The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "KamAZ": akpali eziokwu

Gwongworo "Kamaz" - nke a bụ ezigbo nna ukwu nke okporo ụzọ nile na ókèala ndị bụbu Soviet Union. Ha na-enyere na-ewu na ịzụlite a nnukwu ma dị ike na mba. Ndị a gwongworo ọ bụla ịrịba ama - ha maara ma ụmụaka ma ndị okenye. Na eleghị anya na nwa ọ bụla ga-nrọ ụgbọala a ụgbọala. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "KAMAZ" - bụ akụkọ nke mbara ala. Ugbu a na-agbalị ịgwa ya.

The nwe nke ụzọ

Dị ka e kwuworo, "KamAZ" gwongworo aghọwo a ezigbo ihe nnọchianya nke fọrọ nke nta niile anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ ụgbọala. "Kamaz" - na ọ bụ ihe uncharacteristic maka anụ ụlọ na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ, mgbe nile gwongworo a ika tupu, na ugbu a dị oké njọ asọmpi na-adịghị obere ike mba ọzọ analogues site technical àgwà, ha pụrụ ịdabere na arụmọrụ, na a pụrụ iche a haziri. Ke adianade do, ndị a arọ igwe na-enwe ike ịnọgide na-enwe a pụrụ iche àgwà. Na mmepụta a na ka na-eji nanị onwe ha anụ ụlọ nmepe (ma e wezụga n'ihi na ụfọdụ ụdị).

The Soviet Union mkpa taa gwongworo

Akụkọ banyere "Kamaz" malitere na ndị na-ewu nke osisi. Na 60s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị Soviet Union wee malite ịkpa ngwa ngwa - n'ụzọ nke mmepe nke niile ọrụ bilie. Na-eto eto na aku na uba, ngwa ngwa na-eto eto na-ewu ụlọ nke niile ụmụ amaala nke USSR. Ọnụ na a olu na-abawanye njem. Mgbe agha, ụgbọala kere, ma ọ na-eme otú ahụ dị nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ, na ẹdude nsoro ezughị. Osisi gbalịrị ike, ma ike agaghị ekpuchi mpe. Na ugbu a, n'elu management na 1969 na-eme ka a mkpebi na mkpa na-ewu a ọhụrụ ụgbọala osisi, nke a ga-kere naanị gwongworo. Site na nke a na malitere a na-adọrọ mmasị akụkọ "KamAZ'a".

Dị ka a mụrụ ibu

Ya mere, na March 14, ndị Central Committee nke CPSU na USSR Council nke Ozi, e kpebiri na ọ dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ ndị na-ewu ọrụ nke mgbagwoju, ebe ga-arọ gwongworo. Site maka owuwu dị Naberezhnye Chelny, na ndị Tatar ASSR. Site n'ụzọ, na obodo a họọrọ bụghị site ohere. Tupu ị na-ahọrọ nke a obere obodo na Kama, ndị ọkachamara na-amụ karịa 70 dị iche iche nhọrọ maka osisi. Abamuru nke Naberezhnye Chelny ndị dị nnọọ doro anya - eziokwu ahụ bụ na obodo na-geographically odude fọrọ nke nta ke ufọt akwa Soviet Union. Ọzọkwa na mpaghara a ya nwere otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu na-ewu "Kamgesenergostroy" ụlọ ọrụ - a niile mere ka o kwe omume ngwa ngwa iru a dam na hydroelectric ike osisi, nke ike bụ n'elu nde mmadụ 1.5 kW / h. ụlọ obibi na residential obibi maka ọdịnihu ọrụ nke osisi, site na nke akụkọ nke "KamAZ" ga ngwa ngwa wuru.

mwube malitere

Civil ọrụ ada ọnụ ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche specialties si n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke Soviet Union, na-anọchite anya 70 mba. Karịa 2,000 dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ, niile Main Kọmitii nke State lọjistik Committee nke Soviet Union, na ngalaba dị iche iche na ministri mezuo iwu ka ndị na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe na akụrụngwa. Ụbọchị ọ bụla na-ewu ihe owuwu n'ọrụ karịa 100,000 ndị mmadụ. N'ọdịnihu osisi e nyere n'oge kacha elu na nkà na ụzụ na ngwá na ọ bụghị naanị na anụ ụlọ, ma mba ọzọ mmepụta. Butekwara ebu site dị otú ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka "Swindell-Dressler," "Tata", "Renault", "Sandvik", "Hitachi" na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. The osisi e wuru na a mụrụ dị na iferi ala - n'etiti inyefe ubi. N'ihi na larịị mkpumkpu teren, na-ewu ụlọ otsypali na wepụtara ọtụtụ nde cubic mita ala. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "KAMAZ" na-aga n'ihu, na ugbu a September 26, 1969 na Minister nke akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ nke USSR Tarasov bịanyere aka a iwu nke osisi na-aha - Kama Automobile Plant. Ke mbubreyo September, a họpụtara ya CEO nke Kama osisi - a osote onye na-eje ozi nke akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ L. B. Vasilev. Ọzọkwa, e guzobere general nduzi amalite September na Moscow, Ọrụ Nchịkwa na ị nweta. Ebe ọ bụ na November mmepụta ihe na-abịa ìgwè mbụ nke ewu na-arụ ọrụ. December 13 excavator Mikhail Noskov lepụrụ mbụ ịwụ ala na-ewu ihe owuwu nke mbụ ihe - a bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a ụbọchị a na-ewere na ukara amalite nke ndị na-ewu nke Kama osisi. The mgbagwoju nwere na-a nnukwu ebe nke 22 km ^2.

mmepe nke akụrụngwa

Ọnụ na-ewu nke mgbagwoju na USSR ilebara anụ ụlọ na anyị na nsogbu. N'ihi "KAMAZ" ọtụtụ narị puku ndị mmadụ na-enwe ike ịhapụ huts na ụlọ na anyị na ụlọ, ebe ha nwere ịdị ndụ. The factory nyere ndị a nile ala ụlọ, oge a n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na kindergartens, mahadum na ndị ọzọ na agụmakwụkwọ njikọ. Ha wee malite ịpụta na omenala, egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọgwụ na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ekele osisi na Kama kere a dị ike nnyocha center na mepụtara suburban ugbo mpaghara.

Birth of a akụkọ

Ke ufọt ufọt 60s amụbawo budata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ezigbo okporo ụzọ - ya kwere ndị na-emepụta na ndị injinia na-ekpughe niile uru nke a ụgbọala tagzi n'elu engine. Cabover ụgbọala adị kemgbe '50s - ọ kwere ka anyị jiri ogologo nke ụgbọ ala ọzọ oru oma, nọchiri ihu. Ma Soviet aku na uba a chọrọ bụ naanị a ụgbọala, na echekwa na oru oma, nke nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke gwongworo na okporo ụzọ na obere axial ibu. Ọzọkwa, ụgbọ ala ga-mere maka ojiji ọ bụla ihu igwe zones.

Minavtoproma ọkachamara nwere mụụrụ ọmụmụ na kpebiri na ụgbọala ga aka ibu-erikpu ruo 8 tọn. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-akwadebe ikpu, nwere ihe atọ na-axis, nwere a ịsa dị n'okpuru dizel ike unit. N'ihi na ọ bụla ton nke arọ gua n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe na-erughị 8 horsepower. Na '68 na mmepụta ihe ZIL nwere ịzụlite a dum nso nke arọ-oru dizel ugbo ala na traktọ, na-akwadebe ha maka mmepụta ọ bụla ụgbọala ọhụrụ factory. Na 69, o bipụtara ihe iji na ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ engines na ike nke 200 lita. a. Constructors malitere nmepe ozugbo okokụre na Zil-133. Abroad zụtara dị iche iche n'omume na cabover boneeti ndokwa. Kasị Soviet injinia bịara nụrụ ụtọ na International 220. cabover okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, ala tagzi, ike dizel powerplant fluidly ampilifaya, ise-ọsọ nnyefe na splitter, a oge a na breeki usoro, esi mkpọchi mezhosesovogo - bụ akụkọ nke a ụgbọ ala "KAMAZ".

ZIL-170 - nna nna nke oge a na "KamAZ"

Na May nke '69 e a mbụ ule sample, ndị progenitor nke taa "Kamaz" - ZIL-170. The ule ndị ọma, na mgbe ahụ nyere iwu na-ewu nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Mgbe wuru ulo oru mgbagwoju ke imewe ụlọ ọrụ ZIL-arụ ọrụ na zuru siwing - mepụtara ọhụrụ oge a gwongworo. Na afọ ole na ole anyị jisiri ike banyere 50 dị iche iche prototypes na ha mgbanwe. N'oge ule a ọtụtụ flaws na nsogbu na-mata. Mgbe ahụ, akụkọ nke "KAMAZ" ụgbọala kwagara Moscow, na Dmitrov egosi ebe anwale "Vesta Lada" na ndị ọzọ niile na anụ ụlọ ụgbọala. Mgbe nke a ule, ụfọdụ ụdị development ZIL wee laghachi Yaroslavl. Ule na saịtị na-enyere aka mata niile mehiere. Mgbe niile nsogbu na-edozi, na nzukọ nke ụgbọala guzobere na ụlọ ọrụ nke "KamAZ". The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọ ala gara n'ihu. Gwongworo ndi a nwalere n'ime harshest n'ógbè nke Union, na ụzọ Tallinn - Baku, na-awa nkume Serpukhov.

The mbụ engine

Na May nke '74 na ibuo ogbako kpọkọtara mbụ engine. Ebu jisiri ha guzosie ike, ma nke ahụ bụ nwa oge technology. Ndị a Motors na-arụnyere na mbụ 5320.

ọkpara

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọ ala "KAMAZ" - na-na-emeri na adịkwa, a otutu mgbawa, Eserese na ule. Ya mere, February 16, 1976 na osisi akpọrepu anya mbụ ụgbọala - "KAMAZ" 5320.

Authors

Onye kere "KamAZ"? History echeta injinia si ZIL. Nke a Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, George Fest. Ọ na-ifịk ke mmepe nke mmebe Leo were Samokhin. Kwesịrị ịdị, nke a abụghị dum ndepụta nke ndị na-abuana ke ọmụmụ nke mbụ arọ ibu ugbo ala. Isi mmebe nke osisi - Vladimir Barun.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nke "KAMAZ"

Ugbua na '79 ụlọ ọrụ aghọwo a ezigbo onye ndú n'etiti ụwa ụgbọala Nsukka. Production mpịakọta ndị ahụ karịrị 100 puku akwụkwọ. Na ọ fọrọ nke nta naanị mere mgbe ndị Soviet Union-egburu na Western mba. Site na nke a mgbe ibu "KAMAZ" ugbo ala aghọọla ezi ndú ibu ụgbọ njem na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ. Lineup igwe agụnye dump gwongworo, traktọ, flatbed gwongworo.

"KamAZ": akụkọ ihe mere eme ụdị

Na 76-78-ies na factory arụpụta atọ bụ isi ụdị - a 5320 ụgbọala na a na-ebuli ike nke 8 tọn, na mgbanwe na ndabere nke ya 5511 ewu ụgbọala na a na-ebuli ike nke 10 tọn, ụgbọala traktọ 5410, ya na ikike dị afọ 20 tọn. Next ọ e mepụtara iri ton ụgbọala 53252 na ogologo wheelbase. Mgbe ahụ - dumper maka oru ubi na traktọ, mere maka ụgbọ oloko -. 54112. Ya ikike 33 tọn nke osisi gafere nke abụọ n'aka-elu na '81. Anyị malitere na-emepụta na 6-ton version of 4310. The isi nlereanya a kwadebere maka agha na nzube e onwem na a winch ụgbọ ala. Ọzọkwa dabeere na ihe nlereanya a kere ugbo 43105. Ná mmalite 80-ies nke ọ bụla isi ihe nlereanya na-onwem na n'ihu kọwakwuru Motors ike nke 220 lita. a. na 10-ọsọ gearbox. Site ufọt ufọt 80s osisi akwụ ọzọ rhythmic. Na na '88 nde akpọrepu anya ụgbọala. Ndị a ụgbọala nọ na-ewu ewu, ma ha enweghị ike mpi na mba ọzọ ụdị, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri na-amalite na mmepe nke "KAMAZ" ọgbọ ọhụrụ.

The abụọ emana nke "KamAZ"

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "KamAZ" a na-amalite ná ngwụsị 80s. The abụọ emana Mans ọhụrụ anụ ụlọ ike nkeji na turbocharging. Ma guzosie ike na dị engines na mmiri. N'ụzọ redesigned tagzi - ha ghọrọ ndị ọzọ mfe. Nanị na-eweli elu ụlọ na etinyere ụfọdụ bughi ndozi. August 23, 90 Factory "KamAZ" ghọọ a nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ, na '91 akpọrepu anya a abụọ-axle ụgbọala traktọ 5425MA na US Cummins engine na 325 HP. a. na Finnish ulo si Sisu.

nsogbu

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọala "KAMAZ" osisi mee nke mmeri na mmeri e meriri. Na 90s na mba niile kpaliri ka a ahịa aku na uba, na mba malitere ịpụta dị gwongworo. The osisi nwere oké njọ isi ike na ire, na nke dugara nsogbu. The nsogbu adịghị abịa naanị - na '93 e nwere otu nnukwu ọkụ na engine osisi. Ọ kpataara oké mmebi.

taa

Taa, nsogbu bụ n'elu, na osisi ngwaahịa na ina ọzọ.
Cars na-eji niile ndi nke ewu na ibu njem. A February 15, 2012 abụọ nde "KamAZ" e wepụtara na osisi. History of ígwè ọrụ maka ibu na-ekpuchi a nnukwu oge. Na mmepe nke otu narị otu narị ndị injinia na-emepụta so. Na n'agbanyeghị otú emegbu igwe ndị a maka ergonomics, ma n'oge ahụ ha bụ ndị kasị mma, na nọgidere otú ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ugbu a osisi na-arụsi ọrụ na-ekwenyere ndị na-eduga German injinia si "Mercedes". N'ihi ya, na nkwonkwo mgbalị nke "KAMAZ" jisiri ike a ọhụrụ akara osisi traktọ na ha mgbanwe.