The Vienna Convention 1961 on diplomatic: mkpa na ọrụ

Iri na asatọ n'ụbọchị April e banyere ndị Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relations. Ọ na-e usoro oruru na nchupu, na nguzobe nke nnọchiteanya itieutom na niile ha ọrụ, oruru nke diplomatic ọmụmụ - n'Aka d'Affaires, Minister na nnochite anya, nyere iwu nzere ntozu nke isi nke diplomatic ọzọ na ha nọ n'okpuru mkpara.

immunities

Convention kọwara ọgụ na ihe ùgwù nke diplomatic onodi n'ozuzu, na karịsịa onye immunities na oru na ndị diplomatic ùgwù. The kasị mkpa a na-ewere ike n'ezi ihe nke ụlọ. The Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relations machibidoro ndị ọchịchị nke na-anata State ịbanye enweghị nkwenye nke isi nke ozi. Kama nke ahụ, ndị ọchịchị ga-echebe ndị ozi ọ bụla intrusion ma ọ bụ ọbụna obere mmebi, maka imebi yiri obi iru ala. Diplomatic ùgwù na immunities na ìhè nke ndokwa nke Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations nke 1961 wetara na-eziga State, na ọbụna ọtụtụ taboo ọrụ.

The ogige nke ndị ozi na-apụghị imezu a search, requisition, na-ekekọta ma ọ bụ dị ka. Inviolable na-aghaghị ịbụ post ọfịs, na ndị ọzọ na mmekọahụ ha ala. Staff na ndị ezinụlọ ha na-enweta nke a nri: ha àgwà na inviolability nke obibi na ikike nke mba obibi. Ọrụ ime ụlọ hapụrụ tax on enwetakwa. The Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relations nwere ihe abụọ nhọrọ ogbugba ndu: onye amaala iwu nke mba anaghị emetụta, na ikike nke International Court nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi a chọrọ.

diplomatic iwu

Nke a bụ akụkụ nke mba iwu na a set nke iwu na-ezipụta na oge ịgba ọnọdụ na ọrụ nke ala ozu mpụga mmekọahụ. Ebe a full nnabata ya na isi diplomatic iche: bilateral diplomacy site pụrụ iche ọzọ, Multilateral diplomacy na-rụrụ site na mbon nke sessions akụkụ nke mba òtù ma ọ bụ nnọchiteanya itieutom nke mba mgbe niile na mba òtù.

Isi contractual ngwá - na Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relations. Na 1969, ndị Hague Convention na-iwere na pụrụ iche ọzọ, na na 1975 na Vienna, - na Convention on na eluigwe na ala ọdịdị nke mmekọrịta ọzọ na mba na òtù. Nke a abụghị nke mbụ Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Vienna ugboro abụọ kwadoro nnọchiteanya nke mba. The Russian Federation abuana ke abụọ Vienna Mgbakọ.

Politics of Mpụga Relations

The ozu mpụga mmekọahụ na-ekewa mba ọzọ na anụ ụlọ. Nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye ndị kasị elu ọchịchị ahụ na-ekpebi ndị mba ọzọ amụma nke ala, a mkpokọta ma ọ bụ a ọbụ isi nke ala na-anọchi anya mba na mba arena, ndị ọchịchị, na-edu mba ọzọ amụma na ikike nke ndị ọchịchị - Ozi nke Foreign Affairs.

Mba ozu nke mpụga mmekọahụ nwere ike ịbụ nwa oge ma ọ bụ na-adịgide adịgide. The ikpeazụ - nke a bụ ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo ma ọ bụ ozi, onodi mba na mba na òtù, consulates. Nwa Oge - a pụrụ iche mbon ma ọ bụ ozi mba na mba ozu ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ ihe.

Ọrụ na Ọdịdị

Mee diplomatic mmekọahụ n'etiti ndị na-ekwu gbanwere ọzọ pụrụ iche ndokwa na-akwanyere ndị isi nke nnọchiteanya klas. Ebe a, e nwere atọ etoju: n'Aka d'Affaires, Ụkọ, nnochite anya. Dị nnọọ ọka iwu ga-ike oké si na-ana d'Affaires, onye na-anọghị nke nnọchiteanya na-eme ọrụ ya. 1961 Vienna Convention mata atọ ọmụmụ: ndị nnọchiteanya nyere ikike ịbụ site ndi isi nke State, na ihe-ndebe d'affaires - Ozi nke Foreign Affairs.

N'ohu na Ọdịdị nke diplomatic onodi kpebisiri ike dị na anụ ụlọ iwu nke accrediting mba. Ndị ọrụ na-nwere atọ ige: na mgbakwunye na nke diplomatic nwere ndutịm na oru (coders, accountants, ndị nsụgharị, ọrụ nke Office na na) na nkwado mkpara (osi ite, nche, diraiva mmadu, ubi, wdg). Diplomatic mkpara ga-inviolable na bụghị n'okpuru omenala nnyocha. The abụọ na nke atọ na edemede nke mkpara na-ebu ụdị nile nke ihe maka Akwanyere bụ ekwe omume, ma site omenala ha na-agaghị anaghị eso. The Vienna Convention (1961), na ya bara uru bụ nnọọ anya na ghaghị inyocha site States Nnọkọ Oriri na Ọṅụṅụ.

Establishment eme. agrément

Diplomatic mmekọahụ e hiwere ma na itieutom na guzosie ike naanị site nkwekọrịta nke mba. Ma, n'agbanyeghị, mbụ ọ bụghị mgbe niile gụnyere nke abụọ. Diplomatic mmekọahụ nwere ike ike ike, na-enweghị alụmdi na onodi, Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) kpọmkwem na-enye na. Nzube na nnabata nke a diplomatic nnọchiteanya - a nzere ntozu. E nwere ihe anọ nkebi:

1. Agrement. Nkwenye nke na-anata State maka nhọpụta nke a akpan akpan onye na otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, na nri nke jụrụ nke mba bụ. Agrement arịrịọ bụ nzuzo na bụchaghị ide. Na nnata nke nkwenye (agrément) isi ihe yiri ga-akpaghị aka na- persona jụrụ ajụ (persona jụrụ ajụ na Latin - chọrọ onye).
2. The ukara nhọpụta nke isi nke ozi.
3. Abịa na State of ebe.
4. Ngosi aka site isi nke ala nke nzere - ikike n'ozuzu.

Sochiri kpọmkwem ogbugbu nke ọrụ ha.

cessation nke ọrụ

Mission kwụsị na diplomatic nnọchiteanya a ezi ihe mere (ezumike nká, ọrịa, a ọhụrụ oru), na tụziri ya onwe ya ala. N'ọnọdụ ọzọ, mgbe ụzọ na-abịa site mba, bụ ude nke a diplomaati ekwesighi onye (ndị a jụrụ ajụ) ma ọ bụ dismisla ikpe - ruo mgbe o nwere diplomatic ọgụ mgbe ọ na-kwuru, mmadu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ a diplomaati si jụrụ ịrụ ọrụ ahụ.

Nke Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations na fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla nke ike ka ike na-akwanyere mba guzosie diplomatic ozi, ya nyere. Nchupu ọrụ niile itieutom ruru ka a agbawa nke niile mmekọahụ n'etiti mba abụọ (fọrọ nke nta ka a nkwupụta nke agha), ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ mba 'na-akwụsị ịdị adị. Ọzọkwa kwụsị arụmọrụ ụlọ ọrụ bụ na-akwadoghị mgbanwe ọchịchị ma ọ bụ na ikpe nke na-elekọta mgbanwe.

Special ọzọ

Diplomatic ozi nwere ike ọkwa dị iche iche dị ka mba omenala, na-enwe mmeri na mpaghara ebe a. Nke a ozi, nke na-zitere site na steeti dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu na ịrụ dị iche iche ihe aga-eme. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọzọ na-zigara ọtụtụ mba, ma ọ bụrụ na ajụjụ bụ nke general mmasị. The isi nke mba ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-edu a ozi, nakwa dị ka Minista mba, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ elu-larịị nnọchiteanya bụchaghị enwe ọ bụla ala ọgụ na ihe ùgwù.

Ókè nke ihe ùgwù na immunities na-adịghị doro anya na tọrọ, ma ndị isi nke obodo na ndị ọzọ ahụ nke ọkwá dị elu nwere ike kpọrọ ihe niile ajụjụ metụtara nke a chọrọ ma na-ekweta na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, e nweghị nweela ka diplomatic ọgụ e mebiri site na ikike nke ọ bụla plan - omempụ, nhazi ma ọ bụ obodo. Ikpe ikpe site ogologo oge kwuru, otu omenala ùgwù nyere ekwuchitere mba na zuru. Ọ bụrụ na a onye nke ọkwá kasị elu nke diplomatic ọzọ eme adịghị, mgbe ha ọnọdụ bụ ka yiri ọnọdụ nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ udi nke pesonel nke diplomatic ozi.

immunities mgbochi

Ụfọdụ na-agaghị emeli nke ùgwù na immunities dị ka enen ke Vienna Convention adịghị zuru ezu ziri ezi. The Soviet Union na-banye mbono n'ihi esemokwu na okwu na isiokwu 25, nke na-enye maka inviolability nke ogige nke pụrụ iche ozi. The Convention enye ohere dị na ebe ndị a site ọchịchị obodo ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọkụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ọdachi, na-enweghị nkwenye nke isi nke ozi. Fire nwere ike ịbụ na-akpata ọrịa nke ọgụ.

ikuikpe

Nkeji edemede 31 nke Vienna Convention, nke na-edepụta ọgụ site na ikike nke mba dippersonala òtù nile nke ozi, Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ike na kpọmkwem dippersonam nwere ike sued, na-ekwu na-emebi bụrụ na nke mberede ndị ugbo ala, nke e ji mee ihe karịrị ha ukara ọrụ.

Accession na Convention

The Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relations enye maka oghere maka mbinye aka bụghị niile edemede nke mba. N'ókèala ga-òtù nke United Nations ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ, na-ekere òkè na iwu nke International Court nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi ma ọ bụ na a kpọrọ òkù site na UN General Assembly. Nke a nri a na-kenyere na Articles 48 (akwụkwọ 1961) na 76 (1963 akwụkwọ).

Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ihi na nke a mere na South Osisha na-adịghị ẹdi a party na Vienna Convention. South Ossetian nzuko omeiwu kwuputa na obodo ha adịghị ada n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke edemede na na ụfọdụ isiokwu nke Convention ndị doro anya ịkpa ókè. Ma South Osisha aghọwo a party na Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961), ma ugbu a, ọ bụ ndị a akwụkwọ unilaterally.