Zhivkov Todor: biography, ezinụlọ

Zhivkov, Todor Hristov bụ a Bulgarian ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na onye ndú nke ọtụtụ afọ (site na 1954 ruo 1989) nke Bulgarian Communist Party. N'ime afọ 35 nke otu onye ndú, ọ bụ Central mkpebi ọnọdụ na mba: Prime Minister (1962-1971) na onyeisi oche nke State Council nke Ndị mmadụ Republic of Bulgaria (1971-1989), ie de facto na de jure, ọ bụ isi nke ala.

Background, agụmakwụkwọ na-eto eto

The omumu nke Todor Zhivkov? Ya biography malitere September 7, 1911 na obodo nke Pravets, nso Sofia, na nwoke onye oru ugbo ezinụlọ. Na 1928 ọ ghọrọ onye Bulgarian Communist Youth League, nke a na-akpachi anya na Bulgarian Ọrụ 'Party (BRP). Nke a iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nzukọ e kere mgbe mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1924, na Bulgarian Communist Party, haziri na September 1923 agha nnupụisi ẹkemụm ike na mba.

Todor Zhivkov gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Pravets na 1929 na mgbe na-amụ na 6 (taa 10 nke) afọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Botevgrad. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gara biri na Sofia, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu, mgbe ahụ, wee na-arụ ọrụ dị ka typefounder mepere ala-ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ.

Mmalite nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Na 1932 Zhivkov Todor ghọrọ onye òtù nke BRP. Ọ-adịghị anya wee a so na Sofia Party Committee na Secretary nke abụọ Committee Bureau. Nzuzo ya aha bụ "Yanko." Ọ bụ ezie na BRP na iwu na ndị niile ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ mgbe nsogbu nke May 19, 1934, ma wee na-na National Assembly, na Zhivkov na prewar oge ama abuana ke ọrụ ya, n'otu oge dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke district kọmitii nke CVT na Sofia. Site July 1938 ka November 1942, o zoro na ụfọdụ Bulgarian obodo nta (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) na nwunye ya Maroy Maleevoy, na-arụ ọrụ ha dị ka a GP.

The mgbanwe na njikere mgba megide ọchịchị

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị ọchịchị okirikiri nke Bulgaria gawa site Tsar Boris ndị jikọrọ aka nke Nazi Germany, nyere mba n'ókèala ebe ya agha. Bulgarian agha wakporo Yugoslavia na Greece e kwuru agha Great Britain na United States, ma n'otu oge Bulgaria jisiri bụghị ịga agha na USSR.

Bulgarian Kọmunist na mmalite nke World War II, malitere ike ha agha okpuru. Ebe ọ bụ na June 1943 Zhivkov Todor mkpebi nke Sofia Regional Committee of BRP a họpụtara a so na-arụ ọrụ nke mbụ Sofia nnupụisi ịkpa mpaghara. Ọ bụ geographically nzukọ Ọdịdị t. A na-akpọ. Ndị mmadụ Ntọhapụ Army, kere March 1943. Dị ka akụkụ nke mpaghara ejikwara abụọ partisan brigades, iri nkeji na ọgụ iche iche. Zhivkov bụ ikike nnọchiteanya nke Staff nke ebe dị ka a partisan "Chavdar", mgbe rearranged ke otu partisan brigeedi n'okpuru iwu nke Dobri Dzhurova eme na gburugburu Sofia. Na agha oge, ọtụtụ allies Zhivkov brigeedi "Chavdar" nwere ọkwá na Bulgarian ala oru.

Ọdịdọ nke ike site ndị Kọmunist

Site na mmalite nke September 1944 na Bulgaria wee na-German agha dị ka ya jikọrọ aka, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọchịchị na-choro ha ndọrọ ego. Iji eziokwu a, ndị ọchịchị Soviet 5 September 1944, kwuru agha Bulgaria. September 8, 1944 Soviet agha nke atọ Ukrainian Front n'okpuru Marshal Tolbukhin na Black Sea Fleet we were obodo ahu na Bulgarian Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ebe ndị agha nyere dịghị eguzogide. N'echi (September 9) Communist nnupụisi na Sofia na kwaturu ọchịchị Muravieva na ụbọchị tupu nkwupụta nke agha site Soviet Union kpebiri iji na-ekwusa agha na Germany, ma ọ bụghị nwere oge na-eme otú ahụ n'ihi na-egbu oge nke agha ngalaba oru metụtara na ọchịchị Kọmunist. Ọ bụrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aghụghọ Muravieva kabinet kọrọ, Soviet Union ga-chie wetara ndị agha n'ime iro n'ókèala Germany, nke gaara eme ka mmegide site n'aka ya Western allies.

N'ihi nke ahụ mere na September 1944 na Bulgaria maka ọkara otu narị afọ chịrị site na Communist Party na ghọọ onye ndú nke mba ahụ, Georgi Dimitrov, na iri afọ tupu famed maka ya obi ike omume na ama Leipzig usoro. Mgbe ikpeazụ nke agha Bulgarian agha rụọ ya na n'akụkụ nke Soviet Union na abuana ke agha na Yugoslavia, Hungary na Austria.

Bilie party ọrụ mgbe September 9, 1944

Site September ka November 1944 Zhivkov Todor bụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị isi nke mkpara nke Ndị mmadụ agha na ghọrọ nke atọ Secretary nke Sofia City Committee nke PDU. February 27, 1945, ọ ghọrọ a nwa akwukwo maka Central Committee nke party òtù. Site na January 1948, ọ bụ nke mbụ na odeakwụkwọ nke Sofia City Committee nke PDU nakwa dị ka onyeisi oche nke obodo kọmitii nke nna Front, nke, ma e wezụga ndị Kọmunist, ma na-agụnye ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ Bulgarian ọzọ. Na-ise nzuko nke BRP, ẹkenịmde ke December 27, 1948, hoputara ka Central Committee nke Party, nke nwetaghachiri aha Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). Zhivkov Todor mgbe niile re-hoputara na-achị isi nke BCP, ruo mgbe December 8, 1989, mgbe a chụpụrụ ya ya kpam kpam.

Way to n'elu nke ọzọ nke ike

Na October 1949, Zhivkov mere nzukọ na Ntụziaka Department nke Central Committee nke Bulgarian Communist Party, na January 1950, ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ nke Communist Party, na November ọ hoputara a nwa akwukwo so ya Politburo. Site July 1951 November 1989 Zhivkov - a so na Political Bureau nke Party Central Kọmitii. Isi nke Secretariat ndị Party Central Committee kemgbe 1953.

Otú ọ dị, ndị ezigbo ike na otu, ọ na e butere mgbe ọ April Plenum nke Central Committee (2-6 April 1956), nke akara mmalite nke a àgwà òtù nzuzo debunking Vylko Chervenkov ezigbo mmekorita Georgi Dimitrov, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1949. Tchervenkov na 1950-1956 gg. bụ Prime Minister nke Bulgaria, na afọ 1950-1954 - izugbe odeakwụkwọ nke Central Committee nke BCP. N'oge ọchịchị ya, o gosiri ewere iguzosi ike n'ihe na Stalin, ruo simulate ẹbọ nke omume-ya na anya.

Mgbe Stalin ọnwụ, ike nke party si Chervenkov ghọrọ nwayọọ nwayọọ gaa Zhivkov. First ya e tutu amama post of General Secretary nke Central Committee, na mgbe nke isii Party Congress (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov a họpụtara ọhụrụ kere post nke Mbụ Secretary nke Central Committee nke Bulgarian Communist Party (ẹkenịmde ya ruo April 4, 1981).

The Nchikota party na ọchịchị posts

Site na 1946 ruo 1990. Zhivkov a họpụtara osote onye nke National Assembly (nzuko omeiwu). November 19, 1962, ọ na-anọchi Anton Yugova dị ka praịm minista. Ọ ẹkenịmde a post ruo July 9, 1971, mgbe ọ na-anọchi Stanko Todorov.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1971, Zhivkov ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke ọhụrụ kere Council of State nke Republic of Bulgaria (N'eziokwu ndị isi nke ala). Ọ ẹkenịmde a ọnọdụ ruo mgbe 17 November 1989.

Bulgaria fọrọ nke nta ghọrọ nke 16 Republic nke USSR

December 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov ka BCP Central Committee First Secretary na Prime Minister onwe adade ke plenum nke Central Committee nke Bulgarian mkpesa amaghị na Central Committee nke CPSU na ajụjụ nke n'ihu convergence na ọdịnihu mmakọ nke Ndị mmadụ Republic of Bulgaria na Soviet Union, na-eme ya nke 16 Republic nke Soviet Union, si otú a ghọọ a egwu egwu na mba onwe. Plenum nke Central Committee ja amaghị ka "a dị ịrịba ama na-egosi na ịhụ mba n'anya na internationalism", nke ga-eweli "fraternal enyi na mbara imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti mba anyị na Soviet Union na a ọhụrụ larịị." The ndọ "ike akụ na ụba, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ideological ọnọdụ zuru ịdị n'otu nke anyị abụọ fraternal mba "ọ na-otu olu mma na plenary nnọkọ na onwe-aka site Todor Zhivkov, ma jụrụ ndị Soviet Union.

Part na suppression nke Prague Spring

The mkpebi na òkè nke Bulgaria na ndị agha aka mgbe ndị Prague Spring e kuchiri site Council nke Ozi, bụ onyeisi oche site Todor Zhivkov. Ọ e nyere a top-nzuzo Council nke Ozi Iwu № 39 nke NRB 20.VIII.1968 na nkwali nke mkpebi n'ụdị "na-enye ndị agha enyemaka na Communist Party nke Czechoslovakia na Czechoslovak ndị mmadụ". The agha na ime aka nke 12 na 22th bipu regiments ọtụtụ 2164 nwoke na a tank battalion na 26 igwe T-34.

Mwepụ si ọrụ

Na 1989, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba nke socialist mara ụlọikwuu Kọmunist furu efu ike dị ka a n'ihi nke revolutions na coups, butere site n'ozuzu idem emem nke Soviet Union na nchupu ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na support n'akụkụ ahụ ya. Ọ bụghị wepugara nkịtị eke na Bulgaria. November 9 na a nzukọ nke Political Bureau nke Central Committee nke Bulgarian Communist Party Zhivkov Todor arụkwaghịm ya post dị ka otu onye ndú, na-esote ụbọchị plenum nke Central Committee, nke mma na ya agaghịzi na-akwado na National Assembly hapụ ya si post of onyeisi oche nke State Council. November 17 Zhivkov furu efu na nke a post. Na January 1990, e jidere ya, ọ na-e gosiri a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo n'ụzọ nke ike. N'ihi na eziokwu na ndị ọchịchị na Bulgaria ka afọ 90 nke 20 st. chekwaara mbụ Communist Party, renamed Socialist Party, t. e. nọgidere na-aka nke-ntà ibe Zhivkov, ya akara bụghị dị ka obi ọjọọ dị ka onye ndú nke Romanian Communist Ceausescu. Ruo mgbe 1996, Zhivkov tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'ụlọ, ikpe megide ya-nyochaworo umengwụ, na ewu ewu na nke mbụ onye ndú na ndabere nke na-adakpọ adakpọ ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na mba na-eto. Ma ọ na-ama n'ụzọ zuru ezu ziri ezi na-adịghị fated. Na August 1998, a dị nta n'ihu afọ 87, ọ nwụrụ nke oyi baa.

Todor Zhivkov: Family

The ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na di (ka July 1938) at Mare-Jivkova Maleeva, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1971 si cancer. Ha nwere a nwa nwa. Todor Zhivkov ada Lyudmila (lee. Photo n'okpuru), a ma ama na Bulgarian art ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere, ruo afọ isii ka isi nke Bulgarian gọọmenti Committee on Arts and Culture. Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1981 site na ọrịa strok.

Nwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Vladimir bụ ka ndụ, nwa ya na nsọpụrụ nke ama nna nna aha ya bụ Zhivkov Todor. Nwa nwa Politika Evgeniya (nwa Ludmila Zhivkova) bụ a Bulgarian ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmebe, ugboro itoolu (2001 na 2009) a họpụtara na National Assembly.