The Roman Catholic Church: ihe mere eme, nkọwa, na isi nke nsọ

Ikekwe otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu Christian ụka bụ Roman Catholic Church. Ọ diverged si general direction of Christianity ọbụna anya narị afọ ndị mbụ nke ya na omume. Okwu "Catholic" na-ewepụtara okwu Grik bụ "eluigwe na ala" ma ọ bụ "eluigwe na ala". Maka ozi ọzọ banyere mmalite nke chọọchị ahụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ya atụmatụ anyị na-atụle n'isiokwu a.

mbido

History nke Roman Catholic Church-amalite na 1054, mgbe mere, nke nọgidere na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị na-akpọ "Great ubahade". Mgbe Katọlik adịghị agọnahụ na niile ihe tupu gbawara n'etiti - na ha mere eme. Dị nnọọ site na oge ha gara ha onwe ha ụzọ. N'afọ ahụ ka onyeisi ndị bishọp na Pope gbanwere egwu akwụkwọ ozi na-arara ya nye onye ọ bụla ọzọ anathema. Mgbe na Christianity emecha kewaa na kpụrụ abụọ okwukwo - Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na Okpukpe Katọlik.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke gbawara n'etiti nke Kraịst na chọọchị gbapụrụ Western (Catholic) direction, nke bụ ebe a na Rome, na Eastern (Orthodox), hiwere na Constantinople. N'ezie, o doro anya kpatara nke a ihe ndị dị iche iche na-ekwesi olu ike na mejupụtara ihe, nakwa dị ka ememe okpukpe na inye, nke malitere ogologo oge tupu ụbọchị ahụ. Na afọ a, esemokwu na nghọtahie peaked.

Otú ọ dị, n'ezie na ọ bụ miri nnọọ emi, ma ọ bụ na-dị nnọọ iche nke nkwenkwe na n'ụkpụrụ iwu, ma na-na-emebu see okwu n'etiti ndi-isi (ọbụna na chọọchị) banyere ala na-adịbeghị anya e mere baptizim. Ọzọkwa na-emegide nnọọ ike-enwe mmetụta ahaghị ọnọdụ nke pope na onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Constantinople, dị ka a n'ihi nke nkewa nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, ọ na-kewaa abụọ n'akụkụ - East na West.

Ọwụwa anyanwụ na-ogologo oge ịnọgide na-enwe onwe ha, otú ahụ ka onyeisi, ọ bụ ezie na-achịkwa eze ukwu ahụ, ma o nwere nchedo na ihu nke ala. West nwekwara kwụsịrị ịdị adị ugbua na V na narị afọ, ndị Pope natara a ogo nke onwe, ma ohere imegide obi fere azụ na-ekwu na pụta si mbụ Western Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Naanị na n'etiti nke Asatọ na narị afọ, ndị Pope ọkọnọ ala, nke na-akpaghị aka na-eme ka ya a ego Ọkaakaa.

The ugbu a mgbasa nke Katọlik

Iji ụbọchị, okpukpe Katọlik - bụ kasị ọtụtụ alaka nke Kraịst, nke na-agbasa gburugburu ụwa. N'ihi na afọ 2007 na mbara ala anyị, e nwere ihe dị 1.147 ijeri ndị Katọlik. The ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu n'ime ha na Europe, bụ ebe ọtụtụ mba okpukpe a bụ obodo ma ọ bụ na-enwe mmeri ndị ọzọ (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, na ndị ọzọ.).

Na Amerika, Katọlik ebe nile. Na-eso ụzọ okpukpe a pụrụ ịchọta ndị Asian Afrika - na Philippines, East Timor, China, South Korea, Vietnam. Na Muslim mba, ọtụtụ ndị Katọlik, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ebi Lebanon. Ha na-nkịtị na Afrika (site na 110 na 175 nde).

Esịtidem management unit nke Church

Ugbu a ọ dị mkpa ịtụle ihe bụ ndutịm unit nke ntụziaka nke Christianity. Pope nke Roman Catholic Church - bụ ndị kasị elu ikike na hierarchy, nakwa dị ka ikike n'elu nkịtị na ndị ụkọchukwu. Hoputara isi nke Roman Catholic Church na conclave na College of kadinal. Na-emekarị, ọ retains ya ike ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya, ma e wezụga ziri ezi ịnapụ onwe onye. Ọ ga-kwuru na na Catholic-ezi Pope na-ewere na-erite nke Apostle Peter (ọ, na-enye Jizọs gwara-elekọta dum ụka), ya mere ike ya na mkpebi ndị adighi agha agha na eziokwu.

Ọzọkwa, na Ọdịdị nke ụka nwere ndị na-esonụ ọnọdụ:

• Bishop, nchụàjà, dikọn - ogo nchu-àjà.
• Cardinal, Akwa Bishop, Primate, Metropolitan, wdg - Ecclesiastical degrees na ọnọdụ (na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe).

Territorial nkeji ke Katọlik na-esonụ:

• Onye ụka akpọ eparchies, ma ọ bụ dioceses. Bishop edu ebe a.
• Special Diocese nke dị mkpa, a na-akpọ Archdiocese. Edu ha Akwa Bishop.
• Ụka ndị nke na-adịghị ọnọdụ nke diocese (n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla kpatara), a na-akpọ ndịozi administrations.
• Ọtụtụ dioceses Igbere na-akpọ Metropolitan. Ha center bụ diocese, na bishop onye nwere n'usoro nke Metropolitan.
• Parish - bụ ntọala nke uka o bula. Ha na-kpụrụ n'ime otu ebe (e.g., a obere obodo) ma ọ bụ n'ihi na general mba, asụsụ dị iche iche.

Ẹdude ụka ememe

Ọ ga-kwuru na Roman Catholic Church nwere ọdịiche na n'ememe n'oge nke ọrụ (ma ọ bụ ka ịdị n'otu n'okwukwe na omume). Ndị na-esonụ na-ewu ewu n'ememe:

• Latin;
• Lyon;
• Ambrose;
• Mozarabic, wdg

Ha dị iche nwere ike ịbụ na ụfọdụ inye ihe, na asụsụ nke na-agụ ozi, wdg

Mọnk iwu dị ka akụkụ nke ụka

N'ihi na obosara-nkọwa nke n'ụkpụrụ iwu nke Church ma na Chineke nkwenkwe Roman Catholic Church nwere dị ka otu narị na iri anọ okpukpe iwu na ha mejupụtara. Ha mere eme, ha ka a dị anya n'oge ochie. Anyị depụta kasị mara amara nke Order:

• Augustinians. Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amalite gburugburu V narị afọ na ide ụkpụrụ nke St. Augustine. Direct guzobe nke Order wee ebe ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị.
• Benedictines. Ọ bụ mbụ chie ike mọnk iji. Nke a ihe mere ná mmalite nke VI na narị afọ.
• Hospitallers. Knightly iji, nke malitere na 1080 na a Benedictine mọnk Gerard. Religious Order of n'akwụkwọ iwu nwere pụtara naanị na 1099.
• Dominicans. Mendicant iji, onye tọrọ ntọala Dominic de Guzman na 1215. The nzube nke ya e kere eke na - na mgba megide ndị jụrụ okwukwe ozizi.
• Jesuit. Nke a na-emekarị e guzobere 1540 site Pope Paul III. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya ghọrọ prosaic: agha megide na-eto eto ije nke Protestantism.
• Capuchins. Nke a iji e hiwere na Italy na 1529. Ya Nzube bụ isi bụ otu ihe ahụ - na mgba na Ndozigharị.
• Carthusians. The mbụ obibi ndị mọnk nke Order e wuru na 1084, ma ọ kwadoro ya naanị na 1176-m.
• Templars. Military iwu, ikekwe kasị mara amara na ekpuchiworị mysticism. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ mgbe e kere eke ghọrọ ọzọ agha karịa ndị mọnk. The nzube mbụ bụ ichebe njem ala nsọ na Ndị Kraịst si Alakụba na Jerusalem.
• Teutons. Ọzọ agha-mọnk iji onye tọrọ ntọala German agha ntụte na 1128.
• The Franciscans. The Order na e kere 1207-1209 afọ, ma e mma naanị na 1223-m.

Ke adianade iwu na Catholic Church bụ ndị na-akpọ Uniates - ndị kwere ekwe bụ ndị na-edebe ha omenala ofufe, ma o were ndị Katọlik, nakwa dị ka ikike nke pope. Ndị a gụnyere:

• Armenian Katọlik;
• Redemptorists;
• Belarusian Greek Catholic Church;
• Romanian Greek-Catholic Church;
• Russian Orthodox Catholic Church;
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

nsọ ụka

N'okpuru ebe anyị ga-ele anya na ihe ndị kasị ama nsọ nke Roman Catholic Church:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. Karl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• St. Augustine.

N'adịghị ka ndị Catholic Church si Orthodox

Ugbu a, ihe Russian Orthodox Church na Roman Catholic ụka dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ nke oge a version:

• Maka Orthodox Church si n'otu - ọ bụ okwukwe na sacraments, na ndị Katọlik ebe a na-agbakwunyere na infallibility nke Pope na inviolability nke ike.
• Maka Orthodox Catholic Church - ọ bụ ọ bụla chọọchị, nke na-gawa site a bishop. N'ihi na ndị Katọlik, ọ na-achọrọ na-ekwurịta okwu na Roman Catholic Church.
• The Orthodox Mmụọ Nsọ wee site n'aka Nna naanị. Katọlik - si na Nna ahụ na Ọkpara ya.
• Na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks alụkwaghịm kwere omume. Katọlik na-aju.
• Na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, na e nweghị ihe dị ka ihe purgatory. Nke a malitere izi ozizi kwusara Katọlik.
• Orthodox mara ịdị nsọ nke Virgin Mary, ma agọ ya N'Eburo njo ncheputa. Katọlik nwere nkwenkwe na Virgin Mary mụrụ dị ka Jesus.
• The Orthodox nwere a ememe nke malitere na Byzantium. Ke Katọlik, e nwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha.

ọgwụgwụ

N'agbanyeghị ụfọdụ iche iche, ndị Roman Catholic Church bụ ka a nwanna nwaanyị na okwukwe maka Orthodox. Nghọtahie na n'oge gara aga na-akọrọ Ndị Kraịst, ndị na-atụgharị ha n'ime ilu ndị iro, ma nke a ga-adịghị anọgide na taa.