The First World War: isi agha. Marine First World War agha

The First World War - onye nke kasị wụfuo ọbara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ. Agha ahụ malitere n'afọ 1914 na Sarajevo mgbu mmadu. June 28th Archduke Franz Ferdinand e gburu site-eyi ọha egwu, a na-amụrụ si Bosnia. Nke a mere ka ime ihe ike na Europe, ọgụ retracts mba karị. N'ihi nke agha anọ alaeze ukwu na-ehichapu si ihu nke ụwa, gburu 10 nde ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche, onye emeruru aru ise ugboro ọzọ. Mass na obi tara mmiri ndị mmadụ na-echeta First World War. Isi agha nke European "grinder" na taa na-egbu ya akporo na ogo.

Tannenbergskaya ọrụ

N'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ na-akpọ Agha nke Grunwald. N'oge a agha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Prussia kwetara Russian agha, ndị mbụ na nke abụọ agha, na nke e nwere 250 puku ndị agha, na German agha ọtụtụ 200,000 agha.

Ịnọgide Ise-okwu na enweghị nchikota n'ime ndị agha Russia mere ka na dum nkewa e tiwara merụsịrị ka azụ. N'ihi ya, na-egbu ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị agha. Weere na Russian n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ oké ọchịchọ: 150-200 puku, nke mere ihe fọrọ nke nta 2/3 nke ngụkọta ego dabeere na ebe nke ndị agha. Germany efu 50,000 nke na-achị, onye lụrụ ọgụ n'okpuru ya ọkọlọtọ.

Russian agha Tannenbergskoy ọrụ okpu. Na nke a emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị Germany na-enwe ike nyefee ka Western Front ịrịba reinforcements. N'otu oge ahụ ngwa ngwa tupu nke Russian agha si Germany bee allies nke Austria na Hungarian agha. Ịnata dịghị enyemaka si Prussia, ha na-efu ọzọ dị mkpa agha, Galician, bụ nke na-ama ama maka First World War. Main agha na-agụnye agha na ha ọbara ndepụta.

agha nke Galicia

Ọ mere na okpomọkụ, na August 1914. The isi ogbo dara na nke mbụ nke a ọnwa. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme archival ndia, Russian na Austria na Hungarian agha bịara ọnụ ke hà nọmba: si n'akụkụ abụọ wee akụkụ ke agha nke 4 Army.

Isi agha nke Agha Ụwa nke m na-dịpụrụ adịpụ na ndị a na-alụ ọgụ, nke weere ọnọdụ nso Lviv, Galic na Lublin, na Ukraine-Polish ókèala. The eke nke Galician agha e akara mgbe Russian Tarnavka nso mebiri na malitere na-enwe ọganihu. Nke a nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na n'ezie ihe omume ma na-ha opi kaadị iji nweta chọsiri ike inweta mmeri.

site Galician agha weere na Austria na Hungarian Alaeze Ukwu bụ nnukwu: 325.000 agha. Ọ bụ onye nke atọ nke Alaeze Ukwu agha na Eastern Front. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ịkpali a mmeri e chere na agha edinam. Ọ na-enweghị na-ebili mgbe ndinuak igbu, na na ekele na-enyemaka nke ndị Germany na ndibọhọ a njuaka obere ọma.

Sarykamysh agha

Na-ekwu okwu banyere isi agha nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya (ka-akpọ ya tupu mmalite nke World War II), ọ bụghị banyere, na a na ime. Ọ mpi Russia na Turkey na Iv nke ọhụrụ 1915. Ezie na Turkish iwu e-emepe emepe a aghụghọ atụmatụ: ẹkemụm Karas kpam-ebibi ndị agha nke Caucasus.

Mpekere onwa agha na-abịanụ. Russian na-gbara ya gburugburu na Sarikamis, ma ha nọgidere na-jide isi agha nke ndị iro na-egbochi ya na-enwe ọganihu. Agba nkịtị na a nwayọọ idụhe, na-emegide ha guzosighịkwa ndị ọjọọ oyi. Si na oké frosts na snow oké ifufe na naanị otu ụbọchị gburu iri puku kwuru iri puku nke Turkish agha.

Russian n'oge a chere, na mkpebi ziri ezi. N'oge na-adịghị Sarykamysh reinforcements bịara, na mpekere onwa e meriri ndị agha. Na ngụkọta, a na ime gburu banyere 100 puku ndị mmadụ. Nnukwu agha nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na-enye nke a agha, ebe ọ na-egwuri otu ihe dị mkpa usoro ọrụ: ọnọdụ na Caucasus e Nọsi'ike, na ike ịkwụsị Russian ilu ndorodoro - Turkey.

Brusilov iwe

Isi agha nke Agha Ụwa nke 1, na-enweghị obi ike na-emeri na nkà General Brusilov. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2016 n'okpuru idu ndú ya na Russian wapue na South-Western Front. Austria na Hungarian agha efu ọtụtụ ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche. The ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-egbu - 1.5 nde ndị nwụrụ anwụ.

Russian nwere Bukovina na Galicia. Nke a na-amanye ndị Germany na-ewusi ya ọnọdụ ebe a, site na-eweta na ebe ọzọ agha si Western Front. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Russia si allies ike n'ógbè a, ndị Entente nwekwara beefed Romania, nke kwadoro na Union.

Russian agha na-Agbaghara a otutu dike dike. Na na mba mara ọkwa a ọhụrụ ife nke nchikota ndi mmadu di, na-agba ume newcomers jupụta depleted n'ohu agha. Nke a ịdị gọọmenti aga edemede iwe na obi nkoropụ nke ndị nkịtị. Ndị mmadụ na-agaghị "egbe ala nri", n'ihi na ọ ochie ma ọ bụ na-eto eto na-adịghị chebere Mbụ Agha Ụwa. Main agha show na e nwere ọtụtụ weere si ma Russian na akụkụ nke na-emegide ha.

Kerensky iwe

Na 1917, ndị Bolsheviks kwaturu ọchịchị ndị eze, na Ya mere ga-eme n'ọdịnihu N'ezie nke agha tụziri site na amamihe ihe na mba. Russian iwe malitere na June 1917, ma mgbe ụbọchị abụọ nke nọ n'ọrụ aga n'ihu ha na mberede kwụsịrị. Ndị agha chere na nke a bụ ezuru, ha rụrụ ha ọrụ dị nsọ.

The umu nwekwara jụrụ eguzo n'ihu n'ohu. Nke a dum ọgbaghara na izugbe nnupuisi wee ebe megide backdrop nke mgbe defections, nke triggered mgbanwe. Isi agha nke World War Ahụtụbeghị m ndị dị otú ahụ a uka nke ogbaaghara ma egwu n'etiti ndị agha mkpara.

N'oge a, na-ewere uru ọnọdụ, Germany wakporo ma kewapụrụ ndị Russian akụkụ nke ochie ọnọdụ. Ozugbo a ike ma nwee obi Russian Army kwụsịrị ịdị adị dị ka a haziri ahazi na ike. Germany bụ agaghịkwa atụ egwu ya onye iro na jisiri ike nile asakde iso ese. Russian nwere gbaa Brest udo, ọjọọ na-emenye ihere nke mba anyị.

"Goeben" na "Breslau"

Naval agha nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na-egbu ya n'ike. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke agha ọzọ ndị agha dọọrọ uche bụ Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa maka iga nke ndị agha, karịsịa French. Ruo n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ha agha Mediterranean mmiri, France nwere ibibi German ugbo agha "Goeben" na "Breslau", nke cruised nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Sardinia.

Na August 1914, abụọ German ship chụọ n'ọrụ Algerie ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-aga Constantinople. N'agbanyeghị otú agbalị British agha, ma German mmiri ruru Sea of Marmara. Mgbe n'isonyere Turkish nsoro, "Goeben" na "Breslau" chụọ n'ọrụ na Russian ọnọdụ ke Black Sea. Ọ gbanwere ụzọ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Russia kwuru agha Turkey, mgbe British na French agha malitere mgbochi ndị Dardanelles. Ha chekwara na ọ dị mkpa ka neutralize Austrian allies Germany. Anglo-French nsoro ugboro ugboro gafere Adriatic, na-enwe olileanya duel Austrian ụgbọ mmiri, ma ọ bụghị me chọrọ N'ihi.

Operation "Dardanelles"

Ihe ọzọ bụ isi naval agha, agbatị na oge maka dum afọ 1915. Mkpọsa gụnyere ọdịdọ nke Straits na ọdịda nke Anglo-French ọdịda. Ma na-atụghị anya ọnọdụ ji First World War. Isi agha adịghị mgbe niile na-aga na plan, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọrụ okpu. Nke ahụ bụ ihe mere na usoro plan -akpọ "Dardanelles". N'akụkụ ahụhụ nnukwu losses: na Turkish agha, ihe fọrọ nke nta 200 000 agha merụrụ ahụ, ndị òtù - 150 puku. Ọ nwụrụ anwụ na unan, na efu.

Na May, na Entente sonyeere Italy. N'otu oge ahụ, German submarines ndị ike tinye na ókèala ndị Mediterranean. Ha jisiri imi 100 trading arịa mgbe adịkwa naanị otu onye n'ime ya nkeji. N'ihi ya, n'agbanyeghị na aka nke Italy, ndị jikọrọ aka na oké osimiri mkpọsa nke 1915 na-emezughị imeta mma. The naanị plus bụ esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke Serbian agha, nke e meriri ndị agha bụ ndị iro ke iduọ.

Ọgụ na Baltic Oké Osimiri

Nke a oké osimiri a na-akpọ nke abụọ. The First World War, isi agha na-erukwa na ọ bụghị naanị na ala ma na-na mmiri, adịghị nzọ na Baltic Oké Osimiri. The British kwere Russian nsoro ike agwụ mgbe Russian-Japanese agha, n'ihi ya, anaghị ịdabere n'enyemaka ya. Baltic gaa naanị ochie ụgbọ mmiri.

Ma na August 1914, e nwere otu ihe mere na ike emetụta N'ezie nke agha a udo na Omume oké osimiri. German ugbo agha "Magdeburg" efehe ụgbọ mmiri na Gulf nke Finland. Ikebịghike enye e weghaara Russian. Ha hụrụ ihe mgbaàmà akwụkwọ nke ụgbọ mmiri, nye ya ndị British - ya kere òkè bụ isi na ngosi nke naval cipher Germany. Iji ihe ọmụma a, ndị òtù cranked a nọmba nke ịga nke ọma arụmọrụ.

Nke a bụ nanị akụkụ nke isi agha nke oge. Ma e nwere ndị ka ọtụtụ. Isi agha nke World War II, chaatị, tebụl na ndịna arụmọrụ, ha zuru ezu omume kọwara taa ndị mere akwụkwọ. Agụ ha, anyị na-aghọta otú ọbara malitere na oge, na otú ọ na-emetụta akara aka nke ndị mba dọbara ya.