The mbụ ụgbọala na ụwa

Ọ dị ya nnọọ dabara na na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ nke oké nchoputa mgbe ịkpata a yinye ná ndapụta. Dị ka a n'ihi nke banal ukem ini na mbụ ụgbọala.

Iwu "onwe-propelled ji ebu" nrọ nke ọtụtụ uche. Leonardo da Vinci arụ ọrụ na ihe osise nke ndị mbụ ụgbọ ala. Ya n'ụgbọala na a spring mbanye na Renaissance abuana ke parades na ndiife ememme. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na Florence na 2004 ịmepụtagharịa imewe Da Vinci si ndụ Eserese na osise. Nke a doro anya na-egosi na mbụ ụgbọala pụrụ idi na oge nke oké nchepụta.

Ma spring drive Ịtali ka mmadụ nwee obi ike na ntụkwasị obi nke usoro. Na-arụ ọrụ na-emepe emepe elu ndị ọzọ ụdị aka iso. Na-esote nchọpụta mepụtara nke Russian ụgbọ Polzunova akpaka uzuoku igwe. Site n'onwe ya, na igwe na-adịghị akpụ akpụ, ma, ọ bụ ike nke na n'ịtụgharị mmanụ ụgbọala ume kwes ike, nke n'aka nke so mee ka ndị na usoro nke vaporization na ji esi mmiri ọkụ. A ụzọ ga-eji na ha uche. Na ndabere nke uzuoku engine Polzunova French nchepụta N. Cugnot kere a onwe-propelled ajụjụ. Ọ na-eji dị ka a ụgbọala maka iga nke egbe. Ugbala na a uzuoku mwube nke arọ na size nwere ike mpi na oge a na gwongworo. Gịnị na-eri naanị mmanụ a na-arọ nke mmiri chọrọ maka ya ije. Dị otú ahụ na a arọ nke mbụ ụgbọala ọsọ fọrọ nke nta esịmde 4 km / h.

Steam engine anọgidewokwa na-anyụ ọ bụghị naanị site mba ọzọ. Ivan Kulibin, ama nchepụta nke onwe onye na-akụziri, na-arụ ọrụ ịzụlite ụgbọ ala. Ya imewe bụ nyochawa ihe siri ike karịa onye France. Na ụgbọala ahụ-kulibinskoy samokatke biarin na-budata belata esemokwu ọnụọgụ, na handwheel, ikwe ubara ntụgharị aro breeki na ọbụna n'odidi nke gearbox. Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ ụgbọala Kulibina ahụghị uru ngwa.

Otú ahụ ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọala na ịdabere n'ebe uzuoku engine ma ọ bụrụ na ndị Gottlieb Daimler na Karl Benz ekeghị a mmanụ ụgbọala engine. N'ezie, n'ụzọ zuru ezu-akụrụ abụọ ndị a oké mmadụ, ebube nke esịtidem combustion engine nke mepụtara ga-abụ ikenenke. Akpata Mmegbu ọzọ rụkọrọ ọrụ 400, gụnyere ihe engineer Nicholas Otto, natara a patent maka esịtidem combustion engine.

ICE ọdịdị ahụ gbanwere ihe ndị mere nke onwe onye na-propelled ígwè ọrụ. Ugbu a Karl Benz , ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-anọchi anya ihe mbụ ụgbọ ala nwere ike guzosie ike onwe-ha na akụkọ. Na 1886, Benz zapatentovyvaet ya e kere ọhụrụ - a onwe-propelled ajụjụ. Ka-akwọ ụgbọala odudu ọ na-eji a mmanụ ụgbọala engine. Eleezie, ọzọ German mmebe, Gottlieb Daimler, emepụta otu oru ugbo. Na nke a abụọ echepụta na-arụ ọrụ onwe ha. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na a afọ tupu Daimler kere mbụ carburetor na a ọgba tum tum, ụgbọ ala nchepụta ùgwù nwetara kpọmkwem Benz.

The mbụ ụgbọala nọ Karla Bentsa atọ-Wheeler abụọ e ji ebu ihe. Kama ịnyịnya, ha na-ada n'ime a mmiri-mma mmanụ ụgbọala engine okporo ụzọ. The engine e debere na a kehoraizin ọnọdụ n'elu n'azụ axle. The torque-ebute site ná ndị axle site abụọ yinye na a belt nnyefe. Ka ịmalite engine mmebe ka a galvanic batrị. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ụgbọala etiti na-emi esịnede metal akpa na nnọọ na-emebi emebi, na ndị ọsọ kacha na nke onye na-akwọ nwere ike ịgụ adịghị gafere 16 km / h, ọ bụ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na-enwe ọganihu na engineering mere eme. Ọ bụ ndị a crews ekemende nyeere ndị na-emepụta ike elu-ọsọ n'oge a ụgbọala.