United Arab Republic na ya mejupụtara. The uwe nke aka ya na-mkpụrụ ego nke ndị United Arab Republic

United Arab Republic e guzobere 1958 dị ka a akụkụ nke Ijipt na Syria, na kere ruo 1961, mgbe ikpeazụ hapụ ya mgbe kuu. Egypt nọgidere na-na eze maara dị ka ndị United Arab Republic ruo 1971.

ndabere na ijikọta

February 1, 1958 otu ìgwè nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha ndị ndú nke Syria nyere ndị Ijipt, President Gamal Abdel Nasser mmakọ nke mba abụọ dị ka a nzọụkwụ mbụ na ụzọ nnukwu pan-Arab ala.

Mmetụta dịrị n'otu niile Arab na-ahụkarị nnọọ ike na Syria, na Nasser bụ a na-ewu ewu ndú na Arab ụwa mgbe Suez War na 1956. Party nke Arab Socialist Renaissance (Baath) bụ isi Nkwado nke ndị dị otú a n'otu.

Mgbe ke Syria, e nwere a emegide nwee ume ya ọnọdụ Kọmunist na Party nke a na-achị achị Baath Party, nke enwetela ihe esịtidem nsogbu nke ya a ma ama na ndị òtù achọwo chọta nzọpụta n'ụdị njikọ aka ha na Egypt. Syria kemgbe a kwuo uche-mba ebe ọ bụ na nkwatu ndị agha ọchịchị na 1954, ma ndị agha wee na-egwu a kasị ọrụ na mba na niile etoju. Nke a amasịghị ndị adọrọ adọrọ na-ewekarị authoritarianism Nasser, onye na-agbalị inwe zuru Nsonye nke Syria na nke ugbu a n'okpuru idu ndú ya, "onye Ijipt" usoro ochichi.

Malite mkpakọrịta

Final okwu maka Nasser Union bụ oké mkpa na ndị na-abụghị agbanweli:

• referendum na ndị mmadụ support ịdị n'otu nke mba abụọ;
• na mgbasa nke ọzọ;
• ndọrọ ego nke ndị agha si na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Ezie na referendum yiri ihe ezi uche ụfọdụ kasị nke Siria J.Randall, abụọ ikpeazụ okwu nke ya nnọọ nsogbu n'obi. Ọtụtụ kweere na ha doo nwere ike ime na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ na Syria. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị na-akpata nchegbu, Siria isi maara na ọ bụ akaha na-atụgharị azụ. J.Randall na Syria na-ewere a mmakọ na Egypt ka nta nke abụọ ọjọọ, dị ka a ike iguzogide na-ewusi ike mmetụta nke ndị Kọmunist. Ha kweere na Nasser ọnọdụ ikenenke, ma, nyere ike mgbali n'ime mba ha, kweere na ha enweghị ndị ọzọ na-ahọrọ.

Ijipt President Nasser na Siria ndú Kuatli 01/02/1958 e banyere a mbido nkwekọrịta ka jikota mba ha dị iche. Ọ bụ ezie na a bịanyere aka nkwupụta pụtara na United Arab Republic bụ site Egypt na Syria, ma mesiri ya ike na na UAR nwere ike tinye ihe ọ bụla nke Arab mba. Ẹkenịmde na otu ọnwa, mba abụọ nyeghachiri ha nkwado maka Union referendums nke ha dị iche iche.

Nasser ghọrọ president nke United Arab Republic, na n'oge na-adịghị malitere ada megide Siria Kọmunist na-emegide nke n'otu, onye a chụrụ ha posts.

The n'ezie omume nke ewu usoro ọchịchị SAR

Na-akwado nke n'otu Egypt kweere na Nasser eji ha Baath Party ịchịkwa Syria (na foto dị n'okpuru ya na-egosi na ụlọ ọrụ na founders nke party na 1958). Nwute n'ihi Baathists, ihe o bu n'obi na-anọghị n'otu ike dokwara n'agbata ndị Ijipt na Siria. Nasser guzosie ike a ọhụrụ elebara n'usoro ochichi, dị ka nke United Arab Republic natara National Assembly (nzuko omeiwu) nke 600 òtù (400 n'Ijipt, na-200 si Syria), na etisasịwo niile Siria na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ, gụnyere ndị Baath. The naanị iwu otu ke United Arab Republic bụ pro-president National Union.

Syria na Ijipt bụ ndị abụọ ahaghị akụkụ UAR

Ọ bụ ezie na Nasser ma kwere mbụ òtù nke Baath Party ogide a ma ama na ọnọdụ na owuwu nke ike, ma ha emeghi ruru na ibu management na ha onwe ha na mba dị ka Ijipt-isi. Na oyi na mmiri nke 1959-60 gg. Nasser nwayọọ nwayọọ "squeezed" nke a ma ama na Siria mkpa ọnọdụ. Siria Ministry of Industry ihe atụ, asaa nke iri na atọ ọnọdụ e jupụta site Ijipt. The General Petroleum Administration, anọ nke n'elu isii ndú ahụ Ijipt.

Echekwa akakabarede UAR

Na June 1960, Nasser nwara mejuputa aku mgbanwe na ndị kwesịrị ime ka ndị Siria na aku na uba dabeere na onwe onwunwe, ka Egypt, dabeere na dominance nke ọha oru na ya. Nasser malitere-enwetụbeghị ụdị ife nke nationalization na Siria na na Egypt. Na nke a, uche nke Siria J.Randall anya. All na owu ahia e debere n'okpuru akara nke ọchịchị ya, e nwekwara nationalized niile ihe-mbupụ ike. Nasser mara ọkwa nationalization nke anoghi n'ulo oba, mkpuchi na ụlọ ọrụ na dum arọ ụlọ ọrụ. N'òkè 100 feddans (1 feddan = 4200m ²⁾ bụ isiokwu ndọrọ ego si nwe (peculiar ụdị "dekulakization" na Arabic). Ịtụ Ụtụ Isi na ndị nkịtị e sharply belata vpolot mezue ekpochapụ, na ụfọdụ. Devyanostoprotsentny tax e arụnyere na niile ego n'elu 10,000 Ijipt pound. Ọrụ na ọrụ e kwetara na enterprise management na nri na-enweta 25% nke ha uru. The nkezi oge na-ebelata ka awa asaa enweghị mbenata ụgwọ ọrụ.

Elu antiegipetskih mmetụta

Bụghị onye ọ bụla mmasị na Syria yiri mgbanwe na mmụọ nke "Arab socialism". Ndị ọrụ nche nke ndị agha Siria iwe ya ebutere guzo n'ihu Ijipt isi na Siria Bedouin ebo natara ego site Saudi Arabia iji gbochie ha na-aghọ-eguzosi ike n'ihe ka Nasser. Ke adianade do, ala mgbanwe na nke ndị Ijipt style ada ka onwu nke Siria ugbo, ndị Kọmunist ọzọ malitere iji nweta mmetụta, na ụbụrụ na-aghọ nke Baath Party, nke ibido akwado otu gbanwere ha na ọnọdụ.

N'otu oge ahụ na Egypt, ọnọdụ ahụ ka mma na-amụba GDP site 4.5% na-eto ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ site na mmepe nke ya Siria ahịa. Nke a na-enwe uto nke discontent na Syria.

Relations na ndị agbata obi

The e guzobere ọhụrụ United Arab Republic e aghọta ka a dị oké njọ n'ihe ize ndụ agbata obi alaeze (n'oge) - Iraq na Jordan. Syria hụrụ ka a na-enye ma monarchies ikwanye mgbanwe na a ndo ndi-nkekọta-eme megide Jordanian King Hussein na Iraqi edidem Faisal II. Egypt e weere dị ka a na steeti na-emegidekwa ndị West, na-akwado ma na-monarchical ọchịchị. Ya mere, United Arab Republic na Jọdan, atụle site Iraq dị ka a kpọmkwem iro. The mba abụọ nwere ugbua antinaserovsky agha jikọrọ aka a n'otu ọchịagha na otu agbachitere mmefu ego e guzobere February 1958, 80% n'ime ha bụ nke na-enye Iraq na ndị fọdụrụ 20% - Jordan. N'eziokwu, e nwere gọọmenti nke mba abụọ ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ngwa ngwa dara iche.

Keonyeiro nabatara ihe e kere eke nke UAR na ha gbara agbata obi Lebanon, onye president, Kamil Shamun, megidere Nasser. Na mba, clashes daa n'etiti ndị na-akwado nke accession na United Arab Republic na-akwado nke onwe.

Mgbanwe ke Iraq

July 14, 1958 Iraqi ọrụ haziri a kuu na kwaturu ọchịchị ndị eze na mba. Nasser ghọtara ozugbo na ọchịchị ọhụrụ na kwuru na "ọ bụla agha na Iraq ga-otu ihe onye agha na United Arab Republic." N'echi ya, US Marines na British agha rutere n'ebe Lebanon na Jordan iji chebe mba abụọ si agha pronaserovskih agha.

Nasser chere na United Arab Republic anya, e kwukwara a ọhụrụ so - Iraq. Otú ọ dị, ọhụrụ Iraqi na-edu ndú, ịhụ akara aka nke ha Siria ogbo na United Arab Republic, bụ onye na-adịghị nye elu ike. Na na 1959, na Iraqi Prime Minister Kassem kwụsịrị niile mkparita uka na accession na United Arab Republic.

Na 1963, mgbe na-abịa na ike na Siria na Iraq, nnọchiteanya nke Baath Party, a ọhụrụ iji dịrị n'otu mba ndị a na Egypt e-eme. Ọbụna ndị ndú nke mba atọ bịanyere aka a nkwonkwo mara na oruru nke Federation. Ma mgbe ahụ reunification esighị n'ihi ụfọdụ iche iche n'etiti mba banyere gosustroystve mba ọhụrụ.

The ida nke SAR na ya sequel

September 28, 1961 otu ìgwè nke ndị isi haziri a kuu na kwuru, bụ nnwere onwe pụọ United Arab Republic of Syria. Ezie na kuu ndú ahụ njikere ịnọgide na ịdị adị nke Union na ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ahụ na-etinye Syria na ihe hà footing na Egypt, ma Nasser jụrụ a ikwere. Ọ bu n'obi iziga ndị agha ịkwatu ọchịchị ọhụrụ, ma jụrụ ime nke a ka anya dị ka e asian na nke ikpeazụ n'ime ya jikọrọ aka na Syria ghọtara ọhụrụ ọchịchị. The okwu nke soro Siria mgbanwe, Nasser kwuru na ọ dịghị ihe ga-enye ha ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ikpeazụ pan-Arab mmekorita. Otú ọ dị, ọ gaghị nweta ọhụrụ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na-enwe ọganihu kwupụta ihe mgbaru ọsọ a.

Nasser na-enwe olileanya maka revival nke Union, ekere ke eziokwu na n'oge ya Egypt wee na-akpọ "SAR", nke kere ruo 1971.

A ọhụrụ iji dịrị n'otu Arab na-ekwu malitere ke 70s, Libyan ndú Muammar Gaddafi. Dị ka a N'ihi ya nke ya na mgbalị bịara Federation of Arab Republics na 1971 (AFD) dị ka akụkụ nke Libya, Egypt na Syria, nke kere ruo 1977 (na foto n'okpuru ndị ndú nke mba atọ bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta na Federation). Nke a akwụkwọ nke nke declarative uwa, ọ bụla general pa njikwa adịghị, na so n'òtù na-mgbe niile na-achọ ya ikwubi bilateral njikọ aka (Libya, Egypt, Syria, Egypt) n'ime etiti. Libya na Egypt nwere ọbụna a bit na-eme ụfọdụ na-alụ ọgụ 1977, ndị fọdụrụ na nnọọ.

United Arab Republic: uwe nke aka ya na-ọkọlọtọ

UAR nakweere a ọkọlọtọ dabeere na imewe nke Arab Ntọhapụ ọkọlọtọ-akpọlite n'oge Ijipt mgbanwe ke 1952, ma na abụọ kpakpando na-anọchi anya akụkụ abụọ nke United Arab Republic. Kemgbe 1980, ọ bụ ukara ọkọlọtọ nke Syria. Na 1963, Iraq nakweere a ọkọlọtọ na fọrọ nke nta yiri ka ọkọlọtọ nke United Arab Republic bụ ugbua defunct, ma na atọ na kpakpando, na-anọchi anya olileanya na a n'otu obodo ga-agbake.

SAR bụ uwe nke ogwe aka, Central ọgụgụ nke bu nke. A na-akpọ. Eagle nke Saladin - ugo, akuko mkpa kpụrụ ya akpụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mgbidi nke Cairo citadel wuru Saladin. On ugo ara bụ ọta atọ kwụ ọtọ acha n'ọnyá - acha uhie uhie, na-acha ọcha na nwa, na abụọ green kpakpando nke center ọcha straipu. Anọ ndị a na agba na-otú ahụ. A na-akpọ. "Pan-Arab agba", nke na agba nke dị iche iche ọkọlọtọ nke Arab Caliphate.

A green rịbọn na claws nke ugo Kaakwa ihe e dere na Arabic akwụkwọ ozi. "United Arab Republic"

Gịnị ego na-eje ije na a mmụta ọha na eze, dị ka United Arab Republic? Na mkpụrụ ego iche nke otu Ijipt pound na onye Siria Pound theoretically nwere ihe hà mgbasa ke United Arab Republic, ọ bụ ezie na ha hà n'ezie iji e metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na mkpa akụkụ nke mba.
The foto n'elu na-egosi na a na mkpụrụ ego nke otu pound, tọhapụrụ na United Arab Republic (Egypt) na 1970 mgbe ọnwụ nke President Nasser.