American ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na sociologist Meyo Elton: biography, onyinye sayensị. Hawthorne nnwale

Modern mba ọzọ management ozizi dabeere na nkà mmụta sayensị na echiche nke otu n'ime ndị isi ụlọ akwụkwọ - na psychological, nke na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ ọrụ nke interpersonal mmekọrịta na ihe nakawa etu esi nke omume. Great onyinye mmepe nke School of Management, ẹkenam Elton Mayo. Mmekọrịta ụmụ mmadụ akwụkwọ bụ mmalite nke ọhụrụ nnyocha na ubi nke sociology nke management, nzukọ akparamàgwà na management akparamaagwa.

Elton Mayo: A Biography (1880 - 1949)

Meyo Elton A mụrụ Australia (Adelaide) na 1880 na a na ezinụlọ nke real-ala na ụlọ. Ịchụ ọrụ eketa nna nna ya, bụ onye a ma ama na-awa, Mayo Elton afọ anọ na-amụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ na dị iche iche agụmakwụkwọ njikọ: Adelaide University, Edinburgh University, na London School of Medicine. Kpaliri mmasị Humanities, ọ na 1911 gụsịrị akwụkwọ University na a ruo n'ókè na "Psychology."

Meyo Elton kpebiri iji onwe ya sayensị na kụziiri na Mahadum nke Queensland (Brisbane), sotere University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), na ebe ọ bụ na 1926 - Harvard Business School (USA). N'ihi na afọ ise, Meyo Elton, a prọfesọ na njikwa, aku na ulo oru nnyocha, kwụrụ ụgwọ site Rockefeller Foundation. Mgbe ezumike nká, ọ kwagara England, ebe Meyo Elton akpa ke 1949.

Hawthorne nwere Mayo

Karịsịa ewu ewu na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere nwere nke Elton Mayo, nke ndị ahụ na Hawthorne na otu nke na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ - "Western Electric" na 1927-1932 afọ. Mmepụta usoro na enterprise hazie na echiche nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị management echiche nke Taylor na Ford.

Ọrụ Nchịkwa management nlereanya bụ paternalistic. N'otu oge ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere a na-ekwe nkwa ụgwọ ezumike nká, ike mkpuchi na nkwarụ. Ọ na-elekwasị anya ọ bụghị nanị na e kere eke nke ihe ulo oru akụrụngwa, nakwa dị ka ndị na-ewu egwuregwu ubi, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ahịa, klọb, wdg The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ - 30 na puku ndị mmadụ nke mba dị iche iche.

nkebi nke ọmụmụ

The ọmụmụ ihe mbụ na nnwale (1924-1927 gg.) À na-iji na-amụ mmetụta nke ihere ìhè na arụpụtaghị ihe. The amụma banyere mmetụta dị mma nke ìhè adịghị enen. The na-eme nnyocha dọọrọ uche gaa n'eziokwu na ọrụ arụpụtaghị na-agbanwe agbanwe n'okpuru nduzi nke dị iche iche oghom ihe.

(. 1927-1932) Nke abụọ na-adọ nke ọmụmụ nwere aha "Hawthorne nwere" nke ọtụtụ iche iche na-aka: ndị brigeedi anakọta agba anọ otu na-arụ ọrụ exfoliated mica, typists brigeedi na a brigeedi nke ụmụ mmadụ, bụ ndị kwesịrị hụ na ekwentị edoghi, eriri igwe asọfe, wdg . The oke nke iche iche bụ n'ihi myirịta nke na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ - ugboro ugboro-arụ ọrụ, nke na-achọ elu kpọmkwem.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime Hawthorne nwere

Na nnwale nke ìgwè na-ekere òkè na-anakọta agba anọ na mbụ tụrụ site na ha n'otu n'otu larịị nke na arụpụtaghị ihe. Na usoro nke nnyocha na-arụ ọrụ otu na-enye a dịgasị iche iche ndị ọzọ na-, gbanwere arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ, wdg iji nweta data banyere ihe ndị na-emetụta arụmọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, a na usoro nke na-akwalite otu e ji ịme ọzọ ezumike izu-ike, belata oge kwa izu na kwa ụbọchị ọrụ, Noa nlekota ahụ ike nke na-arụ ọrụ, ihe e lebara anya ndị sonyere nke nnwale ụlọ ọrụ management.

Ndị a ego mee ka mmetụta nke rụọ ọnọdụ nke ndị ọrụ, na-eme ka enyi na enyi ikuku ke otu. N'ime oge ahụ, otu nwere a esemokwu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na isi nke nnwale, arụpụtaghị malitere izo. Mgbe mgbasa nke ndị ọrụ a na-ewere ha ka ha ebe ọhụrụ mmepụta ike amụbawo site fọrọ nke nta ka 30%.

Nhazi nke nnwale tụrụ aro ka ọhụrụ Isonye, ọkụ n'obi na-egosi na ha uru na mma-guzobere, jiri nlezianya emeso ka ha ọrụ ọrụ, na ndị okenye na-arụ ọrụ, n'ihi egwu nke mgbasa, na-na-ọzọ na-arụpụta.

The abụọ brigeedi pickers, akara otu, na-akwụ ụgwọ premiums maka otu ọrụ, na ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ọnọdụ na-kere ha.

Ọrụ Brigade, nke e aku delamination nke mica, na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ka onye ibe-ọnụego ụgwọ usoro. typists otu natara kwa izu ụgwọ dabeere na ihe na-arụ ọrụ rụrụ n'otu n'otu.

The ọrụ nke ibuo ọrụ Mayo

Meyo Elton natara akụkọ banyere omume nke a usoro nke ọmụmụ na kpuchie nke nnwale, kọwara na kọwara results, ụlọ ọrụ gwara ndị na-eme nnyocha, ọha na eze maara pụta nke Hawthorne nwere. The ụlọ ọrụ "Western Electric" ugwo ọrụ Mayo na ego nke $ 2,500 kwa afọ (1929-1933.). Ná ngwụsị nke nwere, na 1933, o bipụtara a inem Mayo "Human nsogbu nke ulo oru mmepeanya," nke kpughere bụghị naanị na ihe nnyocha, na cover ihe nke na-elekọta mmadụ kwụsie ike nke ulo oru otu.

Interpretation of pụta Elton Mayo

Inyocha ihe pụta nke Hawthorne nwere, Meyo Elton na-elekwasị anya akparamaagwa ọrụ, esịtidem nwụnye nke ọrụ, ya na afọ ojuju na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka psychological ikuku ke otu na-edu ndú ẹbọ.

Nkatọ kwuru na ezughị anya na-akwụ ụgwọ Mayo ihe oru ịkpali. Na-eche echiche banyere ọha kwụsie ike, Mayo na-ekwu na dị ka a n'ihi nke mmepe obodo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ọha mmadụ na-enwe a na omenala nsogbu (anomie).

chepụtara Mayo

Ke ofụri ofụri, na-amụ ihe nke interpersonal mmekọahụ n'ebe ọrụ na ọrụ 'onye mkpa, tọrọ ntọala maka a ọhụrụ paradigm na management Ozizi, ẹkebuanade na aha Elton Mayo.

Results nke ọmụmụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka na nkà mmụta sayensị substantiation nke echiche nke rụọ arụpụtaghị dị ka a n'ihi nke mgbanwe intangible okwu. N'ụzọ dị iche na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na na-atụle mmekọrịta bụ isi nke arụpụtaghị na ụgwọ ọrụ, Meyo Elton aro na àgwà nke na-arụ ọrụ na-emetụta ọrụ afọ ojuju na ọnọdụ ha na otu, mmekọrịta ya na oru na ibe.

N'ihi ya, rụọ nzukọ omenala, mma interpersonal ngalaba bụ isi ihe na-irè akara, dị ka e kwuru Elton Mayo. Hawthorne nwere gosi na mkpa nke ụmụ mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta na ihe mkpali paradigm nke management.

Kontsentsiya na-elekọta mmadụ omume

N'ụzọ dị iche na akụ na ụba nwoke (Taylor) echiche, echiche nke mmadụ na-elekọta mmadụ eme omume ahụ na-etinye na-atụ Elton Mayo. Management Aims ntọt arụpụtaghị na otu. The ọrụ mkpokọta, ka ọ bụla ọzọ na-elekọta mmadụ usoro, dị iche iche nesummativnosti onwunwe, ie, irreducibility Njirimara nke usoro nchikota nke Njirimara nke ya ọcha. Ndị òtù nke na-arụ ọrụ, ọ bụla nke onye bụ onye na-amasị ha, mkpa, ebumnobi, ụdị bụ mgbe niile a pụrụ iche na-elekọta mmadụ usoro.

management usoro iji na-usoro na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị irè. Onye ọ bụla otu ga-gbanwee. Ma n'ozuzu na-ekwu okwu, a na-achịkwa usoro dabeere na authoritarianism, nwere ike ịbụ adịteghị, na irè nanị n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Human-eme nwere ike isi na-aga nke ọma na proviso na ọ ezute gbasara ya.