The isi obodo nke Australia: Sydney ma ọ bụ Canberra? Australia: map

Ebe ọ na-emi odude na aha isi obodo nke Australia? Sydney ma ọ bụ Canberra - ụfọdụ n'ime obodo ndị a ịrụ ọrụ nke isi obodo? Iji na-enye nri azịza ajụjụ ndị a ga-aga iji kewaa njem dị anya Chile. Ọ na-e mesịrị chọpụtara America, ma tupu Antarctica. Esemokwu banyere onye mbụ Europe rutere n'ebe Australia, bụghị subsiding ruo ugbu a. Ọ bụkwa ihe na-aga n'ihu arụmụka banyere ụdị obodo na mba kasị mara mma na liveable.

Chile Australia

Photo kangaroos na koalas - a ụdị akpọ kaadị nke kasị nta Afrika nke Earth. Australia fọrọ nke nta 4.5 ugboro erughị na Africa na naanị 2,5 ugboro karịa ndị kasị ibu n'àgwàetiti ụwa - Greenland. Na Afrika, ọ bụ a nnukwu ala - Commonwealth of Australia. Mmụta na-na-esiri ike ịza ajụjụ banyere aha nke isi obodo nke Australia, Sydney ma ọ bụ Canberra? Melbourne ma ọ bụ Sydney? Ma ọ bụghị naanị na anya kọntinent na mba. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-eche echiche tupu ị na-akpọ isi obodo. Kọwaa ọnọdụ na-enyere ndị ihe ọmụma nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chọpụtara na mmezi nke Afrika site na Europe.

Key milestones nke mbụ ogbo na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chọpụtara na mmepe nke Australia

Search for a oké osimiri na-aga site na Europe na India na China ifịk ifịk ekenịmde ke a oge nke oké ala nchoputa, Spaniards, Portuguese, na mgbe ha, na Dutch. Tupu mmalite nke Asaa narị afọ na Europe anyị amaghị ebe bụ Australia. Fragmentary ọmụma banyere njem ụgbọ mmiri nke Portuguese-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị ahịa na n'igbere mmiri na-amaghị ala Negeb si XVI na narị afọ, ma ndị na-egosi anakọtara ezughị.

Ọ maara na nchoputa Torres si Spain na 1606 gabiga Strait ndịda nke New Guinea, na-egosi na ọ bụ agwaetiti, kama akụkụ nke na-amaghị ama ndịda Afrika. Torres hụrụ site na mkpagide na-agba ya aha taa, nke dị n'ụsọ ụfọdụ ala (Australia). Great onyinye ọmụmụ nke Afrika mere Dutch. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ na-amaghị otú anya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ erukwa na ókèala ndị ndịda Afrika.

Europe iyi ihe ọhụrụ na-emeghe n'ala ha dị nnọọ n'ebe ndịda. Nke mbụ, bụ ndị bịara si Old World idem marsupials, red ala, ihicha elu osimiri. The kasị adaba maka ndụ nke kwabatara si Europe bụ ókèala nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ebe ooh ifufe si na oké osimiri na-egbu oge ugwu dara ọzọ ọdịda karịa na center nke Afrika.

Igwu D. Cook na British ọrụ ke mmezi nke Afrika

Mara maka ya na njem ụgbọ mmiri na gburugburu ụwa England Dzheyms Kuk, ebe ọ maara ebe Australia wee na afọ 1769-1770 na-amụ ihe na ókè nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri. Na-agafe oké osimiri si New Zealand, Cook ruru ọnụ ọnụ ebe ugwu nke Afrika. Ebe ọ bụ na oge malite mmepe nke ala ndị a na-achị nke English Crown. January 26, 1788 mbụ British ógbè e tọrọ ntọala. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke XVIII narị afọ nọgidere-agụghị oké ghọtara n'ime ókèala na-adịghị egbochi ndị British azọrọ dum colonized Afrika. Na echiche nke Tasmanian Aborigine na Australian onye mere gụọ.

Ka tensi arụmụka banyere ma e nwere na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge gara aga nke Afrika mgbukpọ nke agbụrụ ụmụ amaala bi. E nwere doro anya na azịza nke ajụjụ ndị a asụsụ bụ na Australia. The mba a buru ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị keere òkè nke Commonwealth of Nations. Chie gara aga eze na nke ugbu a Queen of England - isi esịnede otu òtù mba na dabere n'ókèala. Na Australia, na ukara asụsụ bụ English.

The kasị nta Afrika nke Earth: ala ọnọdụ (GP)

Na ihe Ụwa bụ Australia? Ka anyị a lee anya na map. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na Chile bụ n'ebe ndịda nke ụwa, ie. E. emi odude kpamkpam na Southern Hemisphere. Isi ihe nke GP of Australia na ohere:

• York Peninsula - oké ugwu n'ókè nke Chile.
• The kasị southerly itie ke Afrika enyene Cape South Point.
• Territory of Australia gbatịrị ukem 10 Celsius S. w. na 39 Celsius S. w.
• Fọrọ nke nta n'etiti Afrika gafere site na Southern Tropic.

Na ihe Ụwa bụ Australia: East ma ọ bụ West? Chile bụghị irutu meridians 0 Celsius na 180 Celsius, ọ pụtara na ọ na-kpamkpam dị na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Ụwa. Isi ihe nke GP of Australia Longitude:

• Nsọtụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - m nkpoda Point ..
• The oké ọwụwa anyanwụ ọnọdụ na-ewe m. Byron.
• Australia dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke meridian 113 Celsius. g., 153 Celsius n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. d.
• Ngụkọta nke ebe nke Afrika bụ banyere 7.659.000. Km ^2.

Continent erukwa si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ihe 4 puku. Km. The anya si Chile n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda nke ya outermost ekwu bụ banyere 3.7 puku. Km.

shoreline

Chile Australia na-asa:

• Timor na Arafura Sea n'ebe ugwu;
• Coral, Tasman Sea n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ;
• bays na ihe isi ike nke Indian Ocean n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda.

N'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Australia bụ Tasmania, agwaetiti na - na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. New Guinea. N'ebe ọwụwa n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-agba ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa ụyọkọ nke coral - na Great Barrier Reef. Natural "Ọdịdị" esịmde a n'ogologo 2 puku. Km. Coral kpụkọtara ọnụ, atolls siri obibia si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Australia Chile (foto otu n'ime obere agwaetiti egosi n'okpuru).

Commonwealth of Australia

Up ruo mgbe afọ iri gara aga nke XIX na narị afọ akụkụ nke Australia mejupụtara 6 iche iche chịrị na ọchịchị nke ha, ndị agha na ndị ọzọ na àgwà nke nnwere onwe. Na 1898 ọ malitere mmepe nke n'usoro ochichi nke chịrị Federation. Ụbọchị mbụ nke 1901 Australia nabatara dị ka ụmụ amaala nke a otu na ala - Commonwealth of Australia.

The ịma aka n'etiti obodo nke mba ahụ, họọrọ isii na ụwa na usoro nke n'ókèala, ọ malitere ihe karịrị 100 afọ gara aga. The ajụjụ bilitere: ebe ga-isi obodo nke Australia? Sydney ma ọ bụ Canberra - nke obodo ndị a na-ahọrọ? Ọ ga-kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị Australia kwere ha Afrika kasị ọhụrụ. Si Sydney na Canberra na-eti ha obodo, na-eche na ha bụ ndị kasị mma. Na Melbourne na-ekwu na obodo ha bụ ọmarịcha, na-ewu ewu.

Olee otú ọ na-akpọ isi obodo nke Australia: Sydney, Melbourne ma ọ bụ Canberra?

Federal ọchịchị mgbe 1901 e posted na a pụrụ iche kere Australian Capital Territory. E kpebiri na a ga-enwe isi obodo nke Australia. Sydney ma ọ bụ Melbourne - a bụ abụọ nnukwu obodo nwere ike ịghọ ndutịm emmepe nke gọọmenti ka na afọ iri mbụ mgbe ya e kere eke. Mgbe mechie mkparịta ụka ahụ, e kpebiri na-akwụsị ndị mpi bilie. Mmasị e nyere nwa oge Melbourne. A bụbu isi obodo nke Australia, ebe gọọmenti etiti nzuko omeiwu bụ a nkeji iri na ise nke a na narị afọ.

Echiche nke ewu a ọhụrụ obodo ruo ogologo oge na-abịa n'ime ndụ na ókèala nke New South Wales, ma ọ bụghị na Sydney, na obere n'ihu n'ebe n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Naanị na 1908 ọ e mesịrị mma site na ọnọdụ nke ndutịm na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị center nke mba, na na 1911 malitere ya imewe na-ewu. Melbourne isi obodo ọrụ rụrụ ruo mgbe 1927.

Canberra: isi na obodo

M gafere karịa a na iri na abuo afọ mgbe e kere eke nke a otu obodo na-adịdebeghị mmiri, ma ọtụtụ ndị ka na-esiri ike zaa ajụjụ a: "The isi obodo nke Australia - Sydney ma ọ bụ Canberra?"

Na 1911, a mpi a mara ọkwa maka imewe nke a ọhụrụ obodo. Ọ ndibọhọ ya na American-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Walter Griffin. Ndị dere akwụkwọ bụ echiche nke a isi obodo e nwere obi abụọ banyere aha ya. Anyị na-enye ndị na-esonụ nhọrọ: Dzheyms Kuk, Shakespeare, Olympus, ma n'ikpeazụ, nọ na-akụkọ ihe mere eme aha.

Na March 1913, mbụ nkume na ntọ-ala nke obodo e tọrọ ntọala. Aha nke isi obodo ọhụrụ na-abịa site eponymous obodo Canberra na Molongo osimiri. The anya si ebe a iji Sydney n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - banyere 280 kilomita na Melbourne n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- 650 km. Okwu "Canberra" bụ si sụgharịa asụsụ nke ndị Aborigine nke Australia nwere ike pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "nzukọ ebe". The mbụ English mmezi pụtara ebe a na 1820. A mba ezumike - Day nke ntọala nke Canberra - Australia si, ime ememe kwa afọ (nke abụọ Monday na March).

Ibu, mmepe, na taa eme Australian Capital

Economic ọgba aghara nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na-egbu oge na-ewu. Naanị na 1927 na Federal nzuko omeiwu nke Australia si Melbourne na Canberra. The na mmepe nke isi obodo kwụsịlataworo n'oge Akwa Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo na World War II. Nanị mgbe 1945 Canberra malitere ọma. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị bi n'ime ya bụ na gburugburu 392 puku. Man. Na isi obodo, ndị na-enweghị ọrụ ọnụego bụ ala na nkezi ego dị elu karịa na mba ahụ dum. Ná mmalite, ngo nyere maka ihe e kere eke nke a ubi obodo, a mara mma ma na ndụ ntụsara. Na ókèala Canberra nọgidere ịrịba ebe nke eke ahịhịa ebe, gbajiri ọhụrụ ogige ntụrụndụ na n'ámá. Na isi obodo, oche nke nzuko omeiwu bụ Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Historic na saịtị na-adọrọ mmasị nke Canberra dị ka ndị a:

• Ụlọ nke nzuko omeiwu (bụbu na ugbu a);
• Anglican Church of St. Ioanna Krestitelya ;
• mbarauka of St. John;
• National Museum;
• War Memorial;
• Australian National University;
• Royal Military College;
• National Gallery.

Akụkụ nke ndutịm-territorial na onu ogugu njupụta

Na mgbakwunye na Federal Capital Territory, Australia bụ akụkụ nke ole na ole na mpaghara dị iche na size, ọnụ ọgụgụ na mejupụtara nke ndị bi na. Obere bi na mepụtara ebe - North. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị 6 iche iche na-ekwu: Western na South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria na Tasmania. Nnukwu ebe n'ógbè Australia - Queensland na Western Australia.

Ndị kasị ibu obodo na mba dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọ chọpụtara na mmezi nke Afrika. Si Pacific Ocean tinyere Australian n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-agba yinye ugwu, ná nkezi, ịdị elu - 1500-2000 m Nke a bụ Great n'ikewa iche, nke na-echebe n'ụsọ warara si na-ekpo ọkụ akọrọ ifufe ịfụ site Central desert mpaghara ..

Ndị kasị ibu obodo na East Coast - Sydney. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mepere bi bụ gburugburu 4.4 nde. Man. Na foto nke obodo i nwere ike mgbe ahụ a mara mma na-acha ọcha ụlọ nke Opera House, yiri a ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ oroma agba. Opera na Sydney - otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu nke ụwa - a nnọchiteanya nke bụghị naanị obodo ma dum Australia. Ọkaibe oru ngwọta na-ede akwụkwọ nke ekwuru ụlọ (Jorg Utston) gụnyere ndụ nke 10 afọ. Pụrụ iche internally opera mma a na-akpọ "w Gothic".

Melbourne emi odude ndịda Sydney na Canberra, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị bi n'ime ya bụ banyere 3.9 nde mmadụ. The obodo a na-ewere egwuregwu isi obodo nke Australia: e nwere mba tennis ndorondoro, ndi nānọkwasi agbụrụ "Formula -1". Nti mbụ ije adọta ndị njem nleta Melbourne. City na-erughị narị afọ abụọ, ghọrọ usoro si na a azu obodo n'ime a obodo ukwu.

Brief nkọwa nke isi socio-aku egosi

Isi nke Australia ga ezu ezu ma ọ bụrụ na unu adịghị enye ndị bụ isi na omume igwe mmadụ na-egosi, ọ bụghị banyere ndị ọzọ na igodo socio-aku e ji mara nke mba. Ngụkọta nke ebe gọọmenti etiti steeti Australia bụ banyere 7,687 km ^2. The n'ókèala na-agụnye ọ bụghị nanị na Chile, ma a ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esote ya na nnukwu na obere àgwàetiti. Mba ndị bi - dị ka data maka 2014 - 23,8 nde mmadụ.

Ekpe nke Church of England na Commonwealth of Australia nwere banyere 26% nke ngụkọta bi. Banyere otu n'ime Australia Katọlik na-eso ụzọ nke ndị Kraịst ndị ọzọ okpukpe. Mgbe oge nke ọdịda na-adịdebeghị mmiri Europe kwaga amaala bi na ama na a ala ozo nke development. Ụmụ Amaala Australia nọ na-achụ na-ekpokọta mkpụrụ osisi na osisi n'ime ohia, ịchụ nta na ịkụ azụ.

Na-adịdebeghị mmiri nke England malitere mbubata mara ikpe, akpa ógbè na ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide niile. Site Old World ka Australia ọnụ na mba bi na anụ ụlọ ndị pathogens nke ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ. N'ihi ọrịa budata belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ amaala ndị mmadụ. Great mmebi ọhịa na osisi mere bekee ọzọ herbivores acclimatized.

Australia bụ ọgaranya eke ego, nke na-tumadi mined ke edere edere na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara nke mba. The minerals nwere ike na-akpọ eke gas ego, mmanụ, coal, ferrous na-abụghị ferrous ọla, gold na uranium. Ejikwara na-adịdebeghị mmiri ogbara ohuru na isi mmalite: anyanwụ radieshon, tides, ifufe. Isi osimiri - na Murray nwa na mwubata nke - igba mmiri n'ubi ugbo n'ugbo na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Australia - a isi ehi na-ozuzu region, karịsịa mepụtara ebe a ezi-na-fleeced atụrụ na ehi ịzụ. Investment site obodo na mba ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-etinye ego na mmanu ndi mere onwe mmanụ ụgbọala ngwaọrụ (mmanụ na gas). The Commonwealth of Australia ịzụlite Ngwuputa na nhazi ọrụ, bupu-ọnọ ngwaọrụ, ike na-akọ ugbo na ngwaahịa. The obodo nwere a mepụtara tertiary oru nke aku na uba (ọrụ ebe).

The ọrụ nke isi ego bụ Australian dollar nalu. GDP kwa n'isi n'isi nke Australia n'etiti n'elu iri, ogo isii na ụwa. Australia, mba na Oceania isi obodo dọtara uche nke ndị njem nleta. N'ihi obere agwaetiti n'ókèala ego site na nke a oru nke aku na uba ya dị oké mkpa.

Australia ka a akụkụ nke Oceania

Control Commonwealth emetụta archipelagos na n'àgwàetiti: Ashmore, Cocos, Cartier, Macdonald, Norfolk, Christmas, Hurd (ụfọdụ n'ime ebe ndị a abụghị bi bi).

The isi obodo nke Australia na Oceania na-budata si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ ọtụtụ n'ihe. Ọtụtụ agwaetiti mba adịkwaghị amaala bi. Ọbụna ndị kasị ibu eze na dabere n'ókèala na iri puku kwuru iri nke ugboro erughị Australian. Ya mere, na obodo ebe, emi odude n'ebe ugwu nke Australia - Papua New Guinea - bụ banyere 463 puku km ^2, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị bi na ruru 7.1 nde ..

N'ilu obere Afrika

Travel na Australia bụ mara mma na ọtụtụ ndị, n'ihi na Afrika bụ ma ama maka osisi. E nwere ọtụtụ jupụtara ejupụta, hụrụ ebe ọzọ na osisi fauna. Dị ka na-eme nnyocha na-atụ aro, n'oge ochie, ọ bụ akụkụ nke Australia akwa-Afrika, ma n'ihi na nke ya gbawara n'etiti na nwayọọ na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ E wepụrụ ọzọ na-. N'ihi ya kewapụrụ iche Australia na banyere. Tasmania ẹnịm relic osisi na marsupials, ogologo nwuchapu na Africa na Eurasia.

Dị ka ihe mgbe ochie gwupụtara, nkume eserese, mmadụ fossils, oge ochie ngwá ọrụ mmanye, na-eme nnyocha kpebisiri ike na oge nke mmezi nke Afrika. Nchoputa na-egosi na na Australia ndị mbụ rutere n'ebe ndị ọzọ bi na kọntinent. Ikekwe ndị mmadụ na e nwere na-ama banyere 50 ọtụtụ narị afọ, ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ yiri na mbụ bi n'ebe ahụ bụ banyere 21 puku. Afọ gara aga.

Australian na-eme nnyocha mata fauna na a akpan akpan ebe, ikwere na-ebi ndị kasị ochie anụmanụ na mpaghara a nke Earth. Ọ na-kweere na na Paleozoic oge e nwere ndị ala n'ihi na Asian akụkụ nke Eurasia. Mgbe ahụ na-adịdebeghị mmiri fauna na ọ bụghị dị ka iche iche. Ogologo oge tupu mmalite nke Quaternary oge Australia bịara marsupial ụmụ anụmanụ. Gburugburu otu oge e a ikpeazụ nkewa nke kọntinent. Dị ka Australia bụghị ike banye n'ime anụ - ndị nnọchiteanya nke elu mammals. Ya mere, maka ụmụ amaala fauna nke Afrika anyị n'ihu, ha na-adịghị ahụkarị. Hụrụ na Australia kasị ochie placental mammals - platypus na echidna, marsupials - kangaroos, koalas na ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche na ụmụ anụmanụ.