet Union dị ka a siri ike ala. The ada E boro ya ebubo n'onwe ya site Stalin na ya agbakwa. Khrushchev na-aghọta na mmalite nke nsogbu na-edina bụghị na àgwà nke onye ndú ahụ, ma na usoro onwe ya.

Esi na ya pụta n'ihi na mba

"Secret akụkọ" Khrushchev e bipụtara na ama na-agụ naanị na nzukọ nke party ọrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị na-ekwu. Stalin na-aghọta zuru ọjọọ. N'oge ọchịchị ya, "agbanwebeghị ọdịdị nke" ezigbo socialism. Society ka na-akpụ akpụ na ụzọ nke ziri ezi, ya bụ, Ọchịchị Kọmunist. Na-adịghị mma na-na-mara ọkwa surmounted ekele mgbalị Communist Party isi. N'ihi ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ewepụ ibu ọrụ nke Stalin na-akwado. Ha nọgidere na isi ọnọdụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, "ihe nzuzo akụkọ" Khrushchev:

• Ọ gbanwere akparamaagwa nke Soviet ndị mmadụ;
• kewaa ụwa Kọmunist ije;
• bụ ihe àmà nke adịghị ike nke USSR na West.

Stalinization: oge site 1953 1964god

Na a otu nke dị iche iche àgwà ndị ọhụrụ iwu. Ọ malitere a ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị Soviet Union na West. Ka na-amalite site ná mmalite. Na 1953, Stalin nwụrụ. N'ime n'afọ ọzọ aha ya na image bụ mgbe niile na-atụle na na okwu nke otu na-edu ndú. Mgbe "ihe nzuzo akụkọ" malitere ukara na iwu nke de-Stalinization. Otú ọ dị, a otu enwere a dum nso nke dị iche iche echiche nke mbụ Secretary General. The discrediting nke Stalin àgwà dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke na oge eduba a igbu onwe agha. Ọtụtụ na-adịghị aghọta ihe mere na Khrushchev malitere ekwusi okwu echiche ha banyere mkpagbu nanị mgbe ọnwụ nke oké onye ndú. Ke akpa ogbo nke de-Stalinization - bụ isi ọ bụ nkewa nke akara usoro. Republican management e nyere ihe karịrị 10 puku ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka Act na 1957 kere karịrị otu narị afọ nke aku na uba na mpaghara na mkpokọta management ozu - aku councils. Decentralization mma akụkụ bụ anya na obodo, atumatu. Na-adịghị mma - mbenata na nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu. The Soviet usoro furu efu ike itinye uche ego ka development. decentralization peaked na 1961.

XXII Congress nke CPSU

Abalị, October 31, 1961 Red Square e cordoned anya. People a mara ọkwa na ẹkenịmde a mmeghari maka Nme on 7 November. Ma, n'ezie, mejuputa mkpebi nke XXII Congress nke Communist Party nke Soviet Union. Ya bụ, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka Stalin si mausoleum. Onye ọ bụla ghọtara na otú ahụ edinam pụrụ iduga ọgba aghara. N'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime edepuchaala Stalinization - nke a bụ nnọọ ihe omume. N'etiti iju ndị a ọtụtụ ndị agha. Obodo malitere edoghi any bee ncheta nke oké onye ndú. The ndị mmadụ jiri egwuregwu kwuo na Khrushchev atọhapụ elu ohere na Mausoleum esote Lenin maka onwe ha. Na 1961, ọtụtụ ndị na obodo ndị renamed.

na Ukraine

Stalinization - a iwu na budata mmetụta ọnọdụ na Ukrainian SSR. N'oge a, ọ bụ discontinued nkuzi megide mba echiche ahụ slowed usoro nke Russification na ụba ọrụ nke Ukrainian ihe na-akpata ihe niile na ngalaba. Na post of mbụ odeakwụkwọ nke Communist Party Central Committee hoputara Kirichenko. Nlekọta ọnọdụ malitere mgbọrọgwụ Ukrainians. Na 1954 na USSR e bufere Crimea. Nke a mkpebi na-akpali territorial mbọhọ na azụmahịa obodo. Nsogbu bụ agbụrụ mejupụtara nke ndị bi na. Ukrainians guru nke naanị 13.7%. The mma oge nke de-Stalinization usoro bụ mmụba nke ikike nke Union mba. Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ya mere ka ihe esemokwu ọha mmadụ.