Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: biography, kee ihe nketa, onye ndụ

Voloshin Maksimilian (afọ nke ndụ - 1877 - 1932) - na-ede uri, omenka, art ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere, edemede nkatọ. Voloshin - a pseudonym. Ezigbo aha ya - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Nwata, na-amụrụ afọ

N'ọdịnihu na-ede uri a mụrụ na Kiev na 1877, 16 (28) nke May. Nna nna ya na nna nna ndị Zaporozhye Cossacks. Site na nne na ezinụlọ bụ ndị Germany, Russified na narị afọ nke 17. Maximilian efu nna ya 3 afọ. Na Moscow, nọrọ ya na nwata na-eto eto nke na-ede uri. Nne ya na 1893, enwetara na Feodosiya dị nso Koktebel ala. Ebe a, na 1897, Voloshin Maksimilian gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ banyere Moscow University (Faculty - Iwu). Maximilian dị ka a na-amụrụ ama abuana ke revolutionary eme. Ọ na-aka ke February 1900 All-Russian amụrụ iku. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a, nakwa dị ka a ọchịchọ n'ahụhụ na "ọjọọ anya nke ụwa," Voloshin Maximilian e kwụsịtụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

malite njem

Iji zere ndị kasị njọ na ya pụta, ọ gara na-ewu ụgbọ okporo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1900. Voloshin oge a, mgbe e mesịrị na-akpọ "bụrụkwa oge" na kpebisiri ike ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ndụ ime mmụọ. Na ewu, o nwere n'oge ochie, East Asia, na European omenala.

Otú ọ dị, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ familiarizing Maximilian ka rụzuru nke Western European ọgụgụ isi na nkà na omenala nke mbụ njem ọ na-aghọ ihe dị oké mkpa ebumnuche nke na-ede uri. Ọ bụ na afọ 1899-1900 na Italy, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary. Karịsịa Maximilian dọtara Paris. Nke a bụ ebe ọ hụrụ na etiti nke European, n'ihi ya na eluigwe na ala ndụ ime mmụọ. Maximilian Alexandrovich si Asia n'ihi egwu n'ihu mkpagbu, na o kpebie ịga na West.

Life na Paris, n'ihu njem, "na-ede uri na ulo" na Koktebel

Na Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (ya foto kwuru n'isiokwu a) gara ọtụtụ ugboro na oge site na 1901 ka 1916, m ndụ ebe a. N'etiti, ndị na-ede uri mere njem "oge ochie Mediterranean ụwa." Ke adianade do, ọ gara mbata ma Russian n'isi obodo. Voloshin n'oge ahụ biri na ya "na-ede uri na ulo" na Koktebel, nke ghọọ a ụdị omenala n'etiti, a ebe izu ike na ebe mgbaba edemede J.Randall. G. Shengeli, nsụgharị na-ede uri, na-akpọ ya "onye na Cimmerian Athens". N'oge dị iche iche n'ụlọ a gara Andrei Bely, Vyacheslav Bruce, Alexei Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, Anyanwụ dị Ivanov, Chukovsky, Mikhail Bulgakov na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ so dee, nka na ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Voloshin - a edemede nkatọ

Dị ka odeakụkọ nkatọ Voloshin Maksimilian mere ya mpụta mbụ ke 1899. Na magazin "Russian echiche" bịara ya obere review enweghị a mbinye aka. Na May 1900 a ogologo isiokwu akpọ "Na Defense nke Hauptmann" e bipụtara otu magazin. Ọ e banyere "Max. Voloshin." Isiokwu a bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na Russia manifestos nke modernist aesthetics. Mgbe ahụ bịara ya ọzọ isiokwu. Total Voloshin dere ha 36 - na Russian akwụkwọ, 35 - na French na Russian Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 28 - banyere French akwụkwọ, nakwa dị ka 49 isiokwu banyere ihe ndị mere na French omenala ndụ. Ha nakweere na kwusara nka ụkpụrụ nke modernism. Voloshin ọhụrụ edemede onu nke mba anyị (karịchaa ndị na-akpọ ihe tọrọ Symbolists) ẹkenam na onodu nke dịkọrọ ndụ European omenala.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, onye biography anyị na-enwe nchegbu, bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ gị n'ụlọnga, ndụmọdụ, entrepreneur, intercession na-ebipụta ọkachamara "Ọnwụ", "Scorpio" na Sabashnikovyh ụmụnna. Ya izi ozi ọ kpọrọ okpukpe Buddha, ime anwansi, Katọlik, theosophy, anwansi, Freemasonry. All a were Maximilian n'ọrụ ya site na oghere nke art. Karịsịa, ọ na-ekele "na pathos echiche" na "uri of echiche", otú ya isiokwu dị ka poems, na poems - na akwụkwọ (ọ we Ehrenburg, onye raara onwe ya edemede bipụtara na 1923 n'akwụkwọ "Portraits nke dịkọrọ ndụ na-ede uri") .

The mbụ amaokwu

Na mbụ, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ poems dere Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, a na-ede uri. Fọrọ nke nta niile ha nọ na-etinye na akwụkwọ ahụ, nke pụtara na 1910 ( "Poems. 1900-1910"). Hand "ere goodu", "ezi ukwu" hụrụ ya Bryusov. Voloshin chere ndị nkụzi ha virtuoso uri plastik zh. M. Eredia, Gauthier et al. Ede uri "Parnassian" si France. Na ọlu-ha na verlenovskim counterweight ka "music" direction. Nke a ji mara creativity Voloshin nwere ike ekewet ya mbụ collection, nakwa dị ka nke abụọ, nke e haziri site Maximilian ná mmalite 1920s na bụghị e bipụtara. Ọ na-akpọ "Selva oscura". Ọ gụnyere a uri kere na oge site na 1910 ka 1914. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bịara na mgbe e mesịrị na akwụkwọ họọrọ, nke pụtara na 1916 ( "ivernit").

Usoro na Verhaeren

O nwere ike ịbụ ogologo okwu banyere okike nke ndị dị otú ahụ a na-ede uri dị ka Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Biography chịkọtara n'isiokwu a nwere naanị ndị bụ isi banyere ya. Ọ ga-kwuru na o doro anya na na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nghazi nke na-ede uri na-aghọ kemgbe mmalite nke 1st World War, E. Verhaeren. Brusov Nyefe ya azụ ke akwụkwọ 1907 "Emile Verhaeren na Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian e doro agbawa mba. Voloshin onwe ya sụgharịa Verhaeren "si dị iche iche echiche" na "n'oge dị iche iche." Àgwà kwupụta ya, o kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya na 1919, "Verhaeren. Fate. Creativity. Nsụgharị."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - Russian na-ede uri bụ onye dere, poems banyere agha ahụ. Esịne ke collection na 1916 "Anno mundi ardentis", ha na-ahụ n'ụzọ zuru okè na-akụ verhanovskoy poetics. Ha esichara ihe oyiyi na usoro nke uri ihapu otutu okwu, nke na-anụ feature dum uri Maximilian revolutionary ugboro, agha obodo na ụdi afọ. Part nke poems dere n'oge ahụ, e bipụtara na a akwụkwọ na 1919, "Mmụọ Ọjọọ ntị chiri", ndị ọzọ akụkụ bụ na 1923, e bipụtara na Berlin n'okpuru aha "Poems nke oké ụjọ." Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ọrụ nọgidere na-agụ agụ.

Official mkpagbu

Na 1923 ọ malitere hounding Voloshin si kwuo. Aha ya na-echefu. Na USSR na oge site na 1928 ka 1961, otu akara nke na-ede uri adịghị na ebipụta. Mgbe Ehrenburg na 1961, nkwanye ùgwù zoro na ya memoirs banyere Voloshin, ya ozugbo triggered a nba A. Dymshitz, onye kwuru eziokwu na Maximilian bụ rụrụ nke obere na meghachi omume na-ezighị ezi na a mgbanwe.

Laghachi Crimea, agbalị imebi n'ime ebipụta

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1917, Voloshin laghachiri Crimea. Na ya autobiography nke 1925, o dere na ọ dịghịzi-ahapụ ya, na agaghị iga njem site na ọ makwaara. Tupu mgbe ahụ, o kwuru nke na-adịghị egosi na ọ bụla nke alụso ọzọ, ma ndụ naanị Russia na ịrụ ya; na o dere na ọ dị ya mkpa ịnọgide na Russia ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ. Voloshin House, emi odude ke Koktebel, nọgidere a hospice n'oge Civil War. N'ebe a, ha hụrụ ebe mgbaba na-ezo site na mkpagbu na-acha ọcha isi na ndị ndú nke red. Nke a Maximilian dere na ya 1926 uri "Ụlọ nke ndị na-ede uri." "Red Onye Ndú" bụ Bela Kun. Mgbe Wrangel e meriri, o site haziri ahazi agụụ na ụjọ gbara pacification nke Crimea. O doro anya na, dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka ibu na Kuhn n'oge Soviet oge Voloshin ụlọ e chebere, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ikwu nchekwa nyere. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghịkwa ya n'uru ma ọ bụ na-eche banyere V. Veresaeva, akpa na oge, ma ọ bụ ụdị nchegharị na imploring amasị L. Kamenev, ike nile ideologue (na 1924) bụghị aka Maximilian ezumike n'ime ebipụta.

Abụọ ntụziaka Voloshin echiche

Voloshin dere na amaokwu n'ihi na ọ bụ nanị ụzọ nke na-ekwupụta echiche ya. Na ha bugara ya na abụọ ntụziaka. First - historiosophical (akara aka nke Russia, bụ ọrụ nke were ya mgbe conventionally okpukpe agba?). The abụọ - mgbochi akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ nwere ike na-kwuru okirikiri "Ụzọ nke Cain", nke gosiri na echiche nke eluigwe na ala anarchism. The na-ede uri dere na na ndị a, ya site fọrọ nke nta niile ya na-elekọta mmadụ echiche, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ezighị ezi. Ọ ga-kwuru izugbe na-emegide onwe ụda nke okirikiri.

Ghọtara na-eleghara ndị ngwaahịa

Incoherence nke echiche, e ji mara nke Voloshin, ada mgbe ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị o kere eke na-aghọta na mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka a grandiloquent melodeclamation ( "Preosuschestvlenie", "Holy Russia", "Kitezh", "The Time of Angels," "The Wild Field"), aestheticized punditry ( "cosmos "" Leviathan "," Tanob "na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ nke" Ụzọ nke Cain "), okomoko stylization (" Dmetrius-Emperor "," Archpriest Habakkuk, "" Saint Seraphim, "" Legend of Inoke Epiphany "). O sina dị, ọ nwere ike kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị na-poems nke revolutionary oge e ghọtara dị ka a saa mbara ma kpọmkwem uri na-egosi (eg, typological osise "bourgeois", "Nledo", "The Red" et al., In-a me nkwupụta "na ala nke hell" na "njikere "achọghị masterpiece" Northeast "na ndị ọzọ ọrụ).

Isiokwu banyere nkà na sere ihe

Mgbe mgbanwe, ọrụ ya dị ka ihe art nkatọ kwụsịrị. Otú ọ dị, Maximilian bụ ike na-ebipụta 34 isiokwu na Russian ezi nkà, nakwa dị ka 37 isiokwu na French art. Ya mbụ monographic ọrụ ewepụtara Surikov, retains ya uru. The akwụkwọ "Mmụọ nke Gothic" fọdụrụ emechaghi. N'elu ya Maximilian-arụ ọrụ na 1912 na 1913.

Voloshin wee sere iji na-ekpe ikpe ndị ọkachamara banyere visual nkà. Dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ọ bụ a na nkà na-ese. Crimea akwarela Okirikiri, gbuo ha na uri ndị e dere, ghọrọ ya mmasị genre. Na 1932 (11 August) na Koktebel nwụrụ Maximilian Voloshin. Brief biography ya nwere ike a gbakwunyere na ihe ọmụma banyere ndụ ya, na-akpali eziokwu site na nke anyị na-ewetara n'okpuru.

Nti eziokwu si onwe ndụ Voloshin

Duel Voloshin na Nikolaya Gumileva ẹkenịmde na Black River, onye ebe Pushkin gbara Dantes. Ọ mere na 72 afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nakwa n'ihi na nke a nwaanyị. Otú ọ dị, akara aka na-ahụ abụọ a ma ama na-ede uri, ihe ndị Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich na Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. The na-ede uri, onye foto na-egosi n'okpuru, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Ha gbaa n'ihi Lizy Dmitrievoy. Ọ gara a N'ezie staroispanskoy na Old French akwụkwọ na Sorbonne. Nke mbụ nke girl n'agha Gumilyov. O wetara ya ileta Voloshin na Koktebel. Ọ atap girl. Nikolay Gumilyov hapụrụ ka o chere na o n'ekpere. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ a na-aga n'ihu mgbe a mgbe, na mesịrị duje a duel. The ikpe ikpe ka a izu njide nke Gumilev na Voloshin - na otu ụbọchị.

The nwunye nke mbụ Maksimiliana Voloshina - Margarita Sabashnikova. Na ya, ọ gara na nkuzi na Sorbonne. The alụmdi na nwunye, ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị dara iche - ọ dara na ịhụnanya na Vyacheslav Ivanov. Nwunye ya na-atụ aro Sabashnikova ndụ atọ. Otú ọ dị, ndị ezinụlọ nke "ọhụrụ ụdị" na-arụ ọrụ. Ya nke abụọ nwunye a nurse Maria Stepanova (nọchiri n'elu), na-elekọta ndị agadi na nne nke Maximilian.