Alexander Selkirk: a obere biography

Robinson Crusoe - a chepụtara echepụta agwa n'akwụkwọ Danielya Defo, mbụ e bipụtara na 1719. A ma ama na-arụ ọrụ Robinson ụgbọ ha kpuru na chọtara onwe ya n'àgwàetiti ahụ, ndụ nanị ya nọ tupu nzute Friday, ọzọ owu na-ama agwaetiti bi.

Alexander Selkirk: biography

History Defoe, Otú ọ dị, dabeere na ndụ n'ezie ahụmahụ nke Scottish-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. The prototype nke Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk (foto nke ya ihe oyiyi na-dị mgbe e mesịrị) A mụrụ 1676 na obere azu obodo nke Lower Largo, na Fife, Scotland, nso ọnụ nke Firth nke n'Ihu.

Ọ goro site boatswain na ụgbọ mmiri "Sankey nwere" akwụkwọ ozi nke marque na-aga igwu mmiri na 1702-m. Ndị nwe nke ụgbọ mmiri na-natara n'aka Onyenwe anyị Admiral corsair patent, nke ọ bụghị nanị ekwe ahịa ụgbọ ogwe aka onwe ha maka onwe-agbachitere megide mba ọzọ ụgbọ mmiri, ma na-kwadoro ka ndị agha na nke ha, karịsịa ndị na-efe ọkọlọtọ nke UK-iro mba. N'eziokwu, privateering nweghị iche piracy - ohi ụzọ ọzọ na-akpata ego dị ka a nkịtị Maritime ahia kwụsịrị n'oge agha.

Fate "Sankey mgbe" e nwere njikọ chiri ọzọ marque now edu Captain "St. George" William Dampier.

The ikike maka ohi

Na April 1703 Dampier ekpe London na isi nke ndị njem, bụ nke gụnyere ihe abụọ ụgbọ mmiri, nke abụọ nke a na-akpọ "Fame" na bụ n'okpuru iwu nke Captain Iburu. Ma ọbụna tupu mmiri hapụrụ Downs, ndi-isi nwere a na-ada, ma na-"Fame" ụgbọ mmiri, na-ahapụ "St. George" na nanị. Dampier ụgbọ mmiri na Kinsale, Ireland, na e zutere na "Sankey Porus" n'okpuru iwu nke Pickering. Ma arịa kpebiri isonyere ndị agha, na a ọhụrụ nkwekọrịta e kwubiri n'etiti ndị isi abụọ.

Dampier e goro site Thomas iduga, otú o zigara iledo na South Sea (Pacific Ocean) ịchọpụta ma kwakọrọ Spanish mmiri ụgbọ njem akụ. Isi abụọ kwetara iji ụgbọ mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị South America na weghaara na Spanish ship na Buenos Aires. Ọ bụrụ na mmepụta bụ 60 000 pound ma ọ bụ karịa, na njem aghaghị ịlaghachi ozugbo England. Bụrụ na nke ọdịda enyi zubere iji ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu Cape Horn ọgụ ndị Spanish mmiri ebu gold si mines na Lima. Ọ bụrụ na nke a agaghị ekwe omume, ọ na-kwetara iji ụgbọ mmiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu na-agbalị weghara "Acapulco", Manila ụgbọ mmiri, fọrọ nke nta mgbe ebu a akụ.

ọrịa na-fated njem

Privateering njem ekpe Ireland na May 1703, na dị ka ị na-akpali ihe malite ịga n'ezie ọma. Ndi-isi usu na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù ẹtọhọ a otutu, na mgbe ahụ na Pickering dara ọrịa ma nwụọ. Ọ dochie Thomas Stradling. Eneni, Otú ọ dị, kwụsị. Enweghị afọ ojuju bụ n'ihi suspicions nke ndi oru ugbo, onyeisi Dampier bụghị zuru ezu bụrụkwa na-eme ka ohi agafe ikpé na, dị ka a na ya pụta, a otutu mmepụta furu efu. Ọ na-enyo enyo na, mgbe ndị ozi na zuru ezu, ya na enyi ya Edward Morgan achọghị ịkọrọ ndị booty na ndi oru ugbo.

Na February 1704 n'oge a stop n'àgwàetiti Juan Fernandez otu "Sankey ka" nupụrụ isi ma jụrụ na-aga azụ na osisi. The arụ ọrụ laghachiri ship mgbe aka nke Captain Dampier. Iji mee ka ihe ka njọ, ákwà ifufe na gia na-ekpe n'àgwàetiti ahụ, mgbe otu iti a ọkụ ọkụ ichighaazu, ịhụ French ụgbọ mmiri. Ka anyị nọgidere gara, nhicha na ndozi nke ụgbọ mmiri, ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie mmebi nke ụgbọ mmiri ikpuru e efu, na ikpe nyere anya igba. Site na oge na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti abụọ ìgwè ruru mgbe, na mgbe ahụ, ha kwekọrịtara na-eru Gulf of Panama, kewara booty na-aga.

Mutiny na ụgbọ mmiri

Na September 1704, "St. George" ụgbọ mmiri na "Sankey ka" laghachiri Juan Fernandez ná mgbalị iji weghachi ákwà ifufe ha na rigging, ma ọ tụgharịa si na French ship were ha. Ọ bụ ebe a na boatswain Alexander Selkirk nupụrụ isi, na-ajụ ime. Ọ ghọtara na ihe bụ ọnọdụ ndị ship dị njọ, na mmekọrịta ya na Captain Stradling otú tensi na ya ga na-ahọrọ na-agbalị ha chioma na adaa na más-a-Tierra, otu n'ime mmadu ebighi agwaetiti nke Juan Fernández. Ọ na-ekpe a egbe, a mma, anyu-ike, oat na ụtaba, nakwa dị ka Bible, akwụkwọ okpukpe, na ọtụtụ navigation ngwaọrụ. Na ikpeazụ oge Alexander Selkirk jụrụ iri ya na osisi, ma jụrụ Stradling.

N'ihi ya tụgharịa, ọ bụ ezie megide uche ya, ọ zọpụtara ndụ gị. Mgbe ọpụpụ Huana Fernandesa eruba "Sankey oge" aghọwo ike nke na-arụ ọrụ ndị e amanye hapụ ship na nyefe na rafts. Ọ ọbọhọ naanị 18-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ jisiri iru n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke South America, ebe ha na-weghaara. The Spaniards na ndị obodo ha na-na-emeso, mgbe ahụ, na ndi oru ugbo a na-etinye na mkpọrọ.

Alexander Selkirk: Island ndụ

Near n'ụsọ ọ hụrụ a ọgba ebe o nwere ike ịdị ndụ, ma na nke mbụ ọnwa nnọọ egwu nke ya iche na owu ọmụma na-anaghị ekpe n'ikpere mmiri, na-eri a akịrịkọ. Alexander Selkirk - na prototype nke Robinson Crusoe - ụbọchị ọdụ na osimiri, akasiakde ke mmiri na olileanya ịhụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke ga-azoputa ya. Ihe karịrị otu ugboro, ọ ọbụna igbu onwe.

Iju ụda na-abịa site na miri di omimi nke agwaetiti ahụ, ụjọ ya, na o yiri ka mkpu ọhịa bloodthirsty anụ ọhịa. N'eziokwu, ha bipụtara osisi na dara site ifufe. N'echiche nke Selkirk bịara naanị mgbe ọ na-weghaara na osimiri na narị oké osimiri ọdụm. E nwere nnọọ ọtụtụ, ha bụ otú nnukwu na egwu, na ọ bụghị amaja ịgakwuru n'ikpere mmiri, ebe naanị iyi nke ya oru.

Ọ dabara nke ọma, na ndagwurugwu ahu juputara na Ahịhịa nso, akpan akpan kabeeji nkwụ, nke ghọrọ otu n'ime ya isi na isi mmalite nke nri. Ọzọkwa, Selkirk hụrụ na agwaetiti ahụ bi ọtụtụ ewu-ọhia, eleghị anya, rapu n'ebe ahu site na My Chemical Romance. Na mbụ, ọ na-achụgharị ha na a egbe, na mgbe ahụ, mgbe m rụchaa gunpowder, ọ mụtara ka enwetaghị ha na aka gị. Na njedebe, Alex ole na ole akpa na nri anụ ha na mmiri ara ehi.

Nsogbu nke agwaetiti ndị oké obi ọjọọ nke oke nke na-a àgwà nke atarịta ibe ha arụ ya aka ya na ụkwụ ya, mgbe ọ na-ehi. Ọ dabara nke ọma, n'àgwàetiti ọhịa nwamba bi. Selkirk jiwo dịtụ, na n'abalị ha gburugburu ya bed, na-echebe ya site na òké.

illusive olileanya

Alexander Selkirk rọrọ nke nzọpụta na ụbọchị ọ bụla na-achọ maka a ụgbọ mmiri, udo ọkụ, ma o were ọtụtụ afọ tupu mmiri gara Cumberland Bay. Otú ọ dị, nleta mbụ bụ ezi dị ka ọ tụrụ anya ya.

Ọṅụ, Alex bugara akụ na-egosi abụọ mmiri ama esịn ejigidesikwa n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Na mberede na ọ ghọtara na ha bụ ndị Spanish! Ebe ọ bụ na England na Spain nọ na-alụ agha, Selkirk maara na-eche ya n'agha eke ọnwụ njọ, akara aka nke a ohu a nnu nke m. The search party rutere, na-ahụ "Robinson", malitere gbata ya ruo mgbe ọ gbara ọsọ gaa zoo. Na njedebe, na Spaniards kwụsịrị na-achọ na-adịghị anya ekpe agwaetiti ahụ. Lanahụrụ n'agha, Alex laghachi ya ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ enyi na enyi nwamba na ewu.

obi ụtọ na nzọpụta

"Robinson" n'àgwàetiti nọgidere naanị afọ anọ na ọnwa anọ. Ọ napụtara site ọzọ caper edu Captain Woods Rogers. Na ya ụgbọ mmiri log, nke o mere n'oge a ma ama esịp, Rogers kọwara nke nzoputa Selkirk na February 1709.

"Anyị rutere n'àgwàetiti Juan Fernandez 31 January. Restock, anyị nọrọ n'ebe ahụ ruo February 13. N'àgwàetiti ahụ, anyị hụrụ na ọ dịghị onye Aleksandra Selkirka, a Scotsman bụ ndị fọdụrụ e site Captain Stradling, Bilie Captain Dampier na ya ikpeazụ njem, na-anwụghị maka afọ anọ na ọnwa anọ, na-enweghị onye bi mkpụrụ obi, na nke ọ nwere ike na-ekwurịta okwu, na otu satellite, ma e wezụga n'ihi ewu-ọhia. "

N'eziokwu, Selkirk, n'agbanyeghị na ya na manyere ịnọ naanị, nwere na-arịọ na ọ bịara n'ụgbọ ka mụtara na n'etiti ndị ya nnapụta bụ ọrịa na-fated njem Ọchịagha "Sankey mgbe" na ugbu a na pilot na ụgbọ mmiri Vudsa Rodzher Dampier. Na njedebe, ọ na-e mekwara ka n'àgwàetiti ahụ pụọ, na a họpụtara ya nnyemaaka ship Rogers "Duke". N'afọ na-esonụ, mgbe kpọọ nke Spanish ship Nuestra Senora de la Incarnacion Disenganio, ụgbọ njem gold,-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Alexander Selkirk ahụ na boatswains ọhụrụ njem ụgbọ mmiri, renamed "Bachelor".

laghachi

Igwu Woods Rogers biri na 1711 mbata nke Thames. The prototype nke Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk na nloghachi ya ghọrọ ebe mara. Otú ọ dị, a kpọrọ ya na-egosi n'oge ikpe na obodo megide William Dampier Elizabet Kresvell, nwa nke onye nwe nke mbụ njem, maka losses niile metere na 1703.

Mgbe ahụ, "Robinson" on a ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahịa jiri ụgbọ mmiri gaa Bristol, ebe ọ na ebubo wakpo. Eleghị anya ihe-ndebe e me-akwado nke Dampier, ma o tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka 2 afọ.

Alexander Selkirk, a-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na privateer Robinson, nwụrụ n'oké osimiri na 1721.