The iguzogide okpomọkụ nyefe. R-uru

Okpomọkụ nyefe walling - bụ a mgbagwoju usoro metụtara convection, conduction na ụzarị ọkụ. ha niile na-ezukọta na predominance nke otu n'ime ha. Egbochi ihe Njirimara ngere aghụghọ, nke na-apụta ìhè site na okpomọkụ nyefe eguzogide, ga-esoriri na ụlọ Koodu.

Dị ka ikuku na-gbanwere na walling

Na-ewu ka usoro iwu chọrọ maka ịdị ukwuu nke okpomọkụ agbanwe oge site na mgbidi na site na ya na-akọwa ya ọkpụrụkpụ. Otu nke parameters maka ịgbakọ ọ bụ okpomọkụ dị iche n'ime na n'èzí ụlọ. Inweta dị ka ihe ndabere nke coldest oge nke afọ. Ọzọ oke bụ ọnụọgụ nke okpomọkụ nyefe K - okpomọkụ ego-ebute site ná n'ime 1 abụọ site mpaghara 1 m ^2, na ihe dị iche nke elu na esịtidem ebe okpomọkụ na 1 Celsius C. The K uru na-adabere na ihe onwunwe Njirimara. Dị ka ọ na-eme belata okpomọkụ-echebe Njirimara nke mgbidi. Ke adianade do, jụọla oyi n'ime ụlọ ga-banye n'ime obere, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ karịa na ọkpụrụkpụ nke nsu.

Convection na ụzarị ọkụ na n'ime na n'èzí-emetụta okpomọkụ ọnwụ si ụlọ. Ya mere, n'ihi na batrị arụnyere na mgbidi na-atụgharị uche meziri nke aluminum foil. Nchebe dị otú ahụ na-mere n'ime ventilated facades na n'èzí.

Okpomọkụ nyefe site na ájá nke ụlọ

The mputa mgbidi ka ọtụtụ n'ime ebe nke ụlọ na site na ha ume weere iru 35-45%. Ụlọ ihe na-eme ka elu nke gbaa akụkụ, nwere dị iche iche echebe site oyi. Ọ nwere kasị ala thermal conductivity nke ikuku. Ya mere, porous ihe nwere kasị ala ụkpụrụ nke okpomọkụ nyefe ọnụọgụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ewu brik K = 0,81 W / (m ² · ^C), na ihe K = 2,04 W / (m ² · ^C), na plywood K = 0,18 W / (m ² · ^C.) na polystyrene efere na K = 0,038 W / (m ² · ° ^C).

The mgbawa eji mmegwara nke ọnụọgụ K, - R-uru. Ọ bụ a normalized uru na-ekwesịghị ịbụ n'okpuru a ụfọdụ gaghị agara uru, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-adabere na-eri nke kpo oku na ọnọdụ nke ọnụnọ ke ogige.

Na K-akpata na-emetụta mmiri ọdịnaya walling. Na akụrụngwa mmiri displaces ikuku na pores, na ya kwes conductivity bụ ugboro 20 elu. N'ihi ya, njọ okpomọkụ-echebe Njirimara nke nsu. Wet brik mgbidi Site n'ibu 30% ọzọ okpomọkụ karịa akọrọ. Ya mere, facade na n'okpo ụlọ na-agbalị ha yi ihe na nke mmiri na-adịghị edebe.

Okpomọkụ ọnwụ site mgbidi na oghere na nkwonkwo na-kpamkpam dabere na ifufe. Kwado owuwu - breathable na ikuku na-aga site na ha si n'èzí (infiltration) na n'ime (exfiltration).

siding

Elu cladding ventilated facades atọrọ a ọdịiche na nke ikuku na-ekesa. Ọ na-adịghị emetụta thermal eguzogide mgbidi, ma ọ bụ ukwuu na-eguzogide ọgwụ ifufe ibu, na-ebelata infiltration. The ikuku nwere ike iru n'ime nkwụsị nke window na uzọ abua na mgbidi oghere. N'ihi nke a kwes eguzogide nke windo belata ka oké ebe. Na n'ebe ndị a, na-etinye ihe irè akara, na-egbochi outflow nke okpomọkụ site nke kasị nso ụzọ. Kwes eguzogide nke mgbidi na windo na interface ga-ntakiri, na odide na ebi ndụ na-adịghị guzobere, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-edebe eku n'etiti ná mkpọda.

The mkpa na-echebe Njirimara na ike ịzọpụta a na-enweta site na iji gwara mmanụ Sanwichi ogwe, nke na-echebe ofụri n'ihu ụlọ ahụ n'ime na. System nke ventilated facades na-arụnyere na niile kara aka na niile ihu igwe. N'ihi ọzọ mkpuchi eliminates "oyi àkwà mmiri" na-abawanye bi nkasi obi.

Okpomọkụ ọnwụ site n'uko nke akpa n'ala

Mgbe ọkara okpomọkụ ọnwụ ala iru 3-10%. Builders elekọta nta banyere ha mkpuchi, na-ahapụ a ọdịiche. Na nke kacha mma ikpe ka nke ịchọ mma akara grout. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke n'ala n'elu ala karịa n'ime ụlọ na 2 ° C, mgbe ahụ, mkpuchi okpu mere agụghị oké.

Okpomọkụ ọnwụ site n'elu ụlọ

Karịsịa oké okpomọkụ weere site n'elu ụlọ na otu- na okpukpu abụọ obibi. Ha iru 35%. Modern egbochi ihe ihe na-enye ohere ka reliably chebe elu ụlọ na n'uko nke mpụga ebe obibi na ihe nke okpomọkụ ọnwụ si n'ime.

Dị ka akọwapụtara site na okpomọkụ nyefe eguzogide

N'echiche nke anụ ahụ, okpomọkụ nyefe eguzogide gbaa Ọdịdị e ji mara na ọkwa nke ya thermal egbochi ihe Njirimara na na-enwetara site ruru

• R = 1 / K (M ² · ° ^C / W).

The-echebe Njirimara nke mgbidi na-ekpebisi ike site na Filiks nke kwes mgbanwe na ya elu na ime-ebupụta, nakwa dị ka na nnukwu ihe onwunwe. N'ihi mgbagwoju fencing ngụkọta thermal eguzogide ga-abụ:

• R ₀ = (R ₁ + R ₂ + ... + R _n) + R _na + R _n .

ebe R _1, R _2, R _n mara na Njirimara nke onye n'ígwé, _na R, R _N - esịtidem na mpụga na mmekọrịta na ikuku.

Belata iguzogide okpomọkụ nyefe

Na omume, owuwu bụ heterogeneous na nkejikotara kpọgide ọcha na ndị ọzọ na-ekwurịta okwu nke n'ígwé na-etolite "oyi nkwonkwo". Heterogeneity owuwu nwere ike dị ukwuu belata thermal eguzogide nke nzukọ. Ya mere, ọ na-edu ụfọdụ nkezi uru R ₀ ^'n'ihi na Ẹkot fencing na edo Njirimara n'elu dum ebe. Ihe atụ, na ngụkọta oge nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi nke ụlọ na-sonye na akaụntụ okpomọkụ weere na window na ụzọ mkpọda, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na onye ọcha nke ụlọ na okwu nke belata thermal eguzogide. Na image gosiri àkú, ihe kwes conductivity nke ihe slab akwusila ikpo si.

Belata iguzogide okpomọkụ nyefe kpebisiri ike mgbe mkpebi siri ike nke niile bụ isi na saịtị nke edinam nke dị iche iche okpomọkụ fluxes. Mgbe ahụ, dị na GOST 26254-84, na gbakọọ na iji usoro:

• ₀ R ^'= F / (F ₁ / R + F _{01 2} / R ₀₂ + ... + F _n / R _{0 n),} ebe:

F - ebe gbaa Ọdịdị;

F _n - mpaghara nke e ji mara n-nke mpaghara;

R ₀ bụ iguzogide okpomọkụ nyefe e ji mara _n n-nke mpaghara.

N'ihi ya, ahụ n'ezie okpomọkụ eruba site a mgbagwoju anya na-ewu na-eduga ná edo okpomọkụ nyefe site ya ntule.

Dị ka GOST P 54851-2011, kpọmkwem okpomọkụ agbanwe oge site na ụlọ envelopu na-akọwa okwu ahụ bụ:

• q = (t _Ext - t _n) / R ₀ ^'

ebe t na t _{n Ext} - na ụlọ okpomọkụ, selectable dị ka GOST 30494, na n'èzí okpomọkụ, a kọwara dị ka nkezi nke coldest ụbọchị ise a afọ.

Infrared technology na-enye ohere ikpebi ebe okpomọkụ nyefe na-eguzogide na-ebelata. The foto na-egosi "oyi nkwonkwo" ebe ọtụtụ okpomọkụ ọnwụ emee. The okpomọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mpaghara nke 8 ° C na-erughị ndị ọzọ.

Okpomọkụ ọnwụ site na window oghere

Windows ogide a obere akụkụ nke elu-ulo, ma ọbụna okpukpu abụọ gbazere agbaze thermal mkpuchi bụ 2-3 ugboro na-adịghị ike karịa nke mgbidi. Modern ume-azọpụta windo na e ji mara nke kwes nchedo Njirimara nso mgbidi.

nwere ya arụmọrụ e ji mara maka nke ọ bụla abụọ-glazed window. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ belata okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, dabere na size nke ọ bụla ngwaahịa nke a na-ekewa klaasị.

The kasị ala klas - D2 - bụ otu-walled windo na iko ọkpụrụkpụ nke 4 mm (R ₀ ⁼ 0.35 - 0,39 m · ° C / W). Ọ bụrụ na ndị window nwere a thermal eguzogide nke iko n'okpuru n'elu kacha nta ụkpụrụ, ọ na-apụghị were. Na-amụba okpomọkụ nchedo ume oru oma windo belata ìhè nnyefe.

The kasị elu okpomọkụ nyefe eguzogide klas - A1 - bụ ike na-azọpụta abụọ-ulo igbe na-inert gas na-echebe coatings (R ₀ ^'> = 0,8 m · ° C / W). Ha kwes mkpuchi Njirimara elu karịa ndị nke ụfọdụ nke mgbidi nke ụlọ ihe.

Kwes eguzogide nke iko na-adabere na ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• ruru gbazere agbaze ebe dum ngọngọ;
• eke n'úkwù nha na cross ngalaba nke etiti;
• ihe onwunwe na-ewu nke window ngọngọ;
• iko e ji mara;
• quality akara n'etiti eke n'úkwù na eku.

Mgbe thermal eguzogide na gbakọọ windo na mbara ihu uzọ, na ọ dị mkpa ka a tụlee mmetụta nke etiti peeji mpaghara ebe nkwụsị na gbazere agbaze window profaịlụ nwere ike ịda ghọọ mmanụ. Mgbe arịọnụ kwesịkwara ntị ka àgwà nke akara oghere. Site thermographic ngwaọrụ nwere ike hụrụ dị ka oyi penetrates n'ime ụlọ site n'elu na-nri nke ụzọ (picture n'okpuru). N'agbanyeghị otú irè nwere ike glazed, na free ebe ikuku n'etiti okpokolo agba na mgbidi, ihe niile ha uru ga-efu.

Nhọrọ windo na mbara ihu ọnụ ụzọ nke ọ bụla na-emepụta n'ógbè dị na achọrọ ukwu nke okpomọkụ nyefe eguzogide R ₀ ^'na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe, determinable ọgụgụ nke ogo-ụbọchị kpo oku oge.

ọgwụgwụ

The normalized thermal eguzogide nke mgbidi na windo ekwe iwu ume-oru oma ụlọ. Na mgbawa nke okpomọkụ e ji mara nke mgbidi dị mkpa iji tụlee Njirimara nke heterogeneous mmiri. Iji nọgide na-enwe microclimate mkpa pụrụ ịdabere na nchebe nke n'akụkụ nile nke ulo si oyi. Nke a-edu ndú ka ndị oge a heaters.