Zhostovo sere. Ihe Zhostovo sere. Zhostovo factory ji achọ sere

Tụrụ n'anya site dịgasị iche iche na iche iche nke agba, splashing n'elu nke nwa ma ọ bụ acha trays Zhostovo sere forms a na-egbuke egbuke Ifuru nakawa etu esi, mma na ndị kasị mma nkọwa. Fine rose na ogho uhie poppies, daisies mfe na-emetụ cornflowers, peonies na meere okomoko radiant aster jikọtara na-amaghị ma ọ na-erughị mara mma okooko osisi. Birds na butterflies, a dịgasị iche iche nke tomato na mkpụrụ osisi dị ka bi na ndị dị otú ahụ dị mfe, adị kwa ụbọchị ihe dị ka trays. Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị na-adịghị achọ, ị ga-ahụ ihe ọ bụla nke otu tree - onye ọ bụla pụrụ iche! Olee ebe anyị na-abịa dị otú ahụ art, dị ka ime otú ahụ magburu onwe ha, ebe i nwere ike iri ihe Zhostovo sere? Banyere nke a ma banyere atụmatụ nke na-egosipụta na metal, e ji mara ndị na-ese ihe si Moscow Zhostovo, isiokwu a ga-agwa.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omume nke lacquer sere

Ndị mbụ, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na mgbe ochie data, mụta nkà nke lacquer sere Chinese. Ọtụtụ puku afọ gara aga n'oge Shang Yin, Chinese bi mma lacquer osise ezinụlọ arịa na-adị kwa ụbọchị akpọkwa, ngwá agha na ememe arịa.

Mgbe China lacquer sere art meriri mba nke Indochina, Persia na India, Japan na Korea. Na nke ọ bụla n'ógbè lacquer sere Usoro mepụtara n'adabereghị, dabere na omenala nke ndiife art, ma site na-agbaziri ahụmahụ nke ndị nka si mba ọzọ.

Ka lacquer sere wee Russia?

European ahịa na XVI-na Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ, ahia na mba nke Southeast Asia, me ebube ihe atụ nke na-ese lacquerware n'ala nna ha. Mmụọ nsọ site mma na n'echiche nke dịgasị iche iche na ụdị na nzube nke Oriental ihe, mma na lacquered oyiyi, nna ukwu nke ọtụtụ mba Europe na-amalite na-eme ka na icho mma a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị "Chinese" style.

Serious mmepe nke na-achị mmepụta, lacquer mma na eserese, na mba Europe dị ka Holland, England, Germany na France, mere naanị ke XVIII narị afọ.

Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov gaa ọtụtụ na Europe, ebe ọ bịara nwee mmasị na echiche nke lacquer sere. Na 1778, na Urals, Nizhny Tagil, Urals malitere iputa azu ifuru sere na metal.

Omume Zhostovo ghọọ sere na Metal

Mere na Urals na mma na lacquer-ese metal chests na trays, jugs na bọket, na ndị ọzọ na-adị kwa ụbọchị akpọkwa e resịrị bụghị naanị na obodo na Krestovskaya Irbit fairs, ma na National Makarevskoy mma na Nizhny Novgorod.

Ikekwe, ọ na-ebe a hụrụ ngwaahịa Ural nwe n'ike mmụọ nsọ ụmụnna Vishnjakova na lacquer-ese metal trays. Vishnjakova ezinụlọ kemgbe 1825 mepụtara tumadi dị a lacquer sere dị iche iche ngwaahịa mere nke papier-mache - anwụrụ igbe, sịga mgbe, albums, sugar nnukwu efere na igbe.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1830, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na ụlọ ahịa ndị dị n'obodo nta nke Trinity parish, dị ka Atọ n'Ime Otu, Khlebnikov na Zhostovo kwụsịrị na-emepụta ihe mere nke papier-mache, na Switched na mmepụta na-ese metal trays.

The mbọhọ ka isi obodo nke azu ekwe ka ime na-enweghị intermediaries na nwere otu ebe ahịa, nakwa dị ka ọnụ ịzụta ndị dị mkpa ihe.

History of ahia development

Malite na 30-ies nke XIX na narị afọ ime na icho mma lacquered trays nke metal ígwè na fọrọ nke nta niile gburugburu obodo. N'oge a Zhostovo sere nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ya ewu ewu. N'afọ gara mgbe mgbanwe ina ngwaahịa Zhostovo nwe dara sharply, na-eduga na ịdị n'otu nke disparate nka na obere ọkachamara ekwenye.

Na 1928, niile obere ekwenye nke Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu, Novosiltsev Zhostovo na ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu obodo bịakọtara ọnụ dị ka a pụrụ iche na-akwado mkpebi "Metallopodnos" na akara center na Zhostovo.

Ndị kasị sie ike oge Zhostovo sere, ka n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ handicrafts, ígwè 40-50s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ọ bụ n'oge a na-budata ebelata ntọhapụ nke trays, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro mụbara mmepụta nke na-abụghị isi azu ụmụ ngwaahịa. Zhostovo sere maka ụmụaka - bụ obere osisi na metal na tree, bọket na shọvel, mma na onye ọcha.

n'oge na

Khrushchev si "igbaze" mere ezi ihe dị iche ná ndụ nke igbu azụ. Na 1960, ndị na-akwado mkpebi "Metallopodnos" e reorganized na nwetara ya ugbu aha - Zhostovo factory nke ji achọ sere. Ige nti site n'aka gọọmenti, na-arụsi ọrụ ike mmekota nke nna ukwu na ndị ọkà mmụta na-dị iche iche ma anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ ngosi ekwe na fishery pụọ nke ogologo oge nsogbu.

Taa factory na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ọrụ nke chepụtara ọrụ ya artists achọ expositions nke ọtụtụ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie gburugburu ụwa, nakwa dị ka ebe obibi nke ndị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke omenala, sayensị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Akụkụ nke guzobere

Dị ka ekwuola, Zhostovo sere mepụtara n'okpuru nduzi nke Ural ifuru sere na metal. Ma Zhostovo nwe mbụ esichara na decorating dị iche iche ihe mere nke papier-mache, na-enwe ike nyefee ha nile na nkà na ụzụ nchoputa na metal trays. N'ihi na ha mkpuchi, ha na-eji aka ha ikwọ, nakwa dị ka ihe pụrụ iche copal ghọọ.

Ọ dịghị obere mmetụta na azu na mmepe dị nso n'etiti lukutinskih lacquer miniatures. N'ihi na n'ihu stylistic guzobere Zhostovo sere mmetụta Rostov Enamel na Nwere Ifuru motifs Ivanovo owu Mbipụta, na poselin sere, a rụrụ na suburban ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

Site na ihe na-esi mee ka ndị trays?

Modern Zhostov trays na-mere na ụzọ abụọ: site na zọ na ibe ya bụrụ.

N'ihi na ot mpempe akwụkwọ metal na pụrụ iche n'ibu presses ka blanks maka trays ọkọlọtọ shapes na nha. Ọzọ, na-electric pịa site pụrụ iche Ebu na ikpokọta stampụ rụrụ seaming n'ọnụ - interlining. A bead tree na-ikwesi, esetịpụ ha inyefe.

Artists Zhostovo sere nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụghị nanị na na ọkọlọtọ trays iche-iche. Ha na-ahọrọ na e nwere 26 ọkọlọtọ forms nke iji họrọ kasị kwesị ekwesị imewe. Mgbe ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche, ihe na-akpata-e farrier (uzú), manufactures esorowo tree. Iji mezuo nke a, ọtụtụ metal Ibé akwụkwọ na aka mkpa bee mgbodo, nke e mesịrị, n'okpuru nduzi nke hama na-wetara, kụọ aka. Mgbe seaming onu na-etinye na tree pụrụ iche wires, nke na-enye ya ike na mgbe mmezi onwe ya hama na onu.

Dị ka trays na-kwadebere maka sere?

Ozugbo trays na-enwetara udi na seamed, ha na-primed abụọ putty esịnede nzu, diluted na ihicha mmanụ. Ozugbo primed tree Fikiere ke a pụrụ iche oven, nwe gruntovschik polishing n'elu na sandpaper, na mgbe ahụ na-emetụta ọzọ oyi akwa nke putty. Na mbụ tree kpuchie abụọ nwa primer oyi akwa esịnede kaolin ụrọ, manu oku, Dutch soot na mmanụ. Onye ọ bụla oyi akwa e akpọnwụwo ma jiri nlezianya na-egbu maramara. Taa, omenala nke primer na-adịghị na ya n'ọrụ, na-eji kama imebi si sprinkler factory aja aja ala. Mgbe ihicha primed shpaklyuyut tree na Fikiere. Mgbe ahụ putty tree aka egbu maramara na a nkume ọkụ nkume.

Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na-etinyere na na tree nwa agba na ndabere nke turpentine, na mgbe ihicha ya otu ugboro na 2-3 n'ígwé ntekwasa black mmanụ ghọọ. The Fikiere ma peeled tree ekekpepde site na-ese na eserese.

Olee otú acha iche na trays?

Zhostovo factory ji achọ sere, na mgbakwunye na omenala trays na a black ndabere, manufactures na ngwaahịa, nke na-acha uhie uhie, acha anụnụ anụnụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ iche. Ka ịmepụta ha na tree elu a mkpa oyi akwa nke lacquer nke ìhè. Ruo mgbe ọ mịrị amị, si, fesa ya ọla ma ọ bụ aluminum ntụ ntụ. Ozugbo metallized ndabere bụ akọrọ, agba ya agba na ị chọrọ lessirovochnomu akọwa, si otú enye ufiop na juputara n'ụtọ, ma n'otu oge a akachia, dị ka a translucent ndabere.

Egosipụta na a na agba ndabere achọ mgbanwe agba dị ka atụmatụ na usoro. N'ihi ya, naanị ubé ẹkedọhọde ntigbaa na onyinyo a obere mmasị.

Art sere Zhostovo tree

Zhostovo omenkà ihe pụrụ iche osa sere brushes na mmanụ ágbá jiriwo turpentine na linseed mmanụ. Onye ọ bụla na-ese na-n'out oge na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ngwaahịa. Na-erite na ịchọ mma na-eji na-acha ọcha na agba na ghọọ (gulfarba), fesa na ntụ ntụ nke níle Önwa, ma ọ bụ ndị na-akpọ gbazee gold - diluted na turpentine ma ọ bụ uzo lacquer gold ntụ ntụ.

Zhostovo sere na-mere abụọ nkebi: zamalevka na ahụ iru ala. Na nzọụkwụ zamalevki obosara ahịhịa artist na-adọta ndị isi silhouette mejupụtara na-arụ ọrụ na elu nke tree. N'ihi ya, mmejuputa iwu-eji itughari (razbelennye) ágbá. Mgbe ahụ tree zamalevkoy etinyere na-mịrị amị maka 12 awa a ihicha kabinet.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nna ukwu amalite na-adọta amị nke na-egbuke egbuke ebe, na-eweta acha onyinyo na ntigbaa edepụta na nweta olu nke mejupụtara. Stamens nke okooko osisi na doo streaks silhouetted mkpa e. Isi ọcha Zhostovo sere, dị ka nnukwu okooko osisi, jikọtara nta ị ga, ahịhịa na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mejupụtara. The ọhụrụ ndibiat ịchọ mma na osisi.

Emechara ọrụ atọ polished na ghọọ na Fikiere ke Ighe, mgbe ahụ, iji aka otpolirovyvayut elu ka a mirror imecha.

Basic sere motifs

Ọtụtụ mgbe Zhostovo nka ịrụ mfe ifuru ndokwa n'ụdị ùkwù, nke rhythmically nwetụ nnukwu ubi na a obere OKOOKO ọhịa. A, isi ikwọ mejupụtara ọtụtụ nnukwu okooko osisi, dị ka rose, aster, peony, tulip dahlia ma ọ bụ gbara ya gburugburu rụrụ obere okooko osisi na buds na interconnected mkpa ị ga, Alaka na epupụta. Ke adianade nnukwu ubi okooko osisi, ụfọdụ nka wetara ahụ pụta ìhè mejupụtara umeala Violets, okooko lili, bindweed ma ọ bụ pansies.

Ùkwù ka ubi na anụ okooko osisi nwere ike a gbakwunyere na onyinyo nke mkpụrụ, tomato, na nnụnụ na butterflies. Mgbe ụfọdụ ese egosi trays naanị ka lifes nke mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bunches nke tomato dị ka Rowan.

Ke adianade ifuru ndokwa, na akụkọ na-kere Zhostovo sere, a foto nke ị pụrụ ịhụ n'okpuru. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-egosi ihe nkiri si ndụ ndị mmadụ nkịtị, mma, Okirikiri, nakwa dị ka ịnyịnya Na. Site na nnukwu, Zhostovo sere (foto na-adade ke ibuotikọ) - ya n'ezie bụ nkà.

Okwu pụtara Zhostovo Applied Arts

Ná mmalite, ndị mejupụtara maka trays e si eserese, ma ha na nkọwa nke ọ bụla na-ese nwere onwe ya. Taa nwe-aghọta ugbu a oge gboo ikwọ, ma na-achọ ịhụ ndị ọhụrụ.

Ọ ga-kwuru na nke ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ Zhostovo sere ikwọ na-ede a ụgbọelu na-ejikọrọ na-etolite a tree, ha n'ụzọ zuru okè bufee nhazi omimi na olu mmasị ihe. Otu ihe dị mkpa n'aka okwu Zhostovo art bụ rhythmic na agba itule nke foto.

Enwere m ike na-amụta?

Mụta ihe Zhostovo sere, otú isere na a Usoro, o kwere omume na Zhostovo. N'ụlọ ọrụ, ngwaahịa nke bụ ma ama n'ụwa nile, e na-eduzi njegharị nke ngosi nka trays na nna ya ukwu na klas na-eru lacquer. Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla obodo nwere a njem àjà njem ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ otú e si na-eme ka Zhostovo sere. Master klas na ọ na-ahụ ndị na-usoro. Njem mmụta Zhostovo nwere ike haziri onwe ha, tupu na kọntaktị na a ngosi nka na-agbakwunye awa nke ọrụ.