Ammonium nnu - ụzọ nke nkwadebe, na-eji akụ na ụba mba

The chemical ogige nke NH4 +-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka a singly ebubo mma alkali metal cation. Mgbe inwe mmekọrịta na anions nke acidic bekee na-guzobere crystalline Ọdịdị c - Salt ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, nke iso nke acid anion na ammonium otu.

Ammonium salts nwetara n'oge na neutralization mmeghachi omume, nke pụtara n'oge mmeghachi omume nke amonia na acid.

ammonium salts, dị ka, ụkpụrụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na alkali metal nwere ike dissociate (kewaa cations na anions) na okenye ihe ngwọta na ion: ammonium salts, dị ka alkali metal salts dissociate n'ime ion:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

N'oge kpo oku, akọrọ ammonium salts na-ghoro amonia na acid; Nke a usoro a na-akpọ thermal dissociation.

The kpụrụ acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) ha na NH3 evaporates na n'elu jụrụ ejikọ na amonia na a nnu a nwetara. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọ bụ omume na usoro bụ reversible decomposition:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

N'ihi ya, ammonium chloride sublimes mgbe ewe iwe, ma mgbe ụfọdụ oge na n'elu nke tube ọzọ na-egosi na-acha ọcha mkpuchi nke ammonium chloride. N'ihi ya, e guzobere na-abụghị obodo acid salts, e.g., (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes n'oge kpo oku naanị NH3, na acid anọgide. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ irreversible decomposition.

All ammonium salts na-ngwa ngwa akadiahade site alkalis (na kpo oku) nyak amonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Mmeghari a na-eji maka nchọpụta nke fatịlaịza na-ammonium ụdị nitrogen.

Na mmeghachi omume nke ammonium carbonate na ịnweta na organic asịd tọhapụrụ carbon dioxide. Na mmeghachi omume nke ammonium sulfate ma ọ bụ chloride na AgNO3 ma ọ bụ BaCl kpụrụ precipitates e ji mara acha ọcha na agba.

Ammonium salts: Ihe Nlereanya

ammonium salts ọtụtụ-eji ugbo. Nke a bụ ihe magburu onwe ihe n'ihi na ịnweta nri osisi (e.g., ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Dị ka ọ na-mara nitrogen osisi nwere ike banye na na a ibikwa ụdị (NO3, NH4). Ya mere, nitrogen ogige dị nnọọ irè. Nke dị oké mkpa bụ ammonium nitrate nke mejupụtara ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- nitrogen.

Na ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, mara n'okpuru aha nke MAP NH4H2P04 na diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 nwere abụọ chemical ọcha nke osisi oriri na-edozi - nitrogen ma site. Ammonium salts gụnyere ke mbuaha nri.

Mgbe amonia mkpatụ na carbon oxide (IV) e synthesized urea ma ọ bụ urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) ma ọ bụ ammonium chloride na-eji electrochemical mkpụrụ ndụ, na dyeing na sittsepechatanii, tinning na soldering. Ịkpọtụrụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ metal, amonia na-ghoro hydrogen chloride na amonia. Hydrochloric acid mkpatụ na oxide, contaminating na metal n'elu, nke ndị obodo nnu a kpụrụ.

Ọ ga-kwuru na na kpochara n'elu ọma agbaso solder. NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) ọnụ na carbon na aluminum salts bụ akụkụ nke mgbawa - ammonal. A ogige na-eji mmepe nke nkume. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) na-ejikarị na-oriri na confectionery ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a compound a na-eji dị ka a ihe eji egbochi mmebi maka dị iche iche nke ndepụta. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi nwere Njirimara na-enyere aka mee ngwangwa chaa.

Qualitative mmeghachi omume na ammonium nnu. Mgbe ewe iwe, na ammonium salts kpụrụ na alkali ngwọta nke ammonium hydroxide, nke a na-rapara na ntọhapụ nke amonia.

Ọnụnọ nke amonia nwere ike tụrụ site a kpọmkwem isi na na na agba akwụkwọ na-egosi. N'ihi na-arụ a mmeghachi omume ya dị mkpa iji 1.0 cm3 ammonium nnu ngwọta kwukwara 0,5 cm3 ngwọta nke sodium hydroxide na okpomọkụ. N'oge kpo oku usoro, amonia a tọhapụrụ, e ji mara isi-kpụrụ, red bụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ litmus.