The osimiri nke Arctic Ocean. Mmiri nke Arctic Ocean. na-akwọ ụgbọala ahụ esiri

Arctic Ocean na mpaghara nwere kasị ala mmiri ebe n'etiti ndị ọzọ niile na efere nke Earth - 14,75 nde square mita. km. Dị n'agbata American na Yurop kọntinent. Kpamkpam na n'Ebe Ugwu Ụwa. Onye kasị ukwuu omimi nke efere na-adade ke Greenland Sea - 5527 mita. Ngụkọta ego nke mmiri bụ banyere 18 nde cubic mita. km.

The isi atụmatụ nke Arctic Ocean - na ya onwe eruba. The ala mmiri nke continental oke, na-anọchi anya a nnukwu shelf, nke gbatịrị fọrọ nke nta tinyere dum efere. N'ihi na oyi na-atụ ihu igwe na polar ọnọdụ nke etiti nke oké osimiri na-mgbe kpuchie ice. Ugbu nabatara dabere kewaa mmiri nke na-esonụ ọdọ mmiri: Arctic, Canadian na European.

Background

Description nke Arctic Ocean ga na-amalite ya na obodo atụmatụ. Ókè-ala mmiri gabiga Straits of Denmark, na Hudson na Davis, tinyere n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Greenland na Faroe Islands ruo Scandinavian Peninsula. Isi mkputamkpu osimiri atụle Brewster Gerpir, Reydinupyur, Dezhnev. Ke adianade do, ọdọ mmiri bathes mba ndị dị ka Iceland, Norway, Russia, Canada, na United States. Na Pacific Ocean n'ókè site Bering Strait. Na nsọtu nke n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ Alaska.

Arctic Ocean (lee foto. N'okpuru ebe) na-ewe naanị 4% nke ngụkọta nke ebe mmiri nke ụwa. Na obere okwu, ọ na-atụle a oké osimiri nke Atlantic bezin. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na Arctic Ocean n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ dịtụ emighị emi mmiri. Naanị na a ole na ole ebe omimi esịmde 1.5 km. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mere bụ na ogologo nke oké osimiri - karịrị 45 puku km. The mmiri ebe na-agụnye ihe karịrị iri na abụọ n'etiti oké osimiri nile. The kasị ibu nke ndị a bụ Barents Sea, na Chukchi, Kara, Norwegian, Beaufort, Siberia, Laptev Sea, White, Greenland. Sea na Ocean efere enyene karịa 50%. Nnukwu n'ọnụ mmiri na-atụle ga Hudson.

Island na-ekwu na Arctic Ocean ọtụtụ. Nke kasị archipelagos bụ inye Canadian. Ọ na-agụnye agwaetiti dị ka Ellesmere Island, King William Island, Svalbard, Prince Patrick, New Earth, Kong, Wrangel Island, Victoria, Kolguev, Banks et al.

Esịtidem mgbasa mmiri

Ogologo oge ice cover odịbe elu nke oké osimiri si kpọmkwem mmetụta nke ikuku na anyanwụ radieshon. Ọ bụ ya mere a isi ihe mere hydrological mmetụta ije nke mmiri dị ike inflow North-Atlantic uka. Nke a eruba bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ na-ekpebi na n'ozuzu foto nke mmiri na-ekesa na European ọdọ mmiri. Na mgbasa ke Arctic region emetụta tide nke Pacific na glasia uka.

Balance mmiri n'elu-enweta site na igbapu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu Atlantic ebe. Nke a na ije nke pụta na dị mkpa maka Arctic Ocean. Nke fọdụrụ n'efu mmiri nwere ike ịmata ihe isi ike nke Canadian akipelago.

Arctic Ocean (lee foto. Right) n'ụzọ kpụrụ n'ihi osimiri eruba. Isi osimiri, na-emetụta ebili mmiri, na-na Asia. Ọ bụ ya mere na Alaska kemgbe a otu ebe ije nke ice.

Ime Otu mmiri

Na Arctic Ocean secrete ọtụtụ mmiri n'ígwé: elu elu, n'etiti na nke miri emi. Nke mbụ bụ a uka na a belatara nnu etoju. Ya omimi bụ 50 mita. The nkezi okpomọkụ nke Arctic Ocean bụ -2 degrees. Hydrological mmetụta Njirimara nke oyi akwa na-ekpebisi ike site na thawed ice, evaporation na runoff. Ndị kacha bụrụ ezigbo ebe nke mmiri nke Norwegian Sea a na-ewere. Ya elu okpomọkụ bụ ruo 8 degrees.

The interlayer efere - mmiri pụta, inyịme ka a omimi nke 800 mita. Ebe a, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke Arctic Ocean dịgasị n'ime otu ogo. Nke a na-kpatara nrugharị ọkụ okwukwo si Greenland Sea. The salinity nke mmiri bụ uru na gburugburu 37 ‰ ma ọ bụ karịa. Deep oyi akwa kpụrụ vetikal convection na gbatịrị si mkpagide n'etiti Spitsbergen na Greenland. Ọ ga-kwuru na eruba nso ala nke oké osimiri na-kpatara mmegharị nke miri nnukwu oké osimiri nile. The okpomọkụ nke mmiri ebe on kacha ogbu nke banyere -1 degrees.

Taidal ọnọdụ

Dị otú ahụ hydrological anomalies na Arctic Ocean juru ebe nile. Tides kpebisiri ike na site Atlantic mmiri. The kasị hụrụ na Barents Sea, Siberia, Kara na Chukchi oké osimiri nile. Ebe a na-tides bụ ọkara diurnal agwa. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na-adọ oge gachara inequality (kacha nta na kacha).

European ọdọ mmiri nke Arctic Ocean si dị iche ná ndị ọzọ toro ogologo tide. N'ebe a, mmiri larịị adahade idekọ elu - ruo mita 10. Oke hụrụ Mezen Bay. Min - ụsọ oké osimiri nke Canada na Siberia (erughị 0,5 m).

Ọzọkwa oceanographers ekenyela ifufe-anya oscillations. Na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke efere rụrụ ife elu nke 2 na 11 mita. Oke phenomena hụrụ na Norwegian Sea - 12 m.

Gịnị bụ n'elu

Ọ na-aga na mmiri kọlụm na-ntighari ma ọ bụ na-adịgide adịgide na okike. Ocean okwukwo (ịhụ map. N'okpuru) nwekwara ike ịbụ elu elu ma ọ bụ miri emi, oyi ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Frequency na cyclicality dị iche oge, mgbe nile na weere aga. The unit ịtụ nke ebili mmiri na-akpọ Sverdrup. Iyi nke mmiri na-nkewa site kwụsie ike, omimi, anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara, ọdịdị na ntụziaka nke njem, na mmetụta nke ndị agha, wdg Ma, atọ isi dị iche iche nke na ọnọdụ tọhapụrụ taa ..:

1. Taidal. Mere site mwubata nke nnukwu ozu mmiri. Echeta na-emighị emi mmiri na nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Dị iche iche mmetụta na ike. Iche echiche nke oké osimiri okwukwo na-ewere thrower.

2. grajentị. A na-akpọ kwụ hydrostatic mgbali n'etiti mmiri n'ígwé. Bụ site njupụta, barogradientnymi, igbapu, akwụ ụgwọ na seiche.

3. Wind. Mere site a ike ikuku eruba.

Atụmatụ nke Gulf Stream

Gulf stream bụ a na-ekpo ọkụ ugbu a, nke e ji mara ndị Atlantic ebe. O sina dị, ọ bụ nke a eruba ekere òkè dị mkpa na e guzobere na mgbasa nke Arctic Ocean. Ọ na-abịa site North American n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọ gbatịrị si Grand Banks na Straits of Florida. Gulfstream bụ mmiri n'okpuru osimiri usoro ke Barents Sea na Spitsbergen.

Nke a eruba nke Arctic Ocean bụ zuru ezu, nke budata dịkwuo n'ozuzu okpomọkụ nke mmiri. The obosara nke Gulf Stream 90 kilomita. Nkea na a ike ọsọ nke 2-3 m / s. Nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike na-ekpo ọkụ okwukwo nke oké osimiri. N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke eruba esịmde a omimi nke 1.5 km. The Ọnọdụ nke Gulf Stream agbanwe ofụri isua. N'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ, ya okpomọkụ bụ banyere 25 C. The kacha mgbanwe hụrụ ke edere edere akụkụ nke Norwegian Sea, ebe ọnụego dara ozugbo site na 10 degrees.

The Ọnọdụ nke Gulf Stream

N'oge accelerated okpomọkụ ahia ifufe na njuputa mmiri nke Caribbean. The ike nke ije-kpatara adiana nke planet. Na a karịa obodo uche GolfStream kpebisiri ala gbara osimiri okirikiri okwukwo, salinity na okpomọkụ na-ekesa mode.

Ịrịba Ama mmetụta na N'ezie nke na-enye ndị Gulf of Mexico si Cuba. Na mpaghara ebe a, mmiri na mpaghara nwere a cyclical okike. Mmiri na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ n'anya dị ike iyi na na Atlantic Ocean site Florida Straits. Na Bahamas eruba emee na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ. Set nke mmegharị na-ebelata ka guzobe nke mgbanaka, ya bụ, nnukwu vortices. Ebe a na Gulf Stream bụ inweta ike ya.

N'ọdịnihu, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ndị ọzọ okwukwo nke Arctic Ocean, eruba nke ume efu ruru akwa n'ogo nke evaporation ụsọ oké osimiri nke Europe. N'ihi bụ a nwayọọ idụhe. Na ugwu nke Arctic Ocean e nwere ọtụtụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ eruba.

Gịnị egwu Gulf Stream

Ke akpatre afọ iri dị iche iche volatility. Mbụ niile na ọ gbasara index okirikiri. Odika ịrịba azọrọ-oge oscillations nke Gulf Stream rụrụ ọ bụla afọ abụọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ndiiche nke eruba nke Arctic Ocean abuana isi mgbanwe na ihu igwe. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ya egwu planet Meteorological ọdachi. Fast desalination dị ka a n'ihi nke okpomọkụ n'ụwa pụrụ ime ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na European akụkụ nke ala ga-akwụsị ewe iwe dị ọkụ. Ihe nwere ike ịbụ a ọhụrụ ice afọ. Tupu mgbe akụkọ ahụ yiri ọdachi. Ndị dị otú ahụ ná nkwubi ọkà mmụta sayensị mere dị ka analysis of Greenland miri ice.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị Gulf Stream desalination n'ezie tipped ihe ọtụtụ dị ka norm, ndị mbụ na-ata ahụhụ ọtụtụ mmanụ rigs. Ihe ga-abụ ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi ọdachi ugbua.

Atụmatụ nke East Greenland Ugbu A

Nke a iyi bụ nke abụọ ike na Arctic Ocean. Ọ na-ewetara oyi na mmiri pụta. Ya starring ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọdọ mmiri bụ a igbapu na mwepụ nke ice si Arctic mmiri. Malite okwukwo nke Arctic Ocean a hụrụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke Asia. Kwupụta na n'ebe ugwu nke stream ndụdụ. The alaka mbụ na-aga Greenland, nke abụọ - na North America. The ije na-ewe ebe predominantly na ókè-ala na-adịdebeghị mmiri.

The obosara nke East Greenland Ugbu A, n'ebe ụfọdụ, ihe karịrị 200 km. Mmiri okpomọkụ bụ na 0 degrees. Na Cape Farewell iyi na jikọọ na Irminger Ugbu. The nkukota nke na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-atụ ìgwè mmadụ looping emee. Ọ bụ ya mere e nwere a ngwa ngwa agbaze nke oké osimiri ice na icebergs na akụkụ a nke ebe.

Ọzọ okwukwo nke Arctic Ocean

Transarctic eruba enye ije nke ice si Alaska na Greenland. The isi ike nke eruba bụ eruba n'ime osimiri. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ kpụkọrọ kewapụta si Chile ekemende Transarctic iyi na-rụrụ na Bering Strait. E nwere ije na-akwado site na inflow nke Pacific.

Spitsbergen bụ a alaka maka Gulf Stream. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na Norwegian Sea. Nordkapp ugbu a rute mmiri okpomọkụ ka 8 degrees. Ọ na-aga n'elu oké osimiri nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Kola na Scandinavian Peninsula. Ya nkezi ọsọ bụ 1.4 km / h.

The Norwegian alaka nke Atlantic n'oge atụle oruru. Ebe salinity na-nọ na gburugburu 35%. uka okpomọkụ - si +5 ka +12 degrees.

Ihu Igwe data

Atụmatụ nke Arctic Ocean bụ na-na oké weather arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ ekele dị otú ahụ a oyi ihu igwe dị na mmiri n'elu ọtụtụ nde afọ nke echekwara nnukwu kpụkọrọ. The pola mpaghara nwere nnukwu ụkọ nke anyanwụ okpomọkụ.

Na ọtụtụ n'ime oké osimiri e nwere a kacha nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdịda. Na oyi, na mmiri ebe na-mikpuru ke ọnwa-ogologo pola n'abalị.

N'elu ikpeazụ iri na ise na narị afọ nke ihu igwe na oké osimiri agbanweela maka njọ nke niile ude.