World War II ọnụ. Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ - mere eme. Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ - na Soviet Union losses

Na mbara ala anyị maara ọtụtụ ndị na ọbara agha na agha. All anyị akụkọ ihe mere gụnyere dị iche iche internecine esemokwu. Kama ọ bụ naanị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe weere n'oge World War II na-amanye ndị mmadụ na-atụgharị uche na mkpa nke onye ọ bụla ndụ. Na mgbe ndị mmadụ malitere ịghọta otú mfe ọ bụ ịmịpụta akanade na ọ bụ ike ịkwụsị ya. Nke a agha gosiri mba nile nke ụwa, ọ dị mkpa maka ụwa nile.

The uru nke na-amụ ihe nke abụọ na narị afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na-eto eto mgbe ụfọdụ na-adịghị aghọta ihe dị iche na n'etiti Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya na World War II. History na afọ mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọtụtụ ugboro rewritten, otú na-eto eto na-adịghị nnọọ mmasị ndị anya ihe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ọbụna maara n'ezie ndị so na ihe omume ndị ahụ na weere na World War II ahụhụ ụmụ mmadụ. Ma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba nwere ike agaghị echefu echefu. Ọ bụrụ na taa na-ekiri American fim banyere Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, otu nwere ike na-eche na naanị ekele na US Army ka o kwe omume mmeri Nazi Germany. Ọ bụ ya mere ọ dị mkpa ime ka anyị na-eto eto ọrụ nke Soviet Union na ndị a mwute ihe. N'ezie, onye kasị ukwuu weere na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na ọ tara ahụhụ ndị USSR.

Prerequisites nke kasị wụfuo ọbara agha

The agha n'etiti abụọ ụwa agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị coalitions, nke bụ nnukwu mgbuchapụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ mmadụ amalitela 1. 09. 1939 (dị iche na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, nke e kere si 22. 06. 1941 ka 05. 8. 1945 g). Ọ biri naanị 2. 09. 1945 N'ihi ya, nke a agha kere 6 afọ. Na-akpata a ogu dịtụ. Ndị a gụnyere: a miri emi zuru ụwa ọnụ nsogbu na aku na uba, na ike ike iwu nke ụfọdụ na-ekwu, mmetụta ọjọọ nke ugbu a n'oge nke Versailles-Washington usoro.

Sonyere na nke mba esemokwu

Na a ogu ka a ukwuu ma ọ bụ nta ruo n'ókè, 62 mba ndị aka. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ n'oge na ụwa, e nwere ngụkọta nke 73 kwụụrụ. Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ wee ebe na kọntinent atọ. Naval agha ndị a lụrụ na-anọ oké osimiri (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific na Arctic). Number nke agha mba gbanwere ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge agha. Ụfọdụ na-ekwu aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike hostilities, ebe ndị ọzọ nanị ọlị iji nyere ha coalition allies (ígwè, ngwá, nri).

The mgbochi Hitler mmekota

Ná mmalite, e nwere ndị 3 ala na mmekota: Poland, France, United Kingdom. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ mgbe ọgụ na mba ndị a Germany malitere iduziri ifịk ọgụ arụmọrụ na ókèala nke mba ndị a. Na 1941, n'oge agha ji mba ndị dị ka ndị USSR, na USA, China. Ọzọkwa, mmekota sonyeere Australia, Norway, Canada, Nepal, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, Union of South Africa, San Marino na Turkey. Na otu ogo ma ọ bụ ọzọ mmekota allies nchara na mba ndị dị ka Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Nicaragua , Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia. Ha sonyeere Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mongolia. N'oge agha, na mgbochi Hitler mmekota e sonyeere ndị States nke akwụsịwo-ejikọ aka nke Germany. Nke a Iran (ebe 1941), Iraq na Italy (ebe 1943), Bulgaria na Romania (na 1944), Finland na Hungary (1945).

World War II (German allies)

On n'akụkụ nke Nazi Bloc bụ mba ndị dị ka Germany, Japan, Slovakia, Croatia, Iraq na Iran (ruo mgbe 1941), Finland, Bulgaria, Romania (ruo 1944), Italy (ruo 1943), Hungary (ruo 1945), Thailand (Siam), Manchukuo. Na ụfọdụ nwere n'ókèala ndị mmekota kere a popet ala, nke ihe fọrọ enweghị mmetụta na ụwa arena agha. Ndị a gụnyere: The Italian Social Republic, Vichy France, Albania, Serbia, Inner Mongolia, Montenegro, Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam na Laos. On n'akụkụ nke Nazi Bloc mgbe agha dị iche iche collaborationist agha site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bi agha mba. The kasị n'ime ha bụ Ron, Roa, SS Division site mba ọzọ (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian, Estonian, Norwegian, Danish, 2 Onye Belgium, Dutch, Latvian, Bosnia, Albanian na French). Na n'akụkụ nke a unit agha ọrụ afọ ofufo agha na-anọpụ iche mba ndị dị ka Spain, Portugal na Sweden.

The esi nke agha

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ihe karịrị afọ nke World War II ọtụtụ ugboro gbanwere itinye n'ọnọdụ na ụwa ogbo, n'ihi na ọ bụ nke zuru ezu mmeri nke mgbochi-Hitler mmekota. (- UN abbreviated) Mgbe nke a gasịrị isi mba òtù nke United Nations e kere. The N'ihi nke mmeri n'agha a bụ ikpe nke Nazi echiche na Nazi ban n'oge Nyurbergskogo usoro. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụwa esemokwu budata ebelata France na Britain ọrụ na ụwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na United States na Soviet Union ghọrọ ezigbo superpowers, nkerisi n'etiti onwe ha ndị ọhụrụ na ngalaba nke mmetụta. mba abụọ nke n'ogige ahụ melite na emegidekwa usoro ọchịchị (ikeketeorie na socialism). Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nile planet malitere alaeze ukwu decolonization oge.

agha

Germany, World War II nke bụ iji na-ọbụ superpower, akada na-alụ ọgụ mgbe na ise ebe:

• Western Europe: Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, France.
• Mediterranean: Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Libya, Egypt, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq.
• Eastern European: na USSR, Poland, Norway, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Yugoslavia, Barents, Baltic na Black Sea.
• Africa: Ethiopia, Somalia, Madagascar, Kenya, Sudan, Equatorial Africa.
• Pacific (na mmekota na Japan): China, Korea, South Sakhalin, Far East, Mongolia, na Kuril Islands, Aleutian Islands, Hong Kong, Indochina, na Andaman Islands, Burma, Malaya, Sarawak, Singapore, Gollandaskaya East Indies, Brunei, Papua New Guinea , Sabah, Papua, Guam, na Solomon Islands, Hawaii, na Philippines, Midway, Mariana na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Pacific Islands.

The mmalite na ọgwụgwụ nke agha

The mbụ ọnwụ na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere na-agba ọsọ site na mbuso agha nke German agha na ókèala Poland. Hitler ka ogologo iduba maka agha na ala. 31. 08. 1939 German pịa kọrọ kpọọ nke Polish agha redio dị Gleiwitz (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ a iwe saboteurs), dị ka n'oge dị 4:00 am 1. 09. 1939 agha "Schleswig-Holstein" malitere-akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ ike na Westerplatte (Poland). Ọnụ na agha ogide Slovakia Germany ghọrọ onye ọzọ n'ókèala. France na Britain choro na Hitler ndọrọ ego nke ndị agha si Poland, ma ọ jụrụ. Ugbua 09. 3. 1939 France, Australia, England, New Zealand kwuru agha Germany. Mgbe ahụ sonyeere ha Canada, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa, Nepal. Ya mere ngwa ngwa malitere nweta ọkụ ọbara World War II. USSR, ezie, me ihe ngwa ngwa ndabere conscription, ka 22. 06. 1941 na-adịghị kwuru agha Germany. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1940 Hitler ama agha malitere na-arụ nke Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg na Netherlands. Ọzọkwa, ndị agha Germany gara France. Na June 1940, na Hitler n'akụkụ wee malite ibuso Italy. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1941 , Nazi Germany ngwa ngwa jide Greece na Yugoslavia. 22. 06. 1941, ọ wakporo USSR. Na German n'akụkụ ndị a agha ndị Romania, Finland, Hungary, Italy. Na niile Soviet-German n'ihu, agha ruo 70% nke niile n'ọrụ Nazi nkewa. The imeri onye iro na agha nke Moscow dọwara aha ọjọọ Hitler atumatu - "Blitzkrieg" (àmụmà agha). Na a na-ama na 1941, ọ malitere e kere eke nke na-emegide Hitler mmekota. 12. 7. 1941, mgbe Japanese agha na Pearl Harbor batara agha na ndị US. The agha nke mba a ruo ogologo oge otụhọde iro ya naanị na Pacific Ocean. A na-akpọ nke abụọ n'ihu Great Britain na United States kwere nkwa na-emeghe n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1942. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe ndị kasị oké na-alụ ọgụ na ókèala ndị Soviet Union, mgbochi Hitler mmekota mmekọ adịghị kwa ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọgụ arụmọrụ ke Western Europe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na United States na England chere ngụkọta attenuation nke USSR. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe o doro anya na ndị Soviet Army ngwa ngwa amalite hapụ bụghị naanị n'ókèala ha, ma na-na Eastern Europe, ndị jikọrọ aka ngwa ngwa na-emeghe nke abụọ n'ihu. Ọ mere na 6. 06. 1944 (2 afọ mgbe e kwere ná nkwa ụbọchị). Site na oge na Anglo-American mmekota chọrọ ịtọhapụ Europe si akpa German agha. N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ndị ha jikọrọ aka, na Soviet Army mbụ nwere Reichstag, ebe na kowe ha ọkọlọtọ nke mmeri. Ma ọbụna adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ ọ chịlie aka elu nke Germany, kwụsịbeghị Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ hostilities nọ Czechoslovakia. Ọzọkwa na Pacific fọrọ nke nta ka ịkwụsị ịlụ agha. Nanị mgbe bombu nke Hiroshima atọm bombs n'obodo (08. 6. 1945) na Nagasaki (9. 08. 1945), rụrụ site na America, na Japanese eze ukwu ghọtara efu nke n'ihu eguzogide. The agha gburu ihe 300 puku. Nkịtị. Nke a ọbara mba esemokwu biri naanị 2. 09. 1945 Nke a ụbọchị Japan bịanyere aka ngwá nke chịlie aka elu.

The tara nke ụwa ọgụ

The mbụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ weere na World War II ahụhụ Polish ndị mmadụ. The agha nke mba a ike n'iru a ike iro na ihu nke German agha. Nke a agha nwere na-enweghị atụ mmetụta na mmadụ niile. The agha a haziri banyere 80% niile ndị bi n'ụwa n'oge ahụ (karịa 1.7 ijeri. Pers.). Military omume mere na ihe karịrị mba 40. Maka 6 afọ nke ụwa esemokwu na agha nke niile ụsụụ ndị agha a chịkọtara gburugburu 110 nde. Pers. Dị ka ọhụrụ mmadụ weere ego ka banyere 50 mln. People. N'otu oge ahụ na n'ihu na e gburu na 27 nde. Pers. The ike nke metụtara bụ ndị nkịtị. Ọtụtụ mmadụ efu ka mba dị ka USSR (27 nde.), Germany (13 mln.), Poland (6 nde.), Japan (2.5 nde.), China (5 nde.). Ọnụ ọzọ mmụọ ịlụ ọgụ mba: Yugoslavia (. Nde mmadụ 1.7), Italy (. 0,5 nde), Romania (. 0,5 nde), na UK (. 0.4 nde), Greece (0.4 nde. ), Hungary (0.43 nde.), France (0.6 nde.), na USA (0.3 nde.), New Zealand, Australia (40 ths.), Belgium (88 ths.), Africa (10 puku )., Canada (40 ths.). The Nazi n'ogige ịta ahụhụ karịa nde 11. People e gburu.

Weere si mba esemokwu

Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya ihe weere me ndi mmadu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. History na-agba akaebe na 4 puku ijeri dollar, nke gara agha emefu ego. Anyị agha na-ekwu, ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ mere banyere 70% nke mba ego. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ụlọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ mba e kpamkpam re-gbakwasara na mmepụta nke na ngwá agha. N'ihi ya, United States, USSR, United Kingdom na Germany n'oge agha na-emepụta ihe karịrị 600 puku ọgụ na iga ugbo elu. Ngwá Agha Ụwa nke maka 6 afọ aghọwo ihe irè na-egbu egbu. The kasị amamiihe uche ndị na-ebu agha mba nwere naanị site ya mma. Ọtụtụ ọhụrụ na ngwá agha na-amanye gbagote na World War II. Tankị na Germany na Soviet Union mgbe niile kwalite n'oge nile nke agha. Na nke a, ọ na-emepụta mgbe ọzọ ọkaibe igwe ibibi onye iro. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na ọtụtụ puku mmadụ. N'ihi ya, naanị armored ugbo ala, tankị, onwe-propelled egbe na-chụọ n'ọrụ karịrị 280 puku C conveyors agha osisi rịdata n'elu 1 nde dị iche iche ogbunigwe iberibe ..; banyere 5 nde egbe .; 53 Mill. Égbè, carbines na égbè. Nnukwu mbibi na mbibi nke ọtụtụ puku obodo na ndị ọzọ na niile mere ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ mmadụ na-enweghị ya pụrụ esiwo a kpamkpam dị iche iche dịruru ná njọ. Ọ na-wetara ha development n'ihi ya na mba niile ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Iwepụ mmetụta nke mba agha ogu hapụrụ nnukwu ichekwa ego na-amanye ọtụtụ nde mmadụ.

weere nke USSR

Dị nnọọ elu price nwere na-akwụ ụgwọ maka na ngwa ngwa biri Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Soviet weere dịrị banyere 27 nde. Pers. (N'ikpeazụ na 1990). Dị mwute ikwu na, na-ezi ihe data bụ ugbua eleghi anya na-aga nke ọma, ma nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha ezi. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche atụmatụ nke weere nke USSR. N'ihi ya, lere ya anya na gburu ma ọ bụ nwụrụ nke ọnyá site na nke ikpeazụ usoro banyere 6.3 nde.; 0,5 nde mmadụ si ọrịa ikpe ọnwụ gburu ihe mberede .; 4.5 nde. Efu na POWs. General omume igwe mmadụ weere nke Soviet Union ihe karịrị 26,6 nde. Pers. Na mgbakwunye na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị e mesoro na a ogu, na Soviet Union ahụhụ nnukwu ego losses. Dị ka mgbawa ha mere ihe karịrị 2.6 puku ijeri. Ete. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ anọwo na-ezughị ezu ma ọ bụ kpam kpam-ebibi ọtụtụ narị obodo. On ihu nke ụwa e kpochapụrụ karịa 70 puku obodo nta. 32 000 nnukwu ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ e bibiri kpam kpam. Ọ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam bibiri ugbo, na European akụkụ nke USSR. On nwughari nke mba-eji na o were ọtụtụ afọ nke nnukwu mgbalị na nnukwu-akwụ ụgwọ.