Tectonic Ọdịdị. Ndị mbụ tectonic Ọdịdị

Tectonic Ọdịdị - a nnukwu ebe nke siri ike elu shei nke mbara ala. Ha na-ejedebeghị site miri mmejọ. Movement na Ọdịdị nke jikọrọ ọnụ na-amụ ke kpuchie nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọzụzụ dị ka tectonics.

Isi

Tectonic Ọdịdị nyochaworo eji obodo nkewa, Geophysical ụzọ (seismic, akpan akpan) nakwa dị ka egwu. The ọmụmụ ndị a ebe a rụrụ dị na anabatara nhazi ọkwa. Explores na geology ọkara na obere udi size nke banyere 10 km na cross ngalaba, tectonics - guzobere nnukwu, ihe karịrị 100 km. The mbụ a na-akpọ dislocations nke dị iche iche (discontinuous, injective na otú pụta.). Nke abụọ otu ezo synclinoria na anticlinoria na apịaji ebe aulacogens, syncline, anticline n'ime efere, ọta, perikratornyh subsidence. Nke a na udi na-agụnye mmiri n'okpuru osimiri n'ezinụlọ na-arụsi ọrụ continental n'akụkụ peeji, n'elu ikpo okwu, geosynclinal belt, oké osimiri, orogenes, ufọt ufọt osimiri ridges, rifts, na na. Ndị a kasị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ tectonic owuwu kpuchie ike shei na-akpọ lithosphere na nke miri emi.

nhazi ọkwa

Superglobals ochie tectonic Ọdịdị iru ọtụtụ nde square mita. km na ebe na ọtụtụ puku kilomita nke ogologo ya. Ha na ofụri geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa ogbo. Global tectonic Ọdịdị - a guzobere na-elu 10 nde sq. km. Ha ogologo esịmde ọtụtụ puku kilomita. Na oge nke ịdị adị ha bụ agbanwe agbanwe na gara aga plots. Nyere Anyị nwere nwekwara subglobal tectonic Ọdịdị nke jikọrọ ọnụ. Ha ogide ebe ọtụtụ nde square mita. km na erukwa ruo ọtụtụ puku kilomita. Oge nke ha mmepe - karịrị 1 ijeri afọ.

Main tectonic Ọdịdị

Dabere ịdị n'otu Ndahie ikwu monolithic dịpụrụ adịpụ lithospheric efere. Iji ụbọchị, ndị kasị mara 7 11-13 nta plots. Ihe mbụ na-agụnye Yurop, North na South America, Africa, Indo-Australia, Pacific, Antarctic tectonic Ọdịdị. N'ihi nta entities gụnyere Philippine, willow, Caribbean efere, aki oyibo, na otú pụta Nazca.

gbajiri guzobere

Ndị a tectonic Ọdịdị iche lithospheric efere. N'etiti ha, nke mbụ iche rifts. Ha na-ekewa n'ime continental na ufọt ufọt osimiri. Adịbeghị anya n'ụdị a zuru ụwa ọnụ usoro, ogologo nke bụ ihe karịrị 64 puku. Km. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ na saịtị nwere ike ije ozi East African (ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa), Baikalsky. Ọzọ ụdị kpatara owuwu bụ ịgbanwe saịtị ịtụle rifts perpendicular. Na ha edoghi aga kwụ mgbanwe ebe nke lithospheric efere, n'akụkụ ha.

n'elu ikpo okwu

Ha na-nwayọọ na-aga isiike crustal blocks. Na saịtị ndị a anọwo na zuru ezu ogologo-adọ nke development. Nyiwe dị iche atọ-tiered Ọdịdị. Ha crystal Ọdịdị bụ ugbu ntọala nke na-kpụrụ basalt na konkiri-gneiss n'ígwé. N'elu ikpo okwu dịpụrụ adịpụ sedimentary cover. Crystalline ntọala n'ígwé kpụrụ metamorphic nkume, na crumpled folds. All nke a bụ ihe siri ike inwere site na ọkpụrụkpụ nke Ekwochapụrụ intrusion (ukwuu n'ime acidic na-enwe nkezi mejupụtara). Dabere na afọ e guzobere na ntọala ahụ, n'elu ikpo okwu na-ekewa-eto eto na oge ochie tectonic owuwu. The ikpeazụ-eme omume dị ka ntọala nke na-enye, na-ewere ha centerpiece. Nta mmụta enịm na ha mpụta. Na sedimentary cover n'ígwé nwere predominantly nedislotsirovannye laguunu, offshore na na obere okwu continental ọdịda.

Ogwe na efere

Ndị a na ụdị tectonic owuwu na-nkewa dị ka kpọmkwem nke geological Ọdịdị. Shield na-akpọ n'elu ikpo okwu òkè nke mmadụ hiwere dị n'elu, i.e. ha enweghị sedimenti. Na enyemaka ogwe-ọkọnọ, dị ka a na-achị, dị larịị nakwa n'ugwu nta. Efere bụ nyiwe ma ọ bụ ha na ngalaba, atụmatụ a dị ike sedimentary oyi akwa. Ha guzobere na-kpatara subsidence na mmiri njehie. The ọdịdị ala nke efere òkè n'ozuzu-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi di ala ala na upland.

anteclise

Ha na-anọchi anya ndị kasị ibu nke oma guzobere efere òkè. The n'elu bụ convex bases. The sedimentary cover na-adịghị ji nnukwu ike. Formation anteclises rụrụ dị ka a n'ihi nke tectonic mbuli-elu ebe. Na nke a, ọtụtụ horizons ugbu ke n'akụkụ na-adịghị mma ebe nwere ike gaghị achọpụtara na ha.

Arrays na projections

Ha na-na mpaghara owuwu anteclises. Arrays na-anọchi anya ya elu akụkụ nke ha. Ha bụ ntọala ma ọ bụ na elu elu, ma ọ bụ na-kpuchie site sedimentary formations nke Quaternary. Atụmatụ na-akpọ nke arrays. Ha na-anọchi anya ya elongated ma ọ bụ isometric n'okpuru ala highs, na-eru a dayameta nke 100 km. Ego na-na-eli projections. N'elu ha, sedimentary cover na-anọchi anya na ụdị ukwuu belata ọnwụ.

syneclise

Ha na-na-ezighị ezi kasị ibu-mpaghara owuwu nke efere owuwu. Ha ala bụ concave ntọala. Ha na-ji a ewepụghị ike na nnọọ na-emighị emi akụkụ nke itinye on mkpọda. Syncline kpụrụ akpụ site na subsidence ebe. Na nke a, ha sedimentary cover elu ike dị iche iche.

monocline

Ndị a owuwu dị iche tectonic formations mkpọda kwadoro. Ha n'akuku nke omume bụ adịkarịghị karịa 1 ogo. Dabere na n'usoro nke oma ma na-adịghị mma owuwu, bụ nke dị n'agbata ókè-ala-Monocline ya na udi nwekwara ike ịbụ dị iche iche. Regional formations nke sedimentary cover mmasị grabens, a ole na ole, na sadulu. Adịbeghị anya ogide onye n'etiti itie ke elu nke elu. Sadulu positioned n'elu ọjọọ owuwu ndị gbara ha gburugburu, ma obere mma.

orogen

Ha na-ji a nkọ abawanye na ọkpụrụkpụ nke jikọrọ ọnụ. Mountain-apịaji na mpaghara na-guzobere na convergence nke lithospheric ebe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha, karịsịa ndị na-eto eto, na-ji elu seismicity. Dị ka a ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke nhazi ọkwa nke ugwu-apịaji n'ógbè nke afọ na-eje ozi na ya. Ọ arụnyere na-ntà crumpled strata. Mountain àmà na-kewara, ya mere na:

1. Baikal.
2. Hercynian.
3. Caledonia.
4. Alpine.
5. Cimmerian.

Nke a nhazi ọkwa-atụle ga-kama aka ike, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-aghọta continuity nke ịkpakọba.

N'ogige atụrụ-ngọngọ arrays

Ndị a owuwu na-guzobere n'ihi nke revitalization nke kwụ na vetikal tectonic mmegharị n'ime ókè nke mbụ okosobode na mgbe ama ebibi usoro. Banyere nke a, n'ogige atụrụ-ngọngọ Ọdịdị bụ ihe atụ nke Paleozoic na mbụ nkebi mpaghara. Relief arrays, n'ozuzu yiri nhazi nke bends nkume formations. Otú ọ dị, nke a na-bụghị mgbe niile ahụrụ na apịaji-ngọngọ ebe. Ihe atụ, na-eto eto na ugwu-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi anticlinoria owuwu na synclinoria - intermountain anētiye. N'ime apịaji ngalaba, nakwa dị ka ha mpụta na-ekenyela, karị, ihu na elu n'oghere na ndagwurugwu. N'elu ndị a formations na-ndokwa Ntụ fragmental ngwaahịa ịda site mgbaji ọkpụkpụ oké nkume formations - molasses. Foredeep guzobere bụ n'ihi nke subduction nke lithospheric ebe.

Central Russian n'ókèala

Onye ọ bụla isi eke mgbagwoju na-dị ka a otu nnukwu ebe geostructural mpaghara. Ọ nwere ike ịdị a n'elu ikpo okwu ma ọ bụ n'ogige atụrụ usoro nke a akpan akpan geologic afọ. Onye ọ bụla kwadoro nwere a kwekọrọ ekwekọ okwu na enyemaka. Ha niile bụ ndị dị iche iche Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe, osbenno ala cover. The mmasị bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi tectonic Ọdịdị Ural. Na ugbu obodo ya bụ meganticlinorium, nke ndị mejupụtara ọtụtụ anticlinoria elongated meridional na iche synclinoria. Ikpeazụ egwuregwu longitudinal ndagwurugwu, akpa - ridges. Key Uraltausky anticline-agba site na niile ọzụzụ. Dị ka mejupụtara nke Riphean ego ya nwere ike kwubiri na e nwere onye na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ subsidence n'oge ha ìgwè. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-ugboro ugboro dochie mkpụmkpụ-okwu mbuli-elu. Site na njedebe nke Riphean sitere Baikal apịaji. Malitere azụ, mgbalị na Cambrian. N'oge a, ọ fọrọ nke nta niile n'ókèala ghọọ ala akọrọ. Nke a na-egosi site na dị nnọọ ụkọ nkesa nke sediments, nke na-anọchi anya green schists Lower Cambrian guzobere, marble na quartzite. Tectonic Ọdịdị nke Ural ke ala EBIONITISM otú dechara ya shaping Baikalian ịkpakọba. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ kpụrụ ebe ndị ọzọ karịa ndị nke putara na a gasịrị oge. Ha nọgidere na-akụziri ntọala Timan-Pechora oke n'ime East European n'elu ikpo okwu.

Siberia tectonic Ọdịdị: Aldanskoye Highlands

Education na mpaghara ebe a na-ekewet nke prehistoric Proterozoic gneisses na schists. Ha bụ ndị nke Precambrian nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-kwuru banyere ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ na-nwere tectonic Ọdịdị. Aldan Plateau mepụtara maka meso-Cenozoic mere n'agbata ndịda ebe nke North Baikal na n'elu ikpo okwu. N'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke crystalline n'okpuru ala nkume na-elu. Ha na-anọchi anya ezi-na-grained granites, oge ochie quartzite, marbles na gneisses. On ugwu ná mkpọda e bụ otu ebe ntọala ụgha na a omimi nke 1.5 km. Ya nkume na-intruded site granitic intrusions ke iche nkebi nke geological development.

European akụkụ

Ebe a mmasị ugwu Khibiny. Tectonic Ọdịdị na-dissected denudation elu na mbara ọzara. Ha ogide ebe nke Kola Peninsula na Karelia. Kpụrụ ugwu Khibiny tectonic Ọdịdị sitere n'ụdị intrusions na dislocations. Ha kpebisiri ike teren. Alkaline n'usoro ebe na-anọchi anya otu nke mgbagwoju multiphase intrusions. Ọ bụ dị ókè gneyskogo Archaean na Proterozoic formations Formation Varzuga-Imandra na transverse mgbaji ọkpụkpụ mpaghara isi nke-agabiga akara p. Cola - p. Niva.