Na ụfọdụ obodo e nwere bụ a ncheta Dzerzhinsky. Mweghachi nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky na akụkọ ihe mere eme na saịtị na Moscow

Naanị ọnwa ole na ole agafeela kemgbe nloghachi nke ncheta Fe Dzerzhinsky on Lubyanka Square. Iro na-akwado nke a na mkpebi nke ndị ọchịchị bụ oké set. Iji ghọta ihe mere ndị dị otú ahụ a oké ọha mmeghachi omume, na-aghọta na ọrụ nke onye na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Iron Felix USSR.

Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky: biography

Onye ama ama statesman nke Soviet oge malitere ọrụ ya na ndị ezinụlọ rutere gentry - Edward Iosifovicha Dzerzhinsky ejere onye nkụzi nke obodo akwụkwọ. Aha nke Soviet Commissioner - Felix - Latin sụgharịta ka "obi ụtọ." Na e nyere nwa maka eziokwu na nne ya, na-ada n'ihi na a ụbọchị ole na ole tupu a mụọ emezighị emeghe okpuru ulo, ọ bụghị nanị na-agbaji ya, ma na-bụ ike ichebe nwa ya mmerụ ahụ.

Dzerzhinsk ezinụlọ ya biri a bara ọgaranya ndụ. Ozugbo 1882 na onyeisi ezinụlọ ụkwara nta gburu, nne nwere na-otu-handedly welite ụmụ itoolu, ndị tọchara onye n'oge ahụ afọ iri na abụọ, na-ntà - dị nnọọ a afọ na ọkara.

N'agbanyeghị ike a nile, Feliks Edmundovich nwere ohere na-amụ na Lithuanian akwụkwọ, ebe na 1895, zutere na ndị nnọchiteanya nke na Social Democratic ije, ma sonyere ọzọ. Banyere ọzụzụ nke ịdị uchu, na dịkọrọ ndụ inyocha ihe ọmụma nke nwa okorobịa dị ka mediocre. Ya mere, site na akwụkwọ na Dzerzhinsky nọrọ ugboro abụọ na mbụ na klas na ike ịrụcha ọzụzụ, o nwetara naanị a akwụkwọ nke ẹkụre nke asatọ ọkwa. Site n'ụzọ, Russian na Grik, o nwere unsatisfactory akara.

Otú ọ dị, ọdịda akwụkwọ anaghị egbochi a ọma na nzuzo ọrụ. Dzerzhinsky na 1896, na-na-arụsi nduhie n'etiti ndị ọrụ nkà na factory ọrụ, n'ihi na nke ọ na-ugboro ugboro ikpe ma ikpe ọrụ ike, na njikọ. Ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Dzerzhinsky na-akwadebe maka October mgbanwe, haziri nke mbụ detachments nke Red Nche na Moscow, na-ewere akụkụ dị na nzukọ nke ndị ọzọ. Mgbe mgbanwe were mkpa ọnọdụ ke Soviet ọchịchị, ghọrọ isi nke detachments Commissariats (Ndị mmadụ Commissariat - Central ikike na Union mba) na ntọala Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission maka iti Counter-mgbanwe na sabotaji).

Nwụrụ Anwụ Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky nke a nkụchi obi mere site n'ahụ, n'oge a okwu na Central Kọmitii nzukọ, July 20, 1926.

State ọrụ

Ọkwa ọchịchị ọnọdụ ke ọhụrụ kpụrụ agha gọọmenti, Dzerzhinsky mepụtara niile ahụ feverish ọrụ na-bụ-ahụkarị n'oge revolutionary ala-eme. Ọgụgụ Iron Felix ka controversial na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na e guzobere na nzukọ nke Soviet Union. Na a ụbọchị na-akpata a otutu esemokwu.

Ịbụ họpụtara ka post of isi nke Cheka, Feliks Edmundovich eguzobewo onwe ya dị ka a siri ike na obi ọjọọ ndú ndị obi ịta mmiri na-ebibi ọ bụla iji nnupụisi. Ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị ya na Cheka bụ akụkụ nke mgbe nile na-eme nke iwu nke oké ụjọ. Ọ dịghị ukem ini na na Cheka ọrụ ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị na West ga na-ekwurịta okwu ndị kasị jogburu asịrị na omimi.

Dzerzhinsky eche na na mgba megide counter-mgbanwe kwere ọ bụla jikoro gụnyere uka oké ụjọ. Ọ na-otoro na ama nkwupụta na repressionnaya iwu Cheka dị oké mkpa na ọ dị mkpa, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na "ọ na-akawanye na mberede mma-agha na ndị isi nke ndị ọcha." Ọ na-emegide ihe mgbochi gị n'ụlọnga ike, n'ihu ọha kwalitere maka ojiji nke kacha njọ ihe megide ndị nnupụisi.

N'otu oge oké "Chekist" aha a na-ejikọta ya na ihe okike na-eme. Ya mere, mgbe ndị na October mgbanwe na n'okporo ámá ọ bụ banyere nde ise-enweghị ebe obibi, na ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Dzerzhinsky ebi ebi malitere ịdị ruo nwa oge njide, na ụmụ mgbei na ụmụ ufọk, ebe ụmụ-enweta niile dị mkpa aka ma na-nwere ohere ịmụta. N'ime ihe ndị mbụ kwabatara nke ndị dị otú ahụ oru - asatọ mbụ n'okporo ámá ụmụaka bụ onye ghọrọ academician nke USSR, na otu onye n'ime ha - Nikolay Petrovich Dubin - enye osụhọde n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka a ma ama n'ụwa nile Mkpụrụ Ndụ Ihe Nketa.

Ọzọ party ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dzerzhinsk bụ ya-arụsi ọrụ na-ekere òkè egwuregwu ndụ nke mba. N'ịghọta na ike ngalaba mkpara nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị ezi mma larịị, ọ na-emepụta a DSO "machini", nke taa bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu na egwuregwu ọha mmadụ nke Russia.

Feliks Edmundovich wee akụkụ ke mmepe nke ala. The Supreme Economic Council, ọ na-etinye aka na mmepe nke obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ onwe ahia, m na-agbalị ike mma ọnọdụ maka mmepe nke obodo ahịa, na-achọ ụzọ isi na-belata na-eri nke mmepụta.

Dị ka a revolutionary pro-ifịk ifịk akwado atumatu nke mba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta. N'okpuru iwu ya isi, na-egosi edo Metallurgical mgbagwoju aghọwo otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị elu na ụwa. N'otu oge Dzerzhinsky katọrọ ndị ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ ka a hụrụ a isi njehie ịta nke anya na agha dara. Na-enwe nkwekọrịta na yiri aku atumatu o ugboro ugboro jụrụ arụkwaghịm.

Dzerzhinsky na art

The oyiyi nke anwụ anwụ Iron Filiks na-eji edemede na filmmakers. statesman image chọrọ mma maka ozi stampụ. Ya na-eme na-ẹkwọ na amaokwu site Soviet dere na Chants Soviet ndị ọsụ ụzọ, na ya akara a gwara na a dịgasị iche iche nke bibliographic Roma. Ke adianade do, e nwere ihe autobiography dere Dzerzhinsky dị iche iche afọ, nakwa dị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ a ga-ebibi ndị mba nche nke mba. Baịbụl doro nnọọ anya Eserese nke revolutionary dị na edemede ọrụ, memoirs na ya dịkọrọ ndụ.

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union, aha nke "oké egwu" ma hapụrụ echefu. N'oge perestroika afọ akụkọ nke otu onye akụkọ nke infallibility nke ndị ibe nke ndị dike nke mgbanwe mechaa n'ime udi nke akụkọ banyere obi ọjọọ omempụ na-eyi ọha egwu.

N'ụwa taa arụmụka banyere nzube nke Dzerzhinsky atụmatụ na ihe mere eme nke Soviet Union na-adịghị ahụ talatara, na onyinyo ya na-aga n'ihu kpalie dịkọrọ ndụ na-ede uri na ndị dere. Ya mere aha Felix dị na ọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ìgwè ndị agha dị ka "Liapis Trubetskoy" na "Aquarium".

Settlements, aha ya bụ mgbe Dzerzhinsky

Mgbe ọnwụ nke aha F. E. Dzerzhinskogo e kenyere ya a dịgasị iche iche nke n'obodo na obodo nta dị iche iche mba nke Soviet Union. Na nsọpụrụ nke ya na-akpọ mahadum, n'ámá, ubi na n'ogige ntụrụndụ, agha nkeji, ụlọ mmepụta ihe na ụgbọ mmiri. Aha Iron Felix e kenyere n'okporo ámá na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Mara dị ka onyeisi ndị nche na-asọpụrụ na-akpakọrịta nke mgbanwe na-a-eguzosi ike n'ihe enyi na onye otu Lenin.

Na Russia taa, e nwere ihe karịrị iri na abụọ na obodo ntà kpọkwasịrị aha Dzerzhinsky, Ọzọkwa, na Nizhny Novgorod na Moscow na mpaghara nwere otu aha obodo: Dzerzhinsk na Dzerzhinsk.

Na abụọ bụbu mba Soviet - Ukraine na Belarus - na-na-emi odude banyere iri anọ dị iche iche na obodo nta na obodo nta, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọtụtụ isi obodo, aha ya bụ mgbe ama revolutionary. Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union ya nọ na-ewere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbalị nyegharịa ma ọ bụ laghachi mbụ aha niile, ma ihe na-emeghe mkparịta ụka na a ole na ole votes ọ na-adịghị akpali.

ala atụmatụ

Ke adianade n'obodo na obodo nta, na ọ bụ aha nke Dzerzhinsky na a dịgasị iche iche nke ala atụmatụ. N'ihi ya, kasị elu mgbe na ókèala nke oge a na Belarus na-atụle ga a ugwu nke Dzerzhinsky. Na na Pamirs (ugwu dị na Central Asia na nkwụsị nke Tajikistan, China, Afghanistan na India), n'elu nke riiji Zaalay akpọ Dzerzhinsky elu.

Ncheta na ókèala nke Russian Federation

Ncheta na busts ewepụtara ebe nchekwa nke oké ndú nke mgbanwe, e nwere ọtụtụ obodo na Russia na ụfọdụ CIS mba. Ya mere, otu n'ime ndị kasị ama ncheta Dzerzhinsky atụle Volgograd, bụ nke e guzobere ozugbo mgbe ọnwụ nke Feliksa Edmundovicha. Kwesịrị ịdị, dị n'obodo ahụ, aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke statesman, e nwere ihe ncheta Dzerzhinsky Square. Ọbụna a pun amama: Dzerzhinsk on Dzerzhinsky Dzerzhinsky ncheta ila. Samara nwekwara ihe onwe onye ya isi nke Cheka, mee ka o na forecourt nke obodo. Ọzọ ncheta na mgbidi a wụrụ awụ na-dị na Izhevsk, Ufa, Donetsk, Barnaul, Astrakhan na Penza.

Akpan akpan ntị ga-kwuru ncheta, emi odude ke obio nke Dzerzhinsk. The eziokwu na e dịbu otu n'ime communes, kere karịsịa na-eto eto enweghị ebe obibi. Na-asụ asụsụ ala nke agụmakwụkwọ njikọ, nke ekemende jisiri "tiekwa mkpu na ndị mmadụ," ma na-etinye na ha onwe ha ego mbụ, mgbe a plaster, a ncheta ama revolutionary. Ọ we guzo unchallenged n'obodo square nri n'ihu red mmekota, otu ugboro mbụ ụlọ nke obodo obibi ndị mọnk. Otú ọ dị, plaster - ọ bụghị a nnọọ inogide ihe onwunwe, na Ya mere ọdịda nke 2004 ncheta akpatre dara. Mgbe obodo ochichi e kpebiri iji weghachi ncheta, ma ugbu a ọ na-ọla.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na, na iche na ncheta nke otu Lenin, Dzerzhinsky ncheta ke ọ bụla obodo dị iche. Na-agbanwe agbanwe bụghị naanị uwe, ọnọdụ nke aka na isi nke Iron Felix, ma, ọbụna revolutionary afọ bụ dị iche iche. Nke a pụrụ iche maka Soviet akwụkwọ nke ọkpụkpụ feature nwere ike mere site na mgbalị iji gosipụta dị iche iche àgwà na oge Dzerzhinsky ndụ. Mgbe niile, n'ihi na ndị bi na Volgograd Zheleznyy Feliks - nke a bụ ma ama Cheka na NKVD-adịghị anwụ anwụ-isi, na obere nke ya Dzerzhinsk chetara na-asọpụrụ dị ka isi onye enyemaka, hụ a obi ụtọ na gbasaghị nwata ruo ọtụtụ narị Soviet Communards.

Busts na ncheta na ókèala nke CIS mba

The post-Soviet ncheta a statesman zọpụta ụfọdụ ndị. Kasị nke ọkpụkpụ na busts e kagburu na mmalite afọ ndị perestroika. The ngwa ngwa na nke a jikoro e, na-eme kwere na mwepụ nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky nwere a amanyere bụ iwu nke ememe na dị oké mkpa ka ntughari nke oge nke "anụ" ikeketeorie.

N'agbanyeghị a usoro nke riots na ụfọdụ obodo ka na-na-banyere ịdị adị nke Feliksa Edmundovicha. Ndị dị otú ahụ "ihe ncheta" nwere ike dị na ọha na eze ubi na ogige ntụrụndụ Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Republic of Transnistria, Kyrgyzstan.

Rịba ama na na mba ndị a na-ncheta Dzerzhinsky anaghị anọchi anya ọ bụla omenala uru. Ma ọ dịghị onye na-achọ tufuo ha. Mgbe niile, ọ bụ ka akụkụ nke anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme.

The demolition nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky na Moscow

Na ugbu a ndị kasị mkpa ncheta. Ncheta Dzerzhinsky na Moscow, e guzobere na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe fọrọ nke nta omimi ebe - Lubyanka Square. Ọ dị ihe n'ihu ụlọ ebe dị iche iche afọ ndị Central itieutom nke nche agha, ndị KGB, na MGB, NKVD, NKGB na OGPU. Taa, na otu ebe ọ bụ Russian FSB. The ọkpụkpụ e kere site na iji nke ọzọ na Stalin onye iwu na-oru ngo ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ncheta e mara n'oge ọkpụ Evgeniem Vuchetichem.

The ọkpụkpụ bụ ya ka o ruuru ịbụ ebe ruo 1991 kuu , mgbe iwe na iwe ìgwè mmadụ nkịtị ekpochapụ "satrap na ọchịchị aka ike" na ya kwesịrị ịchị elu. Na ihe ikuku nke mgbe nile na-erughị ala na ezighị awakpo demolition nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky o yiri onye kasị nta n'ime nsogbu ọchịchị ọhụrụ. O nwere ezu nsogbu na-enweghị ya.

Ya mere, mgbe bibie ncheta Dzerzhinsky ka Lubyanka Square, onwe ya ihe ncheta nanị wepụrụ na-agafere a park ebe. Mgbe niile obi ụtọ ndị a na-mgbanwe site na otu usoro ọchịchị ọzọ, dajụrụ, ya tụgharịa na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na nke Moscow na-adịghị na ikwu na ncheta nke dum nke ochie ịkpọasị, nke a na-otú ọtụtụ ebe na telivishọn ákwà na "agbapụtara" si peeji nke Russian na Western akwụkwọ akụkọ. Banyere ihe ncheta ya, banyere ọrụ nke àgwà ndị mere niile nke a na mberede na-echefu ...

The n'ihu akara aka nke ncheta

Ka kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ, mgbe niile coups ncheta Dzerzhinsky on Lubyanka Square a kagburu iwu ma kwaga a obere ma ama ebe, ya bụ na Moscow Art Park. A ga nwere ya na-ebili na njedebe nke oge, ma ọha na eze, "kpaliri" azụ na 2013 na mere a ọhụrụ amaghị. Ma demolition nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky na Moscow yiri ihe fọrọ nke nta kasị obi na omume nzuzu niile oge ukpụhọde.

Ndị Russia siri ọnwụ na eziokwu na, n'agbanyeghị ihe ndị a ma ama Soviet ndú, ichefu banyere ya ọrụ ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba agaghị ekwe omume. Dị ka ihe nke uche ntuli kpughere na ihe dị ka ọkara nke isi obodo nke ndị bi na kwalitere maka a ncheta Dzerzhinsky na Moscow e weghachiri eweghachi. N'ihu ọha megide dị otú ahụ n'uche kwalitere a ngụkọta nke ihe iri abụọ na itoolu percent nke ndị zaghachirinụ, na kasị obi ụtọ abụghị nke ukwuu kwesịrị re-erection nke ncheta, dị ka ndị na-eri a na ime.

Otú ọ dị, na nloghachi nke ncheta Dzerzhinsky ka ẹkenịmde ke 2014, ama mgbe ncheta ọbọhọ ọtụtụ ugboro dismantling ịgbasochi ntaghari ohuru. Vozvrasheniya ncheta ya kwesịrị ịchị ebe ahụ raara nye 137th ncheta nke Feliksa Edmundovicha. N'ihi ya, akụkọ ihe mere eme ikpe ziri ezi na-enwe mmeri, wee ya mbụ anya na Lubyanka Square. Dzerzhinsky ncheta azụ ya n'ọnọdụ kwesịrị.

Expert echiche: na votes maka na imegide

N'oge mgbe a na na Russian Public Mkpebi Research Center mụụrụ a nnyocha e mere na nke ndị bi banyere ma ha chọrọ iji weghachi ncheta Dzerzhinsky, ihe ndị ọzọ nyochaa ma uche nke Russia banyere àgwà nke a revolutionary.

Ọ tụgharịrị na ihe ka ọtụtụ ndị zaghachirinụ (banyere iri asaa na itoolu percent) nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-eme ihe nke Iron Felix maara mma banyere ya na omume ya na nke a kwughachiri iri anọ na asaa percent nke ndị zaghachirinụ. Na nke a, ọ bụla atọ Russian kwupụtara echiche na, n'agbanyeghị nghọtahie n'elu ụzọ mee, ọrụ nke ndị a ma ama Chekist reputable. Iri-na-isii percent nke ndị zaghachirinụ kwuru na ncheta Dzerzhinsky Square ga-abụ, n'agbanyeghị na ha na-eche na ikwu onye a ọ bụla mmetụta siri ike. Chịkọta niile n'elu, anyị nwere ike iburu n'obi na dum oge a ọha mmadụ na-melite na mmekọrita a n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-anọpụ iche-nke ziri ezi.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị na ncheta Dzerzhinsky on Lubyanka azụ n'ime ebe, na e nwere ndị ọkachamara na echiche maka nke a mberede mgbanwe nke na-emegide.

Ya mere, ihe atụ, na-ezighị ezi uche kwupụtara a ejechi akwụkwọ nta akụkọ Konstantin Eggert. O kwenyere na ndị dị otú ahụ ukpono na ncheta Dzerzhinsky ekwesịghị. A echiche yiri nke ahụ na-akọrọ ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke dịkọrọ ndụ ụbụrụ na-aghọ. Dị ka ha, na ncheta, nakwa dị ka Lenin si Mausoleum na Red Square - a relic nke gara aga oge, nke mere efu kpam-erughịrị mmadụ anọgide na ndụ nke oge a Russia. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ndị na ọ bụ onye wetara chọpụtara nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ncheta ndị ahụ tara nke NKVD ada na onyeisi ha tormentor e setịpụrụ (ma ọ bụ tọgharịa) na etiti oge nke ọtụtụ ọnwa. Nke a "duality", dị ka ọtụtụ,-n'ókè site duplicity. Na ọ dịghị ezi ihe na-eme ka ọha na eze nwere ike ọ bụghị.

N'aka nke ọzọ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkachamara, onye nabatara na nloghachi nke ncheta ya mbụ na ọnọdụ, na-achọpụta na ọ dị mkpa nke mbụ niile iji hụ na otu anaghị echefu banyere ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ya nketa. Ịhapụ ata eziokwu, ha kwere, ga-eduga a ugboro ugboro nke mejọrọ n'oge gara aga.