Ancient Russia: isi obodo. Gịnị obodo bụ isi obodo nke oge ochie Russia?

Ancient Russia, nke bụ isi obodo nke a mara mma nke ukwuu obodo, nwere a elu ugwu na ụwa. Mmalite nke mbụ steeti Eastern Slav chere na Kievan rus, ya mere kwuru na dị ka ndị mbụ isi obodo nke dị ebube obodo nke Kiev. Otú ọ dị, bụ isi obodo nke Prince Kyi bụghị nanị otu onye yi na aha. E nwere nnọọ ihe nke ha na ihe ndị kpatara na ha adị ga-atụle isiokwu anyị.

A bit banyere ala

Tupu na-ekwu banyere n'isi obodo nke Slavic ochie obodo, na-enye ya a obere oge na ogologo na peeji nke. Ancient Russia - a mmụta ọha na eze n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ebo na centralized isi ike na adị site na 862 na 1240 (Mongol mbuso agha). Ọ e ji elu mmepe nke omenala, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu biiri si Byzantium. Architects, knigopistsy, ndị nsụgharị, ndị ọkà mmụta, steklovary rutere si Constantinople na ala nke ya. Ma ọtụtụ crafts nwekwara maara na ndị Slav (ọla Ndinam, ibe ya bụrụ, ihe ọkpụkpụ, art omume, na nke osisi, wdg), ha zuo okè nkà ha site amụta ihe site n'ahụmahụ nke ụwa, ma chekwaa ihe ha bụ. Na Russia dere, tọrọ monasteries, nke ghọrọ ime mmụọ center nke ala, minted ego, nwere ya set nke iwu. Ọzọkwa, oké isi na-eme dynastic alụmdi na nwunye, na-enyere aka na-ewusi aha nke Russia, na mma mba ọzọ mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ ukwuu mepụtara mba.

Gịnị mere ụfọdụ n'isi obodo?

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eso ukara version nke akụkọ ntolite, nke mbụ isi obodo nke oge ochie Russia - bụ, n'ezie, Kiev. Nne nke Russian obodo aghọwo a isi na afọ 882, mgbe na Dnieper n'ikpere mmiri, rutere Amụma Oleg na Igor na gburu Askold na dir, jide ike. Ọ bụ ya na, dị ka Chronicle, obodo buru amụma a oké uru. Gịnị mere ndị dị ike ikwu mkpa ọzọ isi obodo? Ancient Russia, dị ka anyị maara, ọ nwetara-enwe ọganihu n'okpuru Vladimir Baptist na Yaroslav Amamihe, wee banye ojuju. N'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na nke infighting na esemokwu. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ ụmụ, ụmụnna nwoke na ụmụnne papa nke oké isi natara-nketa-ha - obodo na ndị agbata obi na obodo ntà, nke iwu nke ọ bụla n'ime ha. N'oge na-adịghị e nwere ihe na-achị achị karịa ala, na ụfọdụ n'ime ha nọ na-enweghị afọ ojuju site n'ihe e nyere ya ihe-nketa. Nke ahụ bụ n'etiti ha na-amalite na-alụ ọgụ maka ebe kasị mma na anyanwụ, nke oche-eze nke Kiev, nke nyere ego na mmetụta. Ma ụfọdụ ihe gbasara onye isi (nketa) di ike kari ndị ọzọ ike ọgwụgwụ, isi kwubiri n'etiti a azụmahịa na-aga agha megide onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

The golf n'etiti isi na-eto Kiev nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuru ya uru isi obodo. Ma arena we pua, na ndị ọzọ na niile, nke ndị bụ isi obodo nke ike ochie alaeze. Nke a Veliky Novgorod, na Chernigov, na Vladimir na Suzdal, na Galich, na mgbe e mesịrị Moscow. Ya mere, na ala nke Eastern Slav abụghị onye na isi obodo nke Ancient rus ama a ọtụtụ n'ime ha, ọ bụghị maka ihe ọ bụla a na-akpọ "Gardarika", ie obodo.

The mbụ isi obodo

Ya mere, ihe a na-ewere isi obodo nke Ancient rus? Capital na ọnụ ọgụgụ otu - nke a bụ Kiev, ebube obodo na Dnieper River, mepere obi si narị afọ nke iri. Tọrọ ntọala site na kpara Prince Kiem (ma ọ bụ nanị enwekwukwa ha), ọ ghọrọ isi obodo Veschego Olega, nọchiri ya, Igor na ụmụ ya Vladimir Monomakh. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-atụle isi na naanị chie-ebute site ná ndị Grand Duke naanị obere ikwu. Ma mgbe mbuso agha nke Tatars ghọrọ ógbè, nke ahụ weghaara mbụ Grand Duchy nke Lithuania, sochiri Rzeczpospolita, Muscovy.

Ancient rus, isi obodo nke nke a maara Kiev, na-elekọta nke mmepe nke obodo. Ke isi obodo nke nkume ụka e wuru (mgbe doo nke Christianity), e wusiri ike mgbidi, wuru a ámá ọhụrụ, na-eme n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na stacks. Ọtụtụ nkiri nke ọlaedo afọ nke ala na pụrụ hụrụ taa ke Ukraine isi obodo. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ihe Golden Gate, St. Sophia Cathedral, Assumption na St. Michael si Golden-Domed Cathedral, Trinity Church, Vydubychi obibi ndị mọnk.

Staraya Ladoga

E nwere ihe ọzọ obodo na kwesịrị uche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme - Staraya Ladoga. The oge ochie isi obodo nke Russia abụọ pụtara na n'etiti narị afọ nke asatọ, na na 862 - 864 afọ bụ oche nke Rurik. Dị ka ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, mgbe kpara isi ozi na Novgorod, a obodo na n'ọdịnihu nyere aha ahụ bụ "ndị Great". Taa, i nwere ike ịhụ na Katidral nke mwere na St. George Church, wuru na nkera nke abụọ nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ.

Staraya Ladoga taa - bụ obere obodo, nke bụ ihe dị ka afọ iri na abụọ na narị afọ. Adịbeghị anya mgbe ochie ọmụmụ eme ka o kwe iche na a mmezi tọrọ ntọala site na kwabatara si Nordic mba. Ọ bụ a na-adọba ụgbọala ọtụtụ, ebe rụziri arịa na-ewu ọhụrụ ụgbọ mmiri,

Rurik mmezi na Novgorod

The isi obodo nke oge ochie Russia Ladoga tụfuru ya aha dị ka Rurik ekpe maka New Castle, emi odude banyere abụọ kilomita site center nke oge a obodo. Ugbu a, ọ na-adọta ndị pụrụ iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke isi ugboro, n'ihi na a metụrụ Mongol ìgwè, na, ya mere, e bukọọrọ ma bibie. Ọ Nicholas Dvorischenskogo, Sofia, St. George Katidral, St. Anthony Obibi, Onye Nzọpụta anyị na chọọchị, Ọmụmụ nke Virgin, na Annunciation, Pita na Pọl, St. Paraskeva-Friday.

The heyday nke nnukwu ụlọ ihe mere na oge nke Novgorod Republic, ebe niile mkpebi ndị dị mkpa banyere ndụ nke ala bụghị Chamber enyịme. E nwere a 1136 site 1478, na ókèala ya prostilalas ọtụtụ narị kilomita - si Urals na Baltic (ma ọ bụ Viking) oké osimiri. Ọ mepụtara crafts, mụụrụ a brisk ahia, wuru nkume ụlọ, e dere akwụkwọ na emere n'ubọchi.

Taa, Novgorod (isi obodo nke Ancient rus na Novgorod Republic) nwere ike na-akpọ Mecca maka njem nleta Russia, ka o wee zọpụta ihu site na narị afọ iri.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma

Ọzọ isi obodo nke oge ochie Russian ala na-atụle Vladimir, nke bụ tumadi na oge 1243 - 1389 afọ. Grad Vladimir Monomakh hiwere na 1108, na ọkara otu narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị ọ na-enwezi ya obi Andrew Bogolyubskii. The heyday nke mmezi mere na ọchịchị Vsevolod na Big akwu, na-erube isi niile nke ụwa ma e wezụga Polotsk na Chernigov. On na ebube oge Vladimir yiri Golden Gate, Uspensky na Dmitrievsky Cathedrals.

ọgwụgwụ

N'okpuru na-efega nokors Batu Khan, n'ụzọ dị mwute, m kwụsịrị ịdị adị Ancient rus. The isi obodo ya furu efu ya mmetụta na ruo ọtụtụ afọ bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe, echefu crafts na e n'enweghị ndị bịara buru na Golden Horde. Ma obodo na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbake site na arọ fee, a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị mmadụ na-eto bụ onye mbụ osụk aka Mongol yoke, na mgbe ama esịn ya. N'ihi ya, Russia ka di ndu ọzọ ma banye n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ na a ọhụrụ ihu.